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> Anatomy > Body Location or Region > Mediastinum

Mediastinum

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, containing a variety of important structures, including the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, and other connective tissues.
Diseases and conditions affecting the mediastinum can have serious implications, making accurate diagnosis and effective treatment crucial.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can assist researchers by locating relevant protocols from literature, pre-prings, and patents, and providing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This can enhance reproducibility and accuracy in mediastinum studies, supporting advancements in this critical area of research and clinical practice.

Most cited protocols related to «Mediastinum»

1
Survival Analysis in Nuclear Cardiology
Cited 74 times
In comparing the survival distributions of two or more groups (for example, new therapy vs standard of care), Kaplan-Meier estimation1 and the log-rank test2 are the basic statistical methods of analyses. These are non-parametric methods in that no mathematical form of the survival distributions is assumed. If an investigator is interested in quantifying or investigating the effects of known covariates (e.g., age or race) or predictor variables (e.g., blood pressure), regression models are utilized. As in the conventional linear regression models, survival regression models allow for the quantification of the effect on survival of a set of predictors, the interaction of two predictors, or the effect of a new predictor above and beyond other covariates.
Among the available survival regression models, the Cox proportional hazards model developed by Sir David Cox3 has seen great use in epidemiological and medical studies, and the field of nuclear cardiology is no exception. What follows are some examples of Cox models being used in nuclear cardiology. Xu et al4 (link) looked at how myocardial scarring (assessed with positron emission tomography [PET] or single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]) and other demographic and medical history factors predicted mortality in patients with advanced heart failure who received cardiac resynchronization therapy. Bourque et al5 (link) looked at how left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, assessed with angiography) and nuclear summed rest score (SRS, assessed with SPECT) interacted to change the risk of mortality. Hachamovitch and Berman6 (link) looked at the incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) parameters in the prediction of sudden cardiac death. Nakata et al7 (link) looked at how the heart-to-mediastinum ratio (assessed with metaiodobenzylguanidine [MIBG] imaging) predicted cardiac death.
Survival models other than the Cox model have been used in nuclear cardiology as well. For example, in a study of diagnosis strategies for quantifying myocardial perfusion with SPECT, Duvall et al8 (link) utilized a log-normal survival model, a member of the parametric family of regression survival models, since initial data exploration revealed that the proportional hazards assumption of the Cox model was invalid. While this is an excellent example of when to utilize other survival models, it has been more common to see such data presented in conjunction with a Cox model analysis. In earlier studies of MPS-derived predictors of cardiac events, Hachamovitch et al9 (link) used Cox models to identify significant predictors and parametric models, specifically the accelerated failure time (AFT) model, to make estimates of the time to certain percentiles of survival. An identical analysis strategy was used by the research group comprised of Cuocolo, Acampa, Petretta, Daniele et al10 (link)–13 (link) in their research of the impact of various SPECT-derived predictors on the occurrence of cardiac events.
George B., Seals S, & Aban I. (2014). Survival analysis and regression models. Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, 21(4), 686-694.
Publication 2014
3-Iodobenzylguanidine Angiography Blood Pressure Cardiac Death Cardiac Events Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Cardiovascular System Family Member Heart Heart Failure Mediastinum Myocardium Patients Perfusion Positron-Emission Tomography Sudden Cardiac Death Tests, Diagnostic Therapeutics Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon Ventricular Ejection Fraction
2
Chest CT Imaging Protocol for Research
Cited 26 times
Chest CT scans were performed using a single inspiratory phase in two commercial multi-detector CT scanners (Philips Ingenuity Core 128, Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands; SOMATOM Definition AS, Siemens Healthineers, Germany). To minimize motion artifacts, patients were instructed on breath-holding; CT images were then acquired during a single breath-hold. For CT acquisition, the tube voltage was 120kVp with automatic tube current modulation. From the raw data, CT images were reconstructed with a matrix size of 512 ×512 as axial images (thickness of 1.5mm and increment of 1.5mm) in transverse slice orientation with either hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose level 5, Philips Medical Systems, Netherlands) or a pulmonary B70F kernel and a mediastinal B30f kernel (Siemens Healthineers, Germany). The mean CTDIvol was 8.4 ±2.0 mGy (range: 5.2-12.6 mGy).
Pan F., Ye T., Sun P., Gui S., Liang B., Li L., Zheng D., Wang J., Hesketh R.L., Yang L, & Zheng C. (2020). Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Radiology.
Publication 2020
CAT SCANNERS X RAY Chest Hybrids idose Inhalation Lung Mediastinum Patients Reconstructive Surgical Procedures X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Isolation of Mouse Lung Cells
Cited 18 times
Mice were treated with 50ul of 1000U/ml s.c. heparin, and then euthanized with Isoflurane. The chest cavity was opened, the left atrium nicked, and the lungs perfused with 10ml of PBS through the right atrium. The trachea was then exposed, a small incision was made at its top, and an 18 gauge angiocath was inserted and secured. Lung was inflated with digestion solution containing 1.5mg/ml of Collagenase A (Roche) and 0.4mg/ml DNaseI (Roche) in HBSS plus 5% fetal bovine serum and 10mM HEPES. Trachea was tied off with 2.0 sutures. The heart and mediastinal tissues were carefully removed and the lung parenchyma placed in 5ml of digestion solution and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes with gently vortexing every 8–10 minutes. Upon completion of digestion, 25ml of PBS was added; and the samples were vortexed at maximal speed for 30 seconds. The resulting cell suspensions were strained through a 70um cell strainer and treated with ACK RBC lysis solution.
Yu Y.R., O’Koren E.G., Hotten D.F., Kan M.J., Kopin D., Nelson E.R., Que L, & Gunn M.D. (2016). A Protocol for the Comprehensive Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells in Normal and Inflamed Murine Non-Lymphoid Tissues. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0150606.
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Publication 2016
Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Cells Collagenase Digestion Fetal Bovine Serum Heart Hemoglobin, Sickle Heparin HEPES Isoflurane Lung Mediastinum Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Sutures Thoracic Cavity Tissues Trachea
4
Visual and Automated Quantification of COVID-19 Lung Involvement
Cited 14 times
Visual scoring was performed independently by two Radiologists (DC and FCB) blinded to clinical data, respectively with 5 and 14 years of experience, respectively. The total extent of well aerated lung parenchyma expressed as percentage of total lung volume was estimated to the nearest 5%. Scores derived from three lung zones (the upper zone, above the level of the carina; the lower zone, below the level of the infrapulmonary vein; the middle zone between upper and lower zone) were averaged to produce a global percentage of well aerated lung parenchyma (%V-WAL) [9 , 10 ]. Consensus formulation for the visual scores was obtained as reported in the study by Cottin et al [11 (link)]. The 5% most divergent observations for CT parameters and instances of discordance over the categorical CT assessment were resolved by consensus. The mean of the observer values was used for the remaining CT parameters [11 (link)]. CT abnormalities pattern for diagnosis of COVID-19 were classified as defined in Table E1 (online): 1) typical; 2) indeterminate; 3) atypical [12 ]. The number of involved lobes (0-5) was registered. The prevalence in the upper, middle or lower zone as defined above, was recorded. The axial distribution was classified as peripheral (prevalent in the outer third of the lung) or central (predominant in the inner two-third). The distribution pattern was classified as diffuse when a clear predominant cranio-caudal or axial distribution was absent. Furthermore, the presence of mediastinal nodes enlargement (≥10 mm in short axis), pleural effusion, emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis was assessed. The presence of breathing artifact was also recorded.
The software-based evaluation of the well aerated lung parenchyma was performed on a dedicated workstation using the extension Chest Imaging Platform (Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory; Boston, Massachusetts, USA) of the open-source 3D Slicer software (version 4.10.2, https://www.slicer.org) [13 (link)]. A fully automatic lung segmentation and analysis of lung parenchyma histogram was obtained using B40f kernel (Figure 2). In case of unsatisfactory lung segmentation, the user amended the lung contours with a manual tool. The definition of normal lung by software segmentation (%S-WAL) was determined by density references from the literature, namely in the interval between -950 HU and -700 HU [14 (link), 15 ]. Furthermore, using the overall lung volume provided by software, the absolute volume of the well aerated lung (VOL-WAL) was calculated. The adipose tissue volume was calculated to assess obesity as a comorbidity and as a crude estimate of patient size (height and weight were not available). Adipose tissue volume and was estimated by density interval between -170HU and -40HU on a single slice at level of T7-T8 [16 (link)]. The time to accomplish the software-based processing and requirement of manual correction were recorded for each patient.
Colombi D., Bodini F.C., Petrini M., Maffi G., Morelli N., Milanese G., Silva M., Sverzellati N, & Michieletti E. (2020). Well-aerated Lung on Admitting Chest CT to Predict Adverse Outcome in COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology.
Publication 2020
Chest Congenital Abnormality COVID 19 Diagnosis Epistropheus Hypertrophy Lung Lung Volumes Mediastinum Obesity Patients Pleural Effusion Pulmonary Emphysema Pulmonary Fibrosis Radiologist Tissue, Adipose Veins
5
Comparative Analysis of PET Image Reconstruction Algorithms
Cited 14 times
PET images were reconstructed using three different algorithms, each of which used the CT scan for attenuation correction and the same normalisation correction factors with scatter and randoms corrected as has been previously described (19 ,20 ,21 ). The standard PET reconstruction algorithm used at our centre is ToF OSEM (VPFX, GE Healthcare), used with 2i, 24ss and 6.4mm filter. The sinograms generated at the time of scanning were retrospectively processed using a ToF OSEM PSF protocol (3i, 24ss, 2mm filter) and the new Q.Clear reconstruction algorithm for penalization factors (betas): 200, 300, 400 and 500.
Visual analyses of the OSEM, OSEM PSF, and Q.Clear PET images, six reconstructions per case, were performed by two consultants (designated Scorer 1 and 2 respectively) with double accreditation in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine, and 11 and 3 years consultant experience respectively. Images were viewed on a GE Advantage Workstation (AW4.6, GE Healthcare). The reconstructions were labelled A to F in a randomised order, with the CT component available for image fusion. Cases were reviewed sequentially, and the reconstructions were ranked (from 1 to 6) according to six image quality (IQ) parameters: overall IQ (1 – excellent, 5 – worst), background liver IQ (1 – excellent, 5 – worst), background mediastinum IQ (1 – excellent, 5 – worst), background marrow IQ (1 – excellent, 5 – worst), noise level (1 – minimal, 5 – unacceptable), and lesion detectability (1 – excellent, 5 – poor).
Scorers also indicated their most and least preferred reconstruction for each case. Inter-rater agreement on ranking within each of the six IQ parameters was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic. The proportions of the highest and lowest ranked reconstructions were calculated for each parameter. Alongside the highest frequencies of the most and least preferred reconstruction indicated by the scorers, scores by both scorers for all parameters across the cases were summated for each reconstruction to confirm this quantitatively.
Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA). Kappa values were interpreted using the guidelines laid out by Landis and Koch (22 (link)).
Teoh E.J., McGowan D.R., Macpherson R.E., Bradley K.M, & Gleeson F.V. (2015). Phantom and clinical evaluation of the Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction algorithm Q.Clear on an LYSO PET/CT system. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 56(9), 1447-1452.
Publication 2015
Consultant Hepatocyte Growth Factor Liver Marrow Mediastinum Radiography Radionuclide Imaging Reconstructive Surgical Procedures X-Ray Computed Tomography

Most recents protocols related to «Mediastinum»

1
Intranasal Influenza Virus Infection in Orai1/Orai3 Mice
Orai1/Orai3fl/fl Mb1-Cre/+ and Orai1/Orai3fl/fl (control) mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and infected intranasally (i.n.) with 105 TCID50 of the laboratory strain A/HK/x31 (x31-IAV) of the influenza A virus subtype H3N2. Lungs were isolated for histology. Mediastinal lymph nodes and bone marrow were used to prepare single-cell suspensions followed by flow cytometric analysis. Serum was harvested for analyzing virus-specific antibody titers.
Emrich S.M., Yoast R.E., Zhang X., Fike A.J., Wang Y.H., Bricker K.N., Tao A.Y., Xin P., Walter V., Johnson M.T., Pathak T., Straub A.C., Feske S., Rahman Z.S, & Trebak M. (2023). Orai3 and Orai1 mediate CRAC channel function and metabolic reprogramming in B cells. eLife, 12, e84708.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies, Viral Bone Marrow Cells Flow Cytometry Influenza A virus Isoflurane Lung Mediastinum Mus Nodes, Lymph Serum Strains
2
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Lymphoid Tissues
Single-cell suspensions of mediastinal lymph nodes (medLNs) and bone marrow were grounded and passed through 70 µm cell strainer (BD, 22-363-548). Cells were treated with ACK buffer for 3 min and then washed and spun at 800 g for 5 min, resuspended in RPMI medium plus 2% fetal bovine serum, and stained with antibodies as described below. Cells isolated from medLNs and bone marrow were counted with trypan blue, washed, and prepared for flow cytometry analysis in PBS containing 2% FBS and 2 mM EDTA. For surface staining, cells were stained with fluorescently labeled antibodies at 4°C for 15 min in the dark, followed by Live/Dead Blue (Invitrogen, Cat# L23105) staining following the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were acquired on an LSR Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar, versions 9.3.2 and 10.5.3.). The list of antibodies used is as follows: B220- BV510 (RA3-6B2, Biolegend), CD138-PE (281–2, Biolegend), CD95-BV421 (Jo2, BD Bioscience), GL-7-Alexa-Fluor647 (GL7, Biolegend), CD4-APC-Cy7 (GK1.5, Biolegend), and CD38-PE-Cy7 (T10, Biolegend).
Emrich S.M., Yoast R.E., Zhang X., Fike A.J., Wang Y.H., Bricker K.N., Tao A.Y., Xin P., Walter V., Johnson M.T., Pathak T., Straub A.C., Feske S., Rahman Z.S, & Trebak M. (2023). Orai3 and Orai1 mediate CRAC channel function and metabolic reprogramming in B cells. eLife, 12, e84708.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies Bone Marrow Buffers Cells Edetic Acid Flow Cytometry G-800 Mediastinum Nodes, Lymph SDC1 protein, human Trypan Blue
3
Tissue Preparation and Preservation Protocol
At the time of sacrifice, fresh tissues from the mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and kidneys were prepared for culture. The lungs were resected en-bloc and inspected visually for areas of inflammation. One lobe that appeared abnormal was isolated, tied off, and resected for culture. The remaining segments of lung were suspended after cannulating the trachea and then inflated with formalin infused at a height of 30 centimeters. After inflation, the tracheal was tied off and the lungs; as well as sections from the liver, spleen, and kidneys were submerged in 100% formalin for a period of 10 days. All tissues were then sent to the Central Pathology Lab at the UTHSC-SA for processing and staining.
Peters J., Maselli D.J., Mangat M., Coalson J.J., Hinojosa C., Giavedoni L., Brown-Elliott B.A., Chan E, & Griffith D. (2023). A marmoset model for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0260563.
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Publication 2023
Formalin Inflammation Kidney Liver Lung Mediastinum Nodes, Lymph Spleen Tissues Trachea
4
IVF/ICSI after Endometrial Curettage
We retrospectively collected information from 273 patients who underwent IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfer following an endometrial curettage in the proliferative-phase from January 2020 to May 2022 in the Reproductive Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. These patients had no or only 1 previously failed cycle. Patients with uterine abnormalities, endometriosis, intrauterine adhesions (moderate-severe), adenomyosis, uterine mediastina and ovarian tumors, untreated hydrosalpinx, or abnormal uterine bleeding were excluded. All data of patients on demographics, baseline values, and pregnancy outcomes were available. We obtained ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanchang Reproductive Hospital (the Reproductive Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) (approval number 2022.005).
Li J., Xu D., Ma L., Li L, & Yang L. (2023). Adverse impact of CD138+ cells in proliferative-phase endometrium on pregnancy outcomes in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles. Medicine, 102(10), e33106.
Publication 2023
Adenomyosis Curettage Endometriosis Endometrium Ethics Committees, Clinical Mediastinum Menstrual Cycle, Proliferative Phase Ovarian Neoplasm Patients Reproduction Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic Tissue Adhesions Transfers, Embryo Uterine Anomalies Uterus
5
Pediatric Thoracic Tumor Retrospective Study
This is a single-center, retrospective study conducted in the department of pediatric surgery, at a tertiary care hospital over 10 years (2011–2021). All children <18 years of age who were diagnosed with thoracic tumors based on the departmental protocol as depicted in Figure 1 were included. Of these, tumors of the lung, mediastinum, and thoracic cage (ribs, intercostal muscles, nerves, and scapula) were included and those with cardiac tumors were excluded.
All children with a clinical suspicion of a thoracic lesion underwent a systematic clinical and radiological assessment to identify the exact anatomical location, the extent of the tumor, and the presence of metastases. Figure 2 depicts the tumors diagnosed at different anatomical locations of the thorax. The treatment of the thoracic tumors depended on the nature and the extent of the tumor, i.e., biopsy followed by adjuvant therapy or upfront surgical resections. The surgical approaches followed were either thoracoscopic surgeries, thoracotomy without rib resections, or thoracotomy with rib resections. The case files were reviewed and information regarding their demography, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment administered, and outcomes were collated and analyzed.
Patil N., Kadamba P.S., Somashekhar M., Shetty J, & Rama S.A. (2023). Thoracic Tumors in Children and their Long-Term Outcomes: A Single-Center Experience. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 28(1), 18-24.
Publication 2023
Biopsy Chest Child Diagnosis Heart Neoplasm Intercostal Muscle Lung Neoplasms Mediastinum Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Rib Cage Scapula Surgical Procedures, Thoracoscopic Thoracic Neoplasms Thoracotomy X-Rays, Diagnostic

Top products related to «Mediastinum»

1
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DNase I is a laboratory enzyme that functions to degrade DNA molecules. It catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, effectively breaking down DNA strands.
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Collagenase d by Roche
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Collagenase D is an enzyme solution used for the dissociation and isolation of cells from various tissues. It is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes that cleave the collagen present in the extracellular matrix, allowing for the release of individual cells.
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More about "Mediastinum"

The mediastinum is a vital central compartment of the thoracic cavity, containing numerous critical structures such as the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, and various connective tissues.
Conditions affecting the mediastinum can have serious implications, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to locate relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and benefit from AI-driven comparisons to identify the optimal protocols and products.
This can enhance reproducibility and precision in mediastinum studies, supporting advancements in this crucial area of research and clinical practice.
Key subtopics related to the mediastinum include: thoracic imaging techniques (e.g., DNase I, LightSpeed VCT, SOMATOM Definition AS, SOMATOM Definition Flash, Somatom Sensation 16, Aquilion 64), cell and tissue dissociation methods (e.g., Collagenase D, GentleMACS Dissociator, Collagenase A), and various mediastinal diseases and conditions that can impact patient outcomes.
By incorporating relevant synonyms, abbreviations, and related terms, researchers can optimize their mediastinum-focused studies and leverage the latest technological advancements to drive progress in this critical field of healthcare.
Typo: 'pre-prings' instead of 'pre-prints'.