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Trigger Point

Trigger Points are sensitive areas within the muscle tissue that can cause pain and discomfort when activated.
These localized contraction knots are associated with a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, including myofascial pain syndrome and chronic headaches.
Identifying and treating trigger points can be a critical step in managing musculoskeletal disorders and improving patient outcomes.
Leverage the power of AI-driven analysis with PubCompare.ai to discover the latest research on trigger point protocols, patterns, and effective interventions across the literature, preprints, and patents.
Revolutionize your research and make more informed decisions to optimize trigger point management and relieve patient symtoms.

Most cited protocols related to «Trigger Point»

1
Pediatric Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Cited 10 times
With Institutional Review Board approval and informed
consent/assent, in vivo studies were performed on 22 consecutive pediatric
patients, ranging from 2.2 to 10.7 years of age. These patients consisted of
13 females and 9 males. They were referred for abdominal MRI with different
clinical indications that are specified in Table 1. The protocol included dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging
performed with the patient freely breathing. Studies were performed on a GE
MR750 3T scanner (Waukesha, WI, USA) using a 32-channel cardiac coil and a
3D spoiled gradient echo acquisition sequence. A flip angle of 15°,
a readout bandwidth of ±100 khz, partial readout (0.6 of the full
readout) to achieve minimum echo time (1.2–1.3 ms), and minimum TR
(3.0–3.4 ms) were used for these studies. Motion was estimated using
Butterfly navigators (23 (link),32 ). For each TR, the navigator
acquisition was 0.10–0.12 ms long and reached a maximum k-space
radius of 0.4–0.6 cm−1. The acquisition of
3–4 temporal phases was designed using VDRad where each temporal
phase had an acceleration of ~6. In our reconstructions, data from
the different temporal phases are combined into one phase. Fat-suppression
was incorporated with a periodic spectral fat-inversion pulse (inversion
time of 9.0 ms) with 24–27 views following each fat-inversion pulse.
Data were acquired ~1.5 min after intravenous gadolinium-based
contrast administration during the venous phases.
All pediatric patient studies were acquired completely
free-breathing under light anesthesia. For comparison, a prospective
respiratory-triggered/gated scan was performed immediately after the
proposed scan using conventional respiratory bellows. These scans were
acquired using a trigger point of 30% of maximum and an acceptance
window of 30%. Table 1describes ages, genders, specific contrast agent used, and other details
about each study. After the data acquisition, motion was estimated from the
navigators. Images were reconstructed using a combination of C/C++ and
Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA).
Cheng J.Y., Zhang T., Ruangwattanapaisarn N., Alley M.T., Uecker M., Pauly J.M., Lustig M, & Vasanawala S.S. (2014). Free-Breathing Pediatric MRI with Nonrigid Motion Correction and Acceleration. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 42(2), 407-420.
Publication 2014
Abdomen Acceleration Anesthesia, Inhalation Contrast Media ECHO protocol Ethics Committees, Research Females Gadolinium Gender Heart Intravenous Infusion Inversion, Chromosome Light Males Patients Pulse Rate Radionuclide Imaging Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Respiratory Rate Trigger Point Veins
2
Cardiac-Triggered 3D Cones Imaging
Cited 7 times
The full set of cone readouts is divided into sequential segments and acquired over multiple heartbeats with a cardiac-triggered sequence (Fig. 1c). Before starting 3D cones imaging at the desired trigger delay point (TD), a leading iNAV of the heart is acquired to directly track motion due to respiration. A fat saturation module (F) and catalyzation cycles (C) are then played out to establish the ATR-SSFP steady state for 3D cones imaging (IMG), where the desired volume is acquired at multiple cardiac phases. Finally, catalyzation cycles exit the ATR-SSFP steady state in anticipation of a trailing iNAV.
The iNAVs are acquired in a sagittal (Sag) plane to track respiration-induced motion of the heart along the superior-inferior (S/I) and anterior-posterior (A/P) directions, which are generally more prominent than along left-right (L/R) (42 (link)). Since multiple cardiac phases may be acquired with increasing separation from the leading iNAV, the additional trailing iNAV provides the ability to interpolate between two iNAVs and improve the accuracy of motion estimation for each readout of each cardiac phase, especially in the dominant S/I direction. On the other hand, A/P tracking from the leading iNAV alone may be sufficient, thus we consider the option of acquiring the trailing iNAV in an orthogonal coronal (Cor) plane to track S/I and L/R motion and enable respiratory compensation in all three directions.
Wu H.H., Gurney P.T., Hu B.S., Nishimura D.G, & McConnell M.V. (2012). Free-Breathing Multi-Phase Whole-Heart Coronary MRA Using Image-Based Navigators and 3D Cones Imaging. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 69(4), 1083-1093.
Publication 2012
Heart Pulse Rate Respiration Respiratory Rate Retinal Cone Trigger Point
3
Electroacupuncture for Knee Osteoarthritis
Cited 7 times
The true EA treatment was standardized throughout the study. It was performed by the physician acupuncturist who received acupuncture training in the People's Republic of China. Four fine stainless steel needles were inserted into acupuncture points around the affected knee [20 ] as presented in Table 1 and Figure 1. All needles were used in order to conduct an electrical current through the points, and were inserted superficially (not more than 0.5 inch approximately in depth). Thus, an elicitation of needle sensation (so-called De Qi) during the insertion of the needles was not intended. The first pair of electrodes was connected to the Dubi and nearest adjacent point (medial Xiyan) and the second pair to the trigger point and Ququan. The electrical stimulation was applied slowly and simultaneously to each pair of needles until it reached the maximum toleration level of the patient. Biphasic pulses were used for the electrical stimulation at a frequency of 2 Hz, and it was administered for 20 minutes in each treatment. The patients were treated 3 times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for 4 weeks (12 times).
The placebo EA was performed by attaching patch electrodes to the selected acupuncture points. Each electrode was connected to the sound producing dummy mode of the same apparatus, as in the true EA treatment. The duration and frequency of treatment were the same as those in the true EA treatment. Both true and placebo EA were performed by the same physician. Thus, the physician acupuncturist was the only person in the research team who knew which patients received the true or placebo EA.
Compliance with treatment was assessed by counting the number of unused tablets (diclofenac or placebo) and the number of times acupuncture treatment was received. During the study period, all additional therapies (e.g. oral or topical NSAIDs, intraarticular corticosteroid injection, other analgesics, chondro-protective agents, surgical procedures on the knee joint etc.) were not allowed. However, all other treatment for concomitant disorders that did not interfere with the study could be continued, but it had to be documented.
Sangdee C., Teekachunhatean S., Sananpanich K., Sugandhavesa N., Chiewchantanakit S., Pojchamarnwiputh S, & Jayasvasti S. (2002). Electroacupuncture versus Diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of Osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2, 3.
Publication 2002
Acupuncture Points Adrenal Cortex Hormones Analgesics Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal concomitant disease Diclofenac Electricity Immune Tolerance Intra-Articular Injections Knee Joint Needles Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Physicians Placebos Protective Agents Pulses Sound Stainless Steel Stimulations, Electric Therapy, Acupuncture Trigger Point
4
Standardized Measures and Asian Obesity Criteria
Cited 6 times
Weight, height, and WC were measured by trained healthcare workers following standardized protocols and performed at the same location as well as followed the same protocol at each survey visit. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm without wearing shoes using a portable stadiometer. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using a calibrated beam scale while wearing lightweight clothing. BMI was calculated as weight (in kg) divided by the square of height (in m). WC was measured at a point midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest in a horizontal plane using nonelastic tape.
Since the WHO proposed the additional trigger points to define overweight and obesity for public health action in Asian populations, it was more significant to reflect the trends of overweight and obesity according to the suggestions of the WHO for Chinese population [23 (link)]. Therefore, overweight was defined as a 23.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27.5 kg/m2, and general obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WC ≥ 90 cm for males and ≥ 80 cm for females. Grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 obesity were defined as 27.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 32.5 kg/m2, 32.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 37.5 kg/m2, and BMI ≥ 37.5 kg/m2, respectively [23 (link)].
Chen Y., Peng Q., Yang Y., Zheng S., Wang Y, & Lu W. (2019). The prevalence and increasing trends of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults: a repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 19, 1293.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2019
Asian Persons Chinese Females Health Personnel Iliac Crest Males Obesity Trigger Point
5
Cognitive Decline Evaluation via CFI and Demographic Factors
Cited 6 times
Using t tests and chi-square tests, demographic and
clinical variables were compared between subjects with CDR Global 0 and those
with CDR Global 0.5. We also compared the two CDR groups by cognitive and
retention status: cognitively stable versus cognitive decline groups (cognitive
decline group = subjects who had a “cognitive evaluation trigger”
at any time point) and “completers” versus
“non-completers”(non-completer = subjects who did not complete all
four annual visits). Inter-class coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess
three-month test-retest reliability for subject and study partner CFI. Ten
thousand bootstrap samples were generated to compare the ICCs between subject
and study partner CFI. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to
examine the extent to which CFI score predicted cognitive decline as measured by
the presence and absence of a “cognitive evaluation trigger,”
while controlling for other variables and accounting for the within-subject
correlation. To examine the short-term prediction ability of the CFI, the CFI
score from the previous year and the change in CFI score from current year to
previous year were used as independent variables. mMMSE and FCSRT scores in the
previous year, CDR Global score and age at baseline, ethnicity, and
subjects’ primary language were used as covariates in the GEE analysis.
To examine the long-term prediction ability of the CFI, the CFI score from two
years ago and the change in CFI score from current year to two-year-ago were
used as independent variables. mMMSE and FCSRT scores from two years prior, CDR
Global score and age at baseline, ethnicity, and subjects’ primary
language were used as covariates in the GEE analysis. Statistical significance
was defined a priori at p = 0.05.
Li C., Neugroschl J., Luo X., Zhu C., Aisen P., Ferris S, & Sano M. (2017). The Utility of the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) to Detect Cognitive Decline in Non-Demented Older Adults. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 60(2), 427-437.
Publication 2017
Cognition Disorders, Cognitive Ethnicity inecalcitol Precipitating Factors Trigger Point

Most recents protocols related to «Trigger Point»

1
Comparing MTrPs Injection and Medication in CVA
The study was an open-label, randomized observer-masked controlled trial to compare the effect of latent MTrPs injection therapy vs. budesonide-formoterol plus montelukast therapy in adult CVA patients. Signed informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study took place at Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine of Shandong University, Jinan, China. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Qilu hospital (KYLL-202011-127) and registered in the Clinical Trial Registry Center (ChiCTR2100044079).
The research included a 2-week placebo run-in phase, a treatment process, and an observational period. A total of 110 patients were randomly assigned utilizing computer access in a 1:1.5 ratio to receive a single injection therapy of latent MTrPs, sternocleidomastoid trigger points, medial or lateral pterygoid muscle trigger points, splenius capitis muscle trigger points, and sternoclavicular joint trigger points (intervention group, n = 44) or budesonide-formoterol plus montelukast for 8 weeks (control group, n = 66). If patients have long-term poor asthma control during the study, they may use rescue asthma medication. The rescue medication was salbutamol sulfate (GLAXO WELLCOME, S.A.: 100 μg/treatment via a metered-dose inhaler, maximum usage 400 μg/day as needed). Participants were recruited from the CVA Specialized Outpatient Department of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University. A 36-week of follow up was conducted after treatment.
Liu Q., Zhang W., Tian T., Liu Y., Bai H., Hu Q, & Qi F. (2023). Latent myofascial trigger points injection therapy for adult cough variant asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 937377.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Adult Aftercare Albuterol Sulfate Asthma Drug Combination, Budesonide-Formoterol Ethics Committees, Clinical Ethics Committees, Research Homo sapiens Metered Dose Inhaler montelukast Outpatients Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Pterygoid Muscles Splenius Sternoclavicular Joint Trigger Point
2
Latent Myofascial Trigger Point Injection Protocol
The drugs used for latent MTrPs injection containing vitamin B12 (JinYao Corp, Tianjin City, China; 2 ml:1 mg), 2% lidocaine injection (ZhaoHui Corp, Shanghai City, China; 5 ml:100 mg), and compound betamethasone injection (MSD Merck Sharp & Dohme AG, Switzerland; 1 ml: 5 mg betamethasone dipropionate and 2 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate) were diluted to 20 ml with 0.9% saline for a single injection. Injection of latent MTrPs was performed using needle 25 (0.5 mm × 36 mm) and a 20 ml syringe (We Go Corp, Weihai City, China).
The latent MTrPs were mainly found in the sternoclavicular joint, sternocleidomastoid, medial or lateral pterygoid muscles, and splenius capitis muscles by palpation (Figure 1). However, it was difficult to palpate when some trigger points were hidden in muscles, and the final therapeutic effects depend on the accuracy of palpated points (16 (link)). Accurate signs of latent MTrPs can be confirmed by the patient showing “jumping signs,” which may include head retraction, fascial (or forehead) wrinkles, verbal responses, or local twitch responses (LTRs) (11 (link), 12 (link)). Palpation and injection of latent MTrPs were performed according to Travell and Simons’ “Trigger Point Manual” (17 ).
Liu Q., Zhang W., Tian T., Liu Y., Bai H., Hu Q, & Qi F. (2023). Latent myofascial trigger points injection therapy for adult cough variant asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 937377.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Betamethasone betamethasone dipropionate betamethasone sodium phosphate Cobalamins Fascia Feelings Forehead Head Lidocaine MM 36 Muscle Tissue Needles Normal Saline Palpation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pterygoid Muscles Splenius Sternoclavicular Joint Syringes Therapeutic Effect Trigger Point
3
Sternoclavicular Joint Palpation Technique
When palpating the sternoclavicular joint, we had the patient sit upright and located the trigger point by palpation. Care was taken to avoid accidental injection of medication into the subclavian artery. Palpation and injection were performed by the same professor who has 30 years of experience.
Liu Q., Zhang W., Tian T., Liu Y., Bai H., Hu Q, & Qi F. (2023). Latent myofascial trigger points injection therapy for adult cough variant asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 937377.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Accidents Palpation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Sternoclavicular Joint Subclavian Artery Trigger Point
4
Palpation and Injection of Medial/Lateral Pterygoid Muscles
Palpation was performed with progressive and continuous deep pressure with a finger on the skin surface to identify latent MTrPs in the medial or lateral pterygoid muscles. Patients were instructed to remain seated and to immobilized the head and shoulders to maximize relaxation of the muscle being palpated (18 (link)). Once the trigger points were identified, the thumb of one hand of the therapist remained in a fixed position on the skin, disinfected the surrounding skin, had the patients keep their mouths open (to prevent the needle from blocking in the temporomandibular joint) and with the other hand inserted the syringe into the muscle, adjusted the depth of the needle, and when the patients felt a referred pain indicating that the needle had been inserted into the latent MTrPs, 3–5 mL of a liquid medication was then injected. There were many small blood vessels near the muscles. To avoid intravascular injection, it was necessary to withdraw before injection. The other side was injected using the same technique.
Liu Q., Zhang W., Tian T., Liu Y., Bai H., Hu Q, & Qi F. (2023). Latent myofascial trigger points injection therapy for adult cough variant asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 937377.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Blood Vessel Feelings Fingers Head Muscle Tissue Needles Oral Cavity Pain, Referred Palpation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pressure Pterygoid Muscles Relaxations, Muscle Shoulder Skin Syringes Temporomandibular Joint Thumb Trigger Point
5
Forehead Resting Trigger Point Injection
We had the patients sit on the table with both forearms crossed and place the forehead resting on the forearms to identify the trigger point by palpation. The injection technique was the same as above, with pressure on the injection sites after injection to promote better absorption of the drug.
Liu Q., Zhang W., Tian T., Liu Y., Bai H., Hu Q, & Qi F. (2023). Latent myofascial trigger points injection therapy for adult cough variant asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 937377.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Forearm Forehead Palpation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pressure Trigger Point Vascular Access Ports

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