> Anatomy > Body Location or Region > Left Colic Flexure

Left Colic Flexure

The left colic flexure, also known as the splenic flexure, is the sharp bend in the colon where the descending colon transitions into the transverse colon.
It is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, near the spleen.
This anatomical structure plays a crucial role in the digestive system, facilitating the passage of digested food from the small intestine to the rectum.
Understanding the left colic flexure is important for healthcare professionals when diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, such as diverticulitis, bowel obstructions, and colorectal cancer.
Optimizing research protocols and identifying the best products for studying the left colic flexure can help advance our understanding of its function and clinical relevance.

Most cited protocols related to «Left Colic Flexure»

Standardizing Bowel Preparation Evaluation

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Publication 2009

Bohring syndrome Cecum Colon Colon, Ascending Colon, Descending Colonoscopy Endoscopy Feces Intestines Left Colic Flexure Mucous Membrane Rectum Sigmoid Colon Transverse Colon Vision

Comprehensive Colorectal Cancer Cohort Study

We utilized the database of two independent, prospective cohort studies; the Nurses’ Health Study (N=121,701 women followed since 1976), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (N=51,529 men followed since 1986).[27 (link), 28 (link)] Every 2 years, participantshave been sent follow-up questionnaires to update informationon potential risk factors and to identify newly diagnosed cancers in themselves and their first degree relatives. In addition, we searched the National Death Index for those who died of colorectal cancer. Our study physicians reviewed medical records and obtained information on disease stage and tumor location (rectum, rectosigmoid, sigmoid colon, descending colon, splenic flexure, transverse colon, hepatic flexure, ascending colon, and cecum). We collected paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from hospitals where patients underwent tumor resections. We collected diagnostic biopsy specimens for rectal cancer patients who received preoperative treatment, in order to avoid artifacts or bias introduced by treatment. Based on availability of adequate tissue specimens and follow-up data, a total of 1443 colorectal cancer cases (diagnosed up to 2006) were included (Tables 1–2). Among our cohort studies, there was no significant difference in demographic features between cases with tissue available and those without available tissue.[27 (link)] This current study represents a new analysis of tumor molecular features along the detailed bowel subsites on the existing colorectal cancer database that has been previously characterized for CIMP, MSI, LINE-1 methylation and BRAF and KRAS mutations.[29 (link), 30 (link)] Informed consent was obtained from all study subjects. This study was approved by the Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham and Women’s Hospital Institutional Review Boards.

Yamauchi M., Morikawa T., Kuchiba A., Imamura Y., Qian Z.R., Nishihara R., Liao X., Waldron L., Hoshida Y., Huttenhower C., Chan A.T., Giovannucci E., Fuchs C.S, & Ogino S. (2012). Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Molecular Features along Bowel Subsites Challenges the Conception of Distinct Dichotomy of Proximal vs. Distal Colorectum. Gut, 61(6), 847-854.

Publication 2011

Biopsy BRAF protein, human Cardiac Arrest Cecum Colic Flexure, Right Colon, Ascending Colon, Descending Colorectal Carcinoma Ethics Committees, Research Health Personnel Inpatient Intestinal Cancer K-ras Genes Left Colic Flexure LINE-1 Elements Malignant Neoplasms Methylation Mutation Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Nurses Paraffin Patients Physicians Rectal Cancer Rectum Sigmoid Colon Tissues Transverse Colon Woman

Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial

A total of 154,900 men and women 55 to 74 years of age were enrolled from 1993 through 2001; they provided written informed consent and completed baseline questionnaires. The primary exclusion criteria were a history of prostate, lung, colorectal, or ovarian cancer; ongoing treatment for any type of cancer except basal-cell or squamous-cell skin cancer; and, beginning in 1995, assessment by means of a lower endoscopic procedure (flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or barium enema examination) in the previous 3 years. Further details, including data on recruitment through mass mailing, have been reported previously.^{15 (link),16 (link)} Randomization was performed in blocks stratified according to screening center, age, and sex. The study was sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. All the authors vouch for the accuracy of the data and the fidelity of the study to the protocol. The protocol and statistical analysis plan are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Participants in the intervention group were offered flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and at 3 years (for those who underwent randomization before April 1995) or at 5 years. Repeat screening in persons who received a diagnosis of colorectal cancer or adenoma after the initial screening was discouraged but did occur^{14 (link)} (see Fig. S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available at NEJM.org). Physicians and nurse examiners followed standardized procedures for flexible sigmoidoscopic examinations. An examination was considered to be positive if a polyp or mass was detected. Biopsies were not routinely performed. Participants were referred to their primary care physicians for decisions regarding diagnostic follow-up. Medical records related to follow-up, a diagnosis of cancer, and cancer complications were collected.
Death from colorectal cancer was the primary end point. Secondary end points included colorectal-cancer incidence, cancer stage, survival, harms of screening, and all-cause mortality. All cancers and deaths were ascertained primarily by means of a mailed Annual Study Update questionnaire. Participants who did not return questionnaires were contacted by repeat mailing or telephone. Cancer incidence, stage, and location were verified from medical records.¹⁷ Information on vital status was supplemented by periodic linkage to the National Death Index. Deaths that were potentially related to prostate, lung, colorectal, or ovarian cancer were reviewed in a blinded fashion, in an end-point adjudication process.^{18 (link)} Colorectal-cancer deaths included deaths due to colorectal cancer and those due to its treatment. Carcinoid tumors were included as colorectal-cancer cases. Cancers located in the rectum through the splenic flexure were defined as distal, and those in the transverse colon through the cecum were defined as proximal. A screening-detected cancer was defined as a colorectal cancer diagnosed within 1 year after a positive flexible sigmoidoscopic examination.

Schoen R.E., Pinsky P.F., Weissfeld J.L., Yokochi L.A., Church T., Laiyemo A.O., Bresalier R., Andriole G.L., Buys S.S., Crawford E.D., Fouad M.N., Isaacs C., Johnson C.C., Reding D.J., O'Brien B., Carrick D.M., Wright P., Riley T.L., Purdue M.P., Izmirlian G., Kramer B.S., Miller A.B., Gohagan J.K., Prorok P.C, & Berg C.D. (2012). Colorectal-Cancer Incidence and Mortality with Screening Flexible Sigmoidoscopy. The New England journal of medicine, 366(25), 2345-2357.

Publication 2012

Adenoma Barium Enema Biopsy Cancer Screening Carcinoid Tumor Cecum Cells Colonoscopy Colorectal Carcinoma Endoscopy Left Colic Flexure Lung Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Nurses Ovarian Cancer Physical Examination Physicians Polyps Primary Care Physicians Proctosigmoidoscopy Prostate Rectum Sigmoidoscopes Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Staging, Cancer Transverse Colon Woman

Colonic Volume Measurement in IBS-D

Individual regional colon volumes were manually segmented by SEP from the coronal data on each image slice using Analyze9™ software (Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA). The data analysis was not blinded toward the groups. Regional boundaries commenced at cecum (ascending) and were fixed in a coronal plane at the superior point of the hepatic flexure (ascending to transverse) and splenic flexure (transverse to descending), and terminated at the sagittal plane of commencement of sigmoid colon where the descending colon deviates posteriorly or medially. Each colon region was identified within each coronal image slice, building a 3D representation of the morphology from which the volume of each region was measured. Where anatomy was ambiguous information from axial data guided the definition of the regions. The time series for each individual was expressed as percentage changes from fasting baseline. The % change values at each time point were then averaged and plotted.
The primary endpoint was the regional colonic volumes for which there was no previous data on which to power this study. However, given the SD of 190 mL for total colonic volume in HV, we calculate that we had an 80% power to detect a difference of 124 mL between IBS-D and controls which represents a moderate effect size of 0.65.
The data are expressed as mean ± SD (with the range indicated in brackets). Statistical analysis was carried out using Prism 5 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA). Normality of the data was checked using D'Agostino Pearson's normality test. Comparisons within group were performed using two-tailed Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed rank test. Comparisons between groups for non-normal data were performed using Mann–Whitney rank sum test. Two-way anova was used to assess the significance of differences in normally distributed data. Possible correlations of the fasted colonic volumes and subjects’ age, weight, and BMI were assessed using Spearman non-parametric correlation analysis. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Pritchard S.E., Marciani L., Garsed K.C., Hoad C.L., Thongborisute W., Roberts E., Gowland P.A, & Spiller R.C. (2013). Fasting and postprandial volumes of the undisturbed colon: normal values and changes in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome measured using serial MRI. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(1), 124-130.

Publication 2013

Cecum Colon Colon, Ascending Colon, Descending Left Colic Flexure neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human prisma Sigmoid Colon

Assessing Bowel Preparation Using BBPS

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Publication 2010

Cecum Colon Colon, Ascending Colon, Descending Colonoscopy Intestines Left Colic Flexure Rectum Sigmoid Colon Teaching

Most recents protocols related to «Left Colic Flexure»

Examining Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data (TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ datasets) and NCBI GEO (GSE190826 dataset) were used to examine the expression of SPP1, S100A4 and SPARC and to perform survival analysis in colorectal cancer patients. TCGA data included information about SPP1, S100A4 and SPARC expression, that was evaluated in the following groups of patients: a) with colorectal cancer (common group) (N=417), b) with colon cancer, including transverse colon, ascending colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, cecum, hepatic flexure, splenic flexure (n=305), c) with rectal cancer, including rectosigmoid junction and rectum (N=112), with available clinical information and records on recurrence and survival rates (in details in Supplementary Table S1). Patients with advanced stage IV were excluded. GSE190826 dataset included 92 patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT); information about pre-treatment levels of SPP1, S100A4 and SPARC mRNA expression was obtained. The TCGA biolinks was used for retrieving RNA-seq data from the GDC database. The raw sequencing reads were processed via the DESeq2 R package. The raw counts were depth normalized and variance stabilized via the variance stabilizing transformation (VST) for downstream survival analysis.

Kazakova E., Rakina M., Sudarskikh T., Iamshchikov P., Tarasova A., Tashireva L., Afanasiev S., Dobrodeev A., Zhuikova L., Cherdyntseva N., Kzhyshkowska J, & Larionova I. (2023). Angiogenesis regulators S100A4, SPARC and SPP1 correlate with macrophage infiltration and are prognostic biomarkers in colon and rectal cancers. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1058337.

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Publication 2023

Cancer of Colon Cecum Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Colic Flexure, Right Colon, Ascending Colon, Descending Colorectal Carcinoma Genome Left Colic Flexure Malignant Neoplasms Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Patients Rectal Cancer Rectum Recurrence RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq Sigmoid Colon SPARC protein, human SPP1 protein, human Transverse Colon

Retrospective Study of mCRC Patients

Patients with RAS and BRAF wt mCRC, treated with R or T versus anti-EGFR-based treatment in third-line, were retrospectively included in the study. Patients were enrolled by four Italian Medical Oncology Units (Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola, Rome; Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome; Ospedale F. Spaziani - ASL Frosinone)
Patients had to have received two prior regimens of standard chemotherapy (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluoropyrimidine) for metastatic disease. Previous treatments could include bevacizumab. Patients who received cetuximab and/or panitumumab in first- or second-line were excluded from the anti-EGFR group; on the contrary, they could be enrolled in the R/T group. Prior therapy with R or T was not allowed.
The R-sided tumor was defined as cancer from the cecum to the transverse colon, L-sided tumor was defined as cancer from the splenic flexure to the rectum. For each patient we collected the following available variables: baseline ECOG performance status (PS), gender, age, synchronous vs metachronous disease, previous anticancer treatments, and number of metastatic sites (single vs multiple).

Salvatore L., Bensi M., Vivolo R., Zurlo I.V., Dell’Aquila E., Grande R., Anghelone A., Emiliani A., Citarella F., Calegari M.A., Ribelli M., Basso M., Pozzo C, & Tortora G. (2023). Efficacy of third-line anti-EGFR-based treatment versus regorafenib or trifluridine/tipiracil according to primary tumor site in RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1125013.

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Publication 2023

Bevacizumab BRAF protein, human Cecum Cetuximab EGFR protein, human Electrocorticography Gender Irinotecan Left Colic Flexure Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms Oxaliplatin Panitumumab Patients Pharmacotherapy Rectum Transverse Colon Treatment Protocols

Clinicopathological Factors in Colorectal Cancer

In this study, demographic information (age and gender) and the characteristics of cancer (primary location, histological type, histological grade, AJCC TNM stage, LNR, and LODDS) were considered. Age was categorized into three levels following a previous study [24 (link)]: <45, 45–60, and >60 years. The information from the primary site was recoded on the basis of the second edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O‐2). The primary site was divided into the right colon (from the cecum to the transverse colon, but the appendix was excluded), the left colon (from the splenic flexure, descending to the sigmoid colon), and the rectum (rectosigmoid junction and rectum). Histologic codes 8140–8389 were identified as adenocarcinoma, 8480–8481 were defined as mucinous adenocarcinoma/mucin-producing adenocarcinoma (AM/MPA), and 8490 were defined as signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). The histologic codes were coded on the basis of ICD‐O‐2. Poorly differentiated cancer was defined as histological grade III, and undifferentiated cancer was defined as histological grade IV. NLNs were calculated using the following formula: NLNs = ELNs − PLNs. The value of LNR in every case was calculated in accordance with the formula LNR = PLNs/ELNs [15 (link)–18 (link)]. The value of LODDS in every case was calculated as follows: LODDS = log ((PLNs + 0.5)/(NLNs + 0.5)) [20 (link)]. The cutoff values of LNR, ELNs, and NLNs were decided on the basis of the Kaplan–Meier method. On the basis of these cutoff values, LNR, ELNs, and NLNs were divided into two subgroups. LODDS was divided into three levels following Lee et al. [25 (link)]: <−1.3222, from −1.3222 to −0.5863, and >−0.5863. Survival months were calculated as survival months = FLOOR ((endpoint − date)/days in a month)), as defined in the SEER database (details could be acquired at website: https://seer.cancer.gov/survivaltime). OS refers to the time from the day of diagnosis to the day of death.

Yang J., Jin W., Lin Z, & Li S. (2023). New Personal Model for Forecasting the Outcome of Patients with Histological Grade III-IV Colorectal Cancer Based on Regional Lymph Nodes. Journal of Oncology, 2023, 6980548.

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Publication 2023

Adenocarcinoma Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell Cecum Colon Diagnosis ELN protein, human Left Colic Flexure Malignant Neoplasms Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Neoplasms Rectum Sigmoid Colon Transverse Colon Undifferentiated Carcinoma

EPIC Cohort Metabolomics Study on Colorectal Cancer

The EPIC cohort includes over 520,000 individuals who were recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 23 study centers across 10 European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the UK). Participants were 35-70 years of age at recruitment, and approximately 70% of the cohort are women. The study design has been previously described [22 (link), 23 (link)]. In brief, extensive questionnaire data on dietary and lifestyle variables were collected at baseline, and approximately 75% of individuals provided non-fasting blood samples.
Incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified through record linkage with regional cancer registries or via a combination of methods, such as the use of health insurance records, contacts with cancer and pathology registries, and active follow-up through participants and their next of kin. Colorectal cancer was defined using the tenth edition of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) and the second edition of the International Classification of Disease for Oncology (ICD-O-2). Proximal colon cancers included those found within the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, and splenic flexure (C18.0 and C18.2–18.5). Distal colon cancers included those found within the descending (C18.6) and sigmoid (C18.7) colon. Overlapping (C18.8) and unspecified (C18.9) lesions of the colon were classed as colon cancers only. Cancer of the rectum included cancers occurring at the recto-sigmoid junction (C19) and rectum (C20).
The current study employed a fasted subset of EPIC data, obtained from two separate metabolomics studies on colorectal cancer, as a discovery cohort. Samples were analyzed using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ^TM p180 kit (467 cases and 467 matched controls) and the p150 kit (1141 cases and 1141 controls). Combining these studies and then excluding non-fasting participants resulted in a final combined sample of 654 fasted cases and 654 controls, of which 354 case-control pairs were analyzed using the p180 kit. Controls were selected using incidence density sampling from all cohort members who were alive and free of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer) at the time of diagnosis of the colorectal cancer cases. Controls were matched to cases on age at recruitment (within 6 months), sex, study center, follow-up time since blood collection, time of day at blood collection (within 4 h), and fasting status. Women were further matched on menopausal status (pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal) and, in pre-menopausal women, phase of menstrual cycle at blood collection. Approval for the study was obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and local center review boards. All participants provided written informed consent.

Rothwell J.A., Bešević J., Dimou N., Breeur M., Murphy N., Jenab M., Wedekind R., Viallon V., Ferrari P., Achaintre D., Gicquiau A., Rinaldi S., Scalbert A., Huybrechts I., Prehn C., Adamski J., Cross A.J., Keun H., Chadeau-Hyam M., Boutron-Ruault M.C., Overvad K., Dahm C.C., Nøst T.H., Sandanger T.M., Skeie G., Zamora-Ros R., Tsilidis K.K., Eichelmann F., Schulze M.B., van Guelpen B., Vidman L., Sánchez M.J., Amiano P., Ardanaz E., Smith-Byrne K., Travis R., Katzke V., Kaaks R., Derksen J.W., Colorado-Yohar S., Tumino R., Bueno-de-Mesquita B., Vineis P., Palli D., Pasanisi F., Eriksen A.K., Tjønneland A., Severi G, & Gunter M.J. (2023). Circulating amino acid levels and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and UK Biobank cohorts. BMC Medicine, 21, 80.

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Publication 2023

BLOOD Cancer of Colon Cecum Colic Flexure, Right Colon Colon, Ascending Colorectal Carcinoma Diagnosis Diet Elp1 protein, human Europeans Familial Atypical Mole-Malignant Melanoma Syndrome Health Insurance Left Colic Flexure Malignant Neoplasms Menopause Menstrual Cycle Neoplasms Postmenopause Premenopause Rectal Cancer Rectum Sigmoid Colon Transverse Colon Woman

Endoscopic Polyp Characteristics and Procedure Outcomes

Patient characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical records. Information on lesion characteristics (size, location, Paris classification, circumferential involvement) and procedural parameters (access to the polyp, intraprocedural bleeding, duration) were extracted from standardized endoscopy reports. The difficulty of the procedure (easy/moderate/difficult) was subjectively assessed by the performing endoscopist. Histological parameters were extracted from pathology reports. The proximal colon was defined as any lesion proximal to (and including) the splenic flexure. The distal colon was defined as the sigmoid and descending colon.

Haasnoot K.J., Baldaque-Silva F., Koch A., Figueiredo Ferreira M., Santos-Antunes J., Dias E., Omae M., van Tilburg L., Dang H., Lemmers A., Boonstra J.J, & Moons L.M. (2023). Low risk of local recurrence after a successful en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection for noninvasive colorectal lesions with positive horizontal resection margins (R-ESD study). Endoscopy, 55(3), 245-251.

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Publication 2023

Colon Colon, Descending Endoscopy Left Colic Flexure Patients Polyps Sigmoid Colon

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What are some common challenges in studying the left colic flexure?

Studying the left colic flexure can present several challenges for researchers. The sharp bend in the colon can make it difficult to accurately visualize and analyze using imaging techniques. Additionally, the proximity to the spleen and other abdominal structures can complicate surgical or endoscopic procedures targeting this anatomical region. Proper positioning and advanced imaging modalities are often required to effectively investigate the left colic flexure and its role in gastrointestinal function.

How can PubCompare.ai help optimize research on the left colic flexure?

PubCompare.ai can be a valuable tool for researchers studying the left colic flexure. The platform's AI-driven protocol comparisons allow you to efficiently screen the literature and identify the most effective protocols related to the left colic flexure. By leveraging the platform's critical insights, you can pinpoint key differences in protocol effectiveness and choose the best approach for your specific research goals, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy. This can be particularly helpful when navigating the complexities of studying the anatomical structure and its clinical relevance.

Are there different variations or types of the left colic flexure that researchers should be aware of?

Yes, there are some variations in the anatomy and positioning of the left colic flexure that researchers should be aware of. In some individuals, the flexure may be more acute or sharper, while in others, it may be more gradual or rounded. Additionally, the location of the flexure within the abdomen can vary, with it sometimes being positioned higher or lower than the typical upper left quadrant location. These anatomical differences can impact the visualization and study of the left colic flexure, so researchers should be mindful of these variatons when designing their protocols and interpreting their findings.

How can the left colic flexure be relevant in specific clinical applications?

The left colic flexure plays a crucial role in various clinical applications. For example, in the diagnosis and management of diverticulitis, understanding the anatomy and function of the left colic flexure can help healthcare providers identify the source of inflammation and guide treatment. Similarly, bowel obstrcutions and colorectal cancers originating near the left colic flexure may require specialized surgical or endoscopic approaches to effectively address the issue. Reseachers investigating these gastrointestinal conditions can leverage PubCompare.ai to identify the most effective protocols for studying the left colic flexre and its clinical relevance.

Are there any unique considerations or best practices for studying the left colic flexure using PubCompare.ai?

When using PubCompare.ai to optimize research on the left colic flexure, there are a few unique considerations to keep in mind. First, given the complex anatomy and location of the flexure, researchers should pay close attention to the imaging and visualization techniques highlighted in the protocol comparisons. Secondly, becaus the left colic flexure is involved in various gastrointestinal conditions, it's important to carefully review protocols that address the specific clinical application of interest. Finally, be sure to leverage PubCompare.ai's critical insights to identify any nuanced differences in protocol effectiveness that could impact the reproducibility and accuracy of your research on the left colic flexure.

More about "Left Colic Flexure"

The left colic flexure, also known as the splenic flexure, is a crucial anatomical structure in the human digestive system.
This sharp bend in the colon, where the descending colon transitions into the transverse colon, is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen near the spleen.
Understanding the function and clinical relevance of the left colic flexure is essential for healthcare professionals when diagnosing and treating various gastrointestinal conditions, such as diverticulitis, bowel obstructions, and colorectal cancer.
Researchers studying the left colic flexure may utilize a variety of techniques and tools to optimize their research protocols.
For example, the Da Vinci Surgical System and the Nathanson liver retractor can be used to examine the anatomy and function of the left colic flexure during surgical procedures.
Paraffin-embedded tissue samples, stained with Masson's trichrome, can provide valuable insights into the histological structure of this anatomical feature.
Additionally, imaging technologies like the CF-H260AI and CF-Q260 cameras can capture high-resolution images of the left colic flexure, while the CF-240I thermal imaging camera can detect temperature changes that may be associated with various pathological conditions.
The left colic flexure, also referred to as the splenic flexure or the colonic flexure, plays a crucial role in the digestive process by facilitating the passage of digested food from the small intestine to the rectum.
Optimizing research protocols and identifying the best products for studying this anatomical structure can help advance our understanding of its function and clinical relevance.
By leveraging the insights gained from MeSH term descriptions and the power of tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can elevate their research reproducibility and efficiency, ultimately contributing to the advancement of our knowledge in the field of gastroenterology.
OtherTerms: splenic flexure, colonic flexure, digestive system, gastrointestinal tract, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, colorectal cancer, paraffin-embedded, Masson's trichrome, Da Vinci Surgical System, Nathanson liver retractor, CF-H260AI, CF-Q260, CF-240I, SPSS for Windows