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Cadaver

Cadavers are human bodies used for scientific research, medical training, and other educational purposes.
These specimens provide invaluable insights into human anatomy, pathology, and the effects of disease or injury.
Cadaver studies allow researchers to develop and test new surgical techniques, evaluate medical devices, and advance our understanding of the human body.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, enhances the reproducibility and accuracy of cadaver research by helping scientists locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents using advanced search and comparison tools.
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Most cited protocols related to «Cadaver»

1
Musculoskeletal Modeling for Gait Analysis

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Publication 2011
Acceleration Adult Biceps Femoris Cadaver Cerebral Palsy Child Epistropheus Femur Foot Generic Drugs Gomphosis Gravitation Gravity Head Hip Joint Joints Joints, Ankle Knee Joint Muscle, Gastrocnemius Muscle Tissue Pelvis Plant Roots Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Semimembranosus Tibia Torso Vastus Intermedius Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vertebrae, Lumbar
2
Development of UF Hybrid Pediatric Phantoms
The UF hybrid 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year phantoms were developed in part from the patient CT images used for the construction of the UF paediatric voxel phantom series (Lee et al., 2006 (link)) and in part from newer CT datasets obtained from Shands Children's Hospital at the University of Florida (see Table 1). These phantoms were constructed using modeling procedures and organ identification lists given previously for the UF newborn and 15-year hybrid phantoms (Lee et al., 2007 (link); Lee et al., 2008 (link)). The naming convention for the UF phantom series begins with the identifier UFH (University of Florida Hybrid), followed by the reference phantom age in years (00, 01, 05, 10, 15, and AD for adult), and then the phantom gender (M for male and F for female). The combined gender specification MF refers to the pair of male and female phantoms at the younger ages (newborn, 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year) where all internal organ anatomy is identical with the exception of the sex organs.
As shown in Table 1, original CT images used for the 4-year and 11-year UF voxel phantoms were reprocessed in this study for constructing hybrid phantoms representing the ICRP 89 reference 5-year and 10-year child. Patient CT image logbooks were reviewed under IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant protocols to find the best candidates for reference phantom construction. Based on subject sex and age, a series of image sets were selected and then reviewed by the Chief of Paediatric Radiology at Shands Children's Hospital for abnormal patient anatomy (JW). All patients were scanned in a supine position with the arms raised to be out of the x-ray beam, and thus supplemental image sets were required to provide NURBS models for the skeleton of the extremities. Accordingly, separate arm bones (humerus, ulna, radius and hand bones) and leg bones (femur, patella, fibula, tibia and foot bones) were segmented from high-resolution CT images of an 18-year male cadaver and subsequently rescaled and attached to all phantoms of the series beyond the newborn. A total of 820 and 1099 images of the 18-year-old male cadaver CT datasets were semi-automatically segmented for construction of arm and leg models, respectively. Another supplementary image set was that of the cervical spine of a 15-year female patient. This image set, acquired at 0.75-mm slice thickness, yielded a far more discriminating view of the vertebral bodies and processes of the cervical spine than could be realized in existing 5-mm and 6-mm CT image sets used for the torso anatomy. Consequently, the resulting patient-specific cervical spine polygon mesh model was resized accordingly and inserted within the skeletal anatomy of all phantoms of the UF series older than the newborn.
Lee C., Lodwick D., Hurtado J., Pafundi D., Williams J.L, & Bolch W.E. (2009). THE UF FAMILY OF REFERENCE HYBRID PHANTOMS FOR COMPUTATIONAL RADIATION DOSIMETRY. Physics in medicine and biology, 55(2), 339-363.
Publication 2009
Adult Arm Bones Bones of Feet Cadaver Cervical Vertebrae Child Conferences Femur Fibula Hand Bones Humerus Hybrids Infant, Newborn Inpatient Leg Bones Males Neck Patella Patients Radiography Radius Skeleton Spinous Processes Tibia Torso Ulna Vertebral Body Woman
3
Reporting Guidelines for Simulation-Based Research
To clarify the scope of the reporting guideline extensions, we defined simulation as encompassing a diverse range of products including computer-based virtual reality simulators, high-fidelity and static mannequins, plastic models and task trainers, live animals, inert animal products, human cadavers, and standardized or simulated patients (ie, individuals trained to portray a patient). Our definition excluded research using computational simulation and mathematical modeling, because the guidelines were developed for research using human participants, either as learners or health care providers [1 (link)]. The steering committee determined to create reporting guidelines encompassing the following 2 categories of SBR: (1) studies evaluating simulation for educational use and (2) studies using simulation as investigative methodology [16 (link)]. We identified the CONSORT [28 (link)] and STROBE [31 (link), 32 (link)] Statements as reflecting the current reporting standards in health care research and aimed to develop extensions of these 2 statements for quantitative SBR. The CONSORT Statement and extensions were developed for randomized trials, and the STROBE Statement and extensions were developed for observational studies (cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional study designs). Our guideline extensions are not intended for qualitative research, mixed methods research, or validation studies.
Cheng A., Kessler D., Mackinnon R., Chang T.P., Nadkarni V.M., Hunt E.A., Duval-Arnould J., Lin Y., Cook D.A., Pusic M., Hui J., Moher D., Egger M, & Auerbach M. (2016). Reporting guidelines for health care simulation research: extensions to the CONSORT and STROBE statements. Advances in Simulation, 1, 25.
Publication 2016
Animals Cadaver Homo sapiens Patients
4
Comparison of Second-Order Motion Correction Methods in Functional Connectivity MRI

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Publication 2014
Adaptation, Physiological Cadaver Dietary Supplements fMRI Head Microtubule-Associated Proteins Motor Cortex, Primary physiology Posterior Cingulate Cortex
5
Developing Gold Standard Brain Atlases
To develop gold standard atlases for BP contouring, 12 cadavers (age and gender randomized) were used. The cadavers were embalmed according to Thiel because of their optimal image quality and movement capacities [22 (link), 23 (link)]. The latter allowed for the required standardization of the scan position. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head-and-neck region was performed to generate high-quality BP delineations that were anatomically validated by dissection. These anatomically validated, MRI-based, BP delineations were then rigidly fused to the corresponding CT to obtain BP gold standard delineations that were applicable to the radiation therapy planning system. A detailed description was provided by Van de Velde et al. [24 (link)]. This study was approved by the ethics committee of University Hospital Ghent (reference number: B67020142069), and was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.
For image registration and label fusion, the ADMIRE® software 1.10.02 (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) was used. ADMIRE® performs the segmentation of a novel subject image (here called ‘patient’) by using multiple pre-segmented images, which are also known as ‘atlases’. The ‘General’ algorithm in ADMIRE® is used for the initial deformable image registration [18 ]. This image registration framework consists of three major steps: a linear registration and two non-linear registration steps. With each step the number of degrees of freedom increases, and is used to provide initialization for the next step.
For label fusion, 2 different algorithms in ADMIRE® are compared: the STAPLE label fusion [16 (link)] and Patch label fusion [17 (link)]. The STAPLE algorithm works with a statistical framework that simultaneously estimates the underlying ‘truth’ segmentation and the accuracy of each individual atlas [18 ]. It ignores the image data and uses only the segmentations when computing the label fusion. In contrast, the Patch algorithm considers the accuracy of the initial image registration by comparing the intensity similarity between the atlas and the patient after being aligned, to get better label fusion results. This process, is called ‘intensity weighting’.
Van de Velde J., Wouters J., Vercauteren T., De Gersem W., Achten E., De Neve W, & Van Hoof T. (2016). Optimal number of atlases and label fusion for automatic multi-atlas-based brachial plexus contouring in radiotherapy treatment planning. Radiation Oncology (London, England), 11, 1.
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Publication 2016
Cadaver Dissection Ethics Committees, Clinical Gender Gold Head Movement Neck Patients Radionuclide Imaging Radiotherapy Staple, Surgical

Most recents protocols related to «Cadaver»

1
Skin Flux Assay with Human Epidermis
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

(Test 4) A skin flux assay was performed using a vertical Franz diffusion cell having a diffusion area of 0.64 cm2 and a volume of 7.5 mL. The assay was conducted at 32° C. with continuous stirring. Heat-separated human cadaver epidermis was used in the assay, the epidermis being stored at −20° C. after the heat stripping procedure. The human epidermis was thawed prior to being mounted on the diffusion cell. A test compound was applied on the skin, and the diffusion cell was closed by screw-cap. At various time intervals, whole medium or receptor medium was replaced by fresh medium. Part of the collected medium was used to calculate the skin flux of the test compound. The skin flux of various test compounds was evaluated using human epidermis from different donors. N=4 replicates were performed for each test compound tested on human epidermis from a particular donor.

Results of the skin flux assay are shown in Table 1 above. For Table 1, the code for the average skin flux of the test compounds tested on human epidermis from a particular donor is:

+=low to moderate skin flux

++=medium skin flux

+++=high skin flux

++++=very high skin flux

US11866402B2. Treprostinil derivatives and compositions and uses thereof (2024-01-09). CORSAIR PHARMA, INC. [US]. Inventors: Xiaoming Zhang [US], Meenakshi S. Venkatraman [US], Cyrus K. Becker [US].
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Patent 2024
Biological Assay Cadaver Cells derivatives Diffusion Donors Epidermis Homo sapiens Skin Test, Skin Tissue Donors treprostinil
2
Comprehensive Surgical Training Evaluation
When we extracted all CST and R&D programs listed in the training curriculum of operations on the Board Certification of Surgery of the JSS, including acute care surgery, implemented by the departments of surgery, emergency medicine, and ICU, 292 programs were included. Data were summarized by year and included classification of the field of surgery and organs, classification of the purpose of implementation, number of times each program was implemented, number of cadavers used and the methods of embalming, total costs, participation fees, and cooperation by companies. The deadlines for submission of the reports were in July of each year, and the implementations in the previous fiscal years (April to next March) were reported. Therefore, the data shown in 2021 were aggregate results from January to March, 2021.
Shichinohe T., Date H., Hatano E., Kobayashi E., Hiramatsu M., Hirano S., Izawa Y, & Shirakawa Y. (2023). Cadaver surgical training and research using donated cadavers in the field of surgery in Japan: an overview of reports from 2012 to 2021. Surgery Today.
Publication 2023
Cadaver Operative Surgical Procedures
3
Isolation of Bone RNA from Osteoarthritic and Osteoporotic Samples
Bone samples from patients were obtained after total knee/hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritic and osteoporotic conditions. Healthy bone was from cadavers. Both healthy and pathological bone samples were comparable in terms of age and sex. The Ethics Committee for Research at Santiago-Lugo Area approved the protocol. Informed consent was obtained from all patients or patients’ families. Clinical data regarding weight and height was obtained from the clinical records, where available. BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2.
To isolate bone RNA, bone explants were obtained assuring only trabecular bone was processed, thus without fat, cartilage, nor other fibroblastic or stromal tissues. Bone was repeatedly washed with Phosphate Buffered Saline until clean, frozen to − 80 ºC, and pulverised using a CellCrusher (Cellcrusher, Co. Cork, Ireland) following the manufacturer instructions. Per each 500 µl of bone powder, 1 ml of TriReagent was added to perform RNA extraction.
Gómez R., Barter M.J., Alonso-Pérez A., Skelton A.J., Proctor C., Herrero-Beaumont G, & Young D.A. (2023). DNA methylation analysis identifies key transcription factors involved in mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Biological Research, 56, 9.
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Publication 2023
Bones Cadaver Cancellous Bone Cartilage Ethics Committees, Research Fibroblasts Freezing Knee Patients Phosphates Powder Saline Solution Tissues Total Hip Arthroplasty
4
Median Nerve Segment Preparation for MRI
A segment of the median nerve was obtained from the proximal upper arm of five fresh cadavers, less than 24 h postmortem. The cadavers were donated for research and educational purposes to the Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, through a willed cadaver donation program. Each nerve was cut into a 9 mm long segment, had carefully removed the surrounding connective tissue, and inserted in a 10-mm-diameter glass tube. To prevent sample dehydration, the glass tube was filled with perfluorinated liquid, Galden SV90 from Solvay (Brussels, Belgium), which does not produce any detectable MRI signal (Awais et al., 2022 (link)). The study was approved by the National Medical Ethics Committee of the Republic of Slovenia (Permit No: 0120–239/2020/3).
Pušnik L., Serša I., Umek N., Cvetko E, & Snoj Ž. (2023). Correlation between diffusion tensor indices and fascicular morphometric parameters of peripheral nerve. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1070227.
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Publication 2023
Arm, Upper Autopsy Cadaver Connective Tissue Dehydration Ethics Committees Faculty, Medical Nerves, Median Nervousness
5
Fetal and Elderly Wrist and Ankle Anatomy
This study was performed in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki 1995 (as revised in 2013). The unilateral wrists and ankles of 16 late-term fetuses of gestational age 30–40 weeks and crown-rump length 255–325 mm had been cut into semiserial sections of 200–300 micron intervals and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as described [5 (link), 8 (link)]. The sectional plane was sagittal in four wrists and ten ankles, frontal in six wrists and horizontal in six wrists and six ankles.
All fetuses were part of the collection of the Department of Anatomy, Akita University and had been donated by their families to the Department in 1975–1985 and preserved in 10% w/w neutral formalin solution for more than 30 years. Data on these specimens included the date of donation and the number of gestational weeks, but did not include the name of the family, obstetrician or hospital or the reason for abortion. The use of these specimens for research was approved by the Akita University Ethics Committee (No. 1428). Dr. Hiroshi Abe, Emeritus Professor at Akita University, kindly permitted us to use these materials. Before routine procedures for embedding in paraffin, the fetal limb specimens were decalcified by incubation at room temperature in Plank-Rychlo solution (AlCl2/6H2O, 7.0 w/v%; HCl, 3.6 w/v%; HCOOH, 4.6 w/v%) for 3–7 days. Most photographs for histology were taken with a Nikon Eclipse 80 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan), whereas photographs at ultra-low magnification (objective lens less than ×1) were obtained using a high-grade flat scanner with translucent illumination (Epson scanner GTX970; Epson, Tokyo, Japan).
Unilateral wrists and ankles were dissected from the cadavers of 15 elderly individuals, mean age 82 years (range, 75–97 years) at time of death. All cadavers had been donated to Tokyo Dental College for research and education on human anatomy, and had been fixed by arterial perfusion of 10% v/v formalin solution and stored in 50% v/v ethanol solution for more than 3 months. The use of cadavers for research was approved by the ethics committee of Tokyo Dental College (No. 932). The cause of death in all individuals was ischemic disease of the heart or brain. For dissection, the carpal tunnel and extensor tendon sheathes at the wrist was opened and the retinaculum at the ankle was removed to expose long tendons of the flexor and fibular muscles. After labeling the joint surfaces, photographs were taken of the wrist and ankle tendons. Deep flexor tendons were visualized after cutting and retraction of the superficial tendons.
Wang S., Hayashi S., Jin Z.W., Kim J.H., Yamamoto M., Murakami G, & Abe S. (2023). Distally-extending muscle fibers across involved joints: study of long muscles and tendons of wrist and ankle in late-term fetuses and adult cadavers. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 56(1), 46-53.
Publication 2023
Aged Ankle Arteries Brain Cadaver Carpal Bones Dental Health Services Dissection Eosin Ethanol Ethics Committees Fetus Fibula Formalin Gestational Age Heart Diseases Homo sapiens Induced Abortions Joints Joints, Ankle Lens, Crystalline Lighting Muscle Tissue Obstetrician Paraffin Parts, Body Perfusion Tendons University Professor Wrist

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