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Animal Organs

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Most cited protocols related to «Animal Organs»

Animals were killed and the pulmonary and systemic circulation was perfused with saline/EDTA to remove the intravascular pool of cells. Paratracheal and parathymic intrathoracic LNs were collected. Lungs were carefully separated from thymic and cardiovascular remnants and removed in toto, including the main bronchi and trachea. Due to the photosensitivity of the FITC material, organs from FITC-macromolecule–instilled animals were protected from direct light throughout the manipulation. Organs were thoroughly minced using iridectomy scissors and incubated for 30 min in digestion medium in a humidified incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2, according to a modified protocol 21. Organ fragments were resuspended, fresh digestion medium was added, and incubation was extended for another 15 min. After a final resuspension, very few organ debris were left. Samples were centrifuged and resuspended in calcium and magnesium–free PBS containing 10 mM EDTA for 5 min at room temperature on a shaker. Finally, the cells were subjected to RBC lysis, washed in FACS-EDTA, passed through a 50-μm cell strainer, and kept on ice until labeling. Cell viability after this procedure was consistently >95%.
Publication 2001
1,1'-(4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium Animal Organs Animals Bronchus, Primary Calcium Cardiovascular System Cells Cell Survival Digestion Edetic Acid Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Iridectomy Light Lung Magnesium Pepsin A Photosensitization Saline Solution Thymus Gland Trachea
Detailed descriptions of the materials, methods, and equipment used in this work, including cells, plasmids, production of lentiviral vectors and generation of antigen-expressing dendritic cell lines, viruses, MeV genome sequence analysis, NGS library preparation and sequencing, RNA sequence analysis, immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, Western blot analysis, animal experiments, total IgG and IgG1-/IgG2a quantification, Th1/Th2 cytokine multiplex assay, virus neutralization test, plaque reduction neutralization test, IFN-γ ELISpot analysis, ICS, T cell proliferation assay, CTL killing assay, virus titers in organs of infected animals, RNA preparation, quantitative RT-PCR, and statistical analyses, are provided in SI Appendix, Supplementary Extended Materials and Methods.
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Publication 2020
Animal Organs Antigens Biological Assay cDNA Library Cell Lines Cell Proliferation Cells Cloning Vectors Cytokine Dendrites Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay Genome IgG1 IgG2A Immunoperoxidase Techniques Interferon Type II Neutralization Tests Patch Tests Plasmids Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Analysis, RNA T-Lymphocyte Virus Western Blot
Trained interviewers collected participants' food consumption data using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which featured commonly consumed food items. The FFQ was developed and validated during a pilot test [18 ]. All food items were later categorized into 22 key food groups, formed according to key nutrient component, main food group, culinary use, and risk to chronic diseases in particular CVD (low fat, high fat, fiber, etc.), as shown in Table 6. Trained nurses and interviewers performed a face to face interview using pictures of common food items and a frequency card to facilitate answers. The food groups were as follows: meat, fatty meat, processed meat with high fat, processed meat with high salt, fish, shellfish and squid, animal organ, egg, beans, rice, wheat, glutinous rice, fried food, food with coconut milk, fermented fish/soybean, chili sauce/dip, fruit, milk, soymilk, beverage, bamboo shoot, and vegetables. A pilot test was done in order to test reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80 was obtained, indicating a relatively acceptable level of interitem reliability for the FFQ.
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Publication 2015
Animal Organs Beverages Coconut Disease, Chronic Face Fat-Restricted Diet Fibrosis Fishes Food Fruit Interviewers Meat Milk, Cow's Nurses Nutrients Oryza sativa Shellfish Sodium Chloride, Dietary Soybeans Soy Milk Squid Vegetables Wheat
These CHMs are prescribed by licensed and experienced traditional Chinese medicine doctors in Taiwan, and they are served as traditional Chinese medicine in health care systems in Taiwan. CHMs include single herbs and herbal formulae. A single herb is made from the flower, root, stem, or leaf of a given plant. It is also made from an organ of an animal, insect, or mineral source. The herbal formulae are mixtures of a minimum of two single herbs. The CHM composition, frequency, and usage patterns are shown in Supplementary Table S1. CHMs are produced by pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice companies with in Taiwan.
Association rule mining was performed, as previously described, using SAS software (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, United States). This association rule mining has been applied to discover studies in the relationships of these CHM prescriptions (Chen et al., 2014 (link); Cheng et al., 2019b (link); Tsai et al., 2019 (link)). Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) product X (CHM_X) and CHM product Y (CHM_Y) were shown as the “items,” respectively. The CHM prescriptions were used as the “transactions,” with co-occurrences of CHM_X and CHM_Y (Table 3). This expression shows the relationship between the occurrences of CHM_X and CHM_Y. The strength of the association using this technique was expressed as support, confidence, and lift. Support is a measure of whether an association between CHM_X and CHM_Y happened by chance. The support (X) (%) value is the calculated joint probability of having both of CHM_X and CHM_Y, which is (the frequency of CHM_X and CHM_Y/total number of prescription) × 100%. Confidence is an indicator of how often CHM_Y appeared in transactions that contained CHM_X. The confidence value (CHM_X → CHM_Y; %) is the calculated conditional probability of having a prescription of CHM_Y among those who already have the prescription of CHM_X, which is given as (frequency of CHM_X and CHM_Y/frequency of CHM_X) x 100%. Lift is the ratio of observed support to expected support when X and Y are independent. The lift value is the confidence (CHM_X → CHM_Y) (%)/P (Y) (%) or confidence (CHM_Y → CHM_X) (%)/P (X) (%). A lift value greater than 1 indicates that the occurrences between the two CHM products are dependent and suggests a strong co-occurrence relationship between CHM_X and CHM_Y.
Network analysis was performed as previously described (Cheng et al., 2019a (link); Cheng et al., 2019b (link)) (Figure 3). The single herb is expressed as a green circle, and the herbal formula is shown as a red circle. The prescription frequency of the single herb or herbal formula is shown (Supplementary Table S2) and is denoted as the circle size. The support value (%) (between CHM_X and CHM_Y) is shown in Table 3 and is expressed as the line size. The lift value is also shown in Table 3 and is represented as the line color. The connection strength between the paired CHM products is shown as the line size and line color. All data were employed using Cytoscape software (https://cytoscape.org/, version 3.7.0).
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Publication 2021
Animal Organs Chinese Insecta Joints Medicinal Herbs Medicines, Herbal Minerals Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Plant Leaves Plant Roots Prescription Drugs Stem, Plant
Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft and syngeneic models were used to assess the effect of combinations on the in vivo efficacy of CEA-IL2v. Briefly, for the NSCLC xenograft lung model, female human CD16-transgenic SCID mice (Charles River Laboratories, Lyon, France) were inoculated with 3 × 106 A549 cells injected intravenously. For the colorectal liver metastases models, the CRC cell line LS174T was injected into the spleen (3 × 106 cells). For the gastric sc model, the N87 cells were injected subcutaneously (1 × 106 cells). For the breast orthotopic model, the cell line KPL-4 was injected into the mammary fat pad (5 × 106 cells). For the pancreatic syngeneic model, female CEA-transgenic C57BL/6-CEA mice (Charles River Laboratories, Lyon, France) were inoculated with 1 × 105 Panc02-CEA cells injected intrapancreatically. Mice were maintained under specific-pathogen-free conditions with daily cycles of 12 h light/darkness according to guidelines (GV-SOLAS; FELASA) and food and water were provided ad libitum. Continuous health monitoring was performed and the experimental study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Veterinary Department of Kanton Zurich.
Mice were randomized into different treatment groups and therapy started when evidence of tumor growth was visible in the target organ of killed scout animals (days indicated in figure legends). All treatments were administered IV. The termination criterion for sacrificing animals was sickness with locomotion impairment, and median OS was defined as the experimental day by which 50% of animals had been killed. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the Pairwise Log-Rank test were used to compare survival between animals.
Publication 2017
A549 Cells Animal Organs Animals Animals, Transgenic Breast Cell Lines Cells Females Food Heterografts Liver Locomotion Lung Mice, Transgenic Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Pad, Fat Pancreas Rivers SCID Mice Specific Pathogen Free Spleen Stomach Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Animal Organs»

Biodistribution data of 44ScCl3 in the Naïve Swiss Webster mice were extrapolated to human organs using the relative organ mass scaling method [15 –17 (link)]. In this method, the animal organ data reported as percent of injected activity per gram of organ, %IAgorganmouse , is extrapolated using the animal and human whole-body masses, kgTBweight , and the human organs masses, gorganhuman , employing the following equation: %IAorganhuman=%IAgorganmouse×kgTBweightmouse×gorgankgTBweighthuman
The human organs masses were used as defined for adult male and female in the IDAC Dose 2.1 application [18 (link)]. This scaling was not applied to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Organ integrated time-activity were determined by numerical integration of time activity data. The cumulative activity, Ã, between time 0 and the first measured time point was calculated assuming a linear increase from 0 to the first measured activity. The à between the first measured time point and the last measured time point was integrated numerically using trapezoidal approximation. The à from the last measured time point to infinity was integrated considering only the physical decay. It was assumed that the radioisotope does not relocate following the last imaging point. For walled organs (heart, large intestine, small intestine, and stomach), the residence time was assigned entirely to the organ walls; with the large intestine, the residence time was divided evenly between the right and left colons. The bone residence time was likewise evenly divided between cortical and trabecular bone [19 ].
The cumulated activities for each organ were then used to compute the absorbed doses by IDAC Dose 2.1 [18 (link)]. The mean normal-organ absorbed doses (mGy/MBq administered) and the effective dose (mSv/MBq administered) for 44ScCl3 were calculated for standard human adults (female and male). Additionally, the biodistribution data of 44ScCl3 were used to model the absorbed doses for 47ScCl3. Time activity curves representing 47ScCl3 were calculated, taking into account the different half-life of the modeled radionuclide.
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Publication 2023
Adult Animal Organs Animals Bones Cancellous Bone Colon Cortex, Cerebral Females Gastrointestinal Tract Heart Homo sapiens Human Body Intestines, Small Large Intestine Males Mouse, Swiss Physical Examination Radioisotopes Stomach Trapezoid Bones
Biopsy (portions) of the liver and kidney tissues from each rat was taken cautiously. After adding 10% formalin, the tissues in paraffin are fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) dye in the EPHI pathology laboratory. The control and treatment animal organ slides were subjected for examination through the binocular light microscope (Olympus CX41, Japan) at a magnification of 20x and 40x. The micrographs of organ histopathology were analyzed and interpreted by a pathologist according to similar method used in [30 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Animal Organs Biopsy Eosin Formalin Kidney Light Microscopy Liver Paraffin Pathologists Tissues
Exsanguination and euthanasia were performed on all rabbits on the fifteenth day. Blood was drawn from the supraorbital vein into an EDTA-K2 blood collection tube for hematological testing. The results of the blood tests were recorded using the hematological analyzer. The blood sample was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min, and the biochemical characteristics of the serum were evaluated using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Rabbit necropsies were performed. Analytical balances were used to weigh the animal’s vital organs. Vital organs were maintained in a 10% formaldehyde solution for 72 h before histological analysis. Afterward, the tissue was cut into pieces and dehydrated using ethanol. Slides were prepared and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) and observed using an optical microscope.
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Publication 2023
Animal Organs Autopsy BLOOD Edetic Acid Eosin Ethanol Euthanasia Exsanguination Formalin Hematologic Tests Hematoxylin Light Microscopy Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbits Serum Tissues Veins
Concentrations of DON and ZEN in corn were determined using the commercially available ELISA kits RIDASCREEN™ DON and RIDASCREEN™ ZEN (R-Biopharm GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany). The clinical chemical analyses of serum samples (AST and ALT activity, concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and uric acid) were performed by Vet-Med-Labor Ltd. using colorimetric assay kits (Diagnosticum Co., Budapest, Hungary) based on spectrophotometric methods. Histopathological examinations were performed by Autopsy KKT (Budapest, Hungary). The liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius samples in formaldehyde solution were embedded in paraffin and 5 μm thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue morphology was observed under a light microscope. The mean histological score was derived from the grade and stage of histological lesions seen in the investigated organs of the affected animals. The listed lesions were characterized per animal (1 point = mild, 2 points = medium, 3 points = high-grade alterations) and then mean score values were calculated in the group. The extent of vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, solitary hepatocyte necrosis, individual cell deaths of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), focal lymphocytic and histiocytic interstitial infiltrates and interstitial fibrosis in liver samples, as well as lymphocyte counts in spleen and bursa of Fabricius samples, were evaluated.
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Publication 2023
Animal Organs Animals Autopsy Biological Assay Bursa of Fabricius Cell Death Cholesterol Colorimetry Corns Creatinine Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Eosin Fibrosis, Liver Formalin Glucose Hepatocyte Histiocytes Light Microscopy Liver Lymphocyte Necrosis Obstetric Labor Paraffin Embedding Physical Examination Reticuloendothelial System Serum Spectrophotometry Spleen Tissues Triglycerides Uric Acid Vacuole Vision
Complete necropsies, tissue collection, organ weights, and macroscopic tissue evaluation were performed on all animals. Necropsy includes a macroscopic examination of the external surface of the body, the thoracic and abdominal cavities and their contents, and the collection of all major tissues and macroscopic findings (Table S6).
Selected organs from all animals were weighed at the scheduled necropsy (Table S6). Organ-to-body weight and organ-to-brain weight ratios in Study 2 and organ-to-body weight ratios in Study 1 were calculated.
Representative samples of collected tissues were fixed in 10% (Study 2) or 7% (Study 1) neutral buffered formalin except for the eye with optic nerve attached (Davidson’s) and testis and epididymis (modified Davidson’s). All tissues were processed for slide preparation and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
For the dosing phase, all tissues (excluding the larynx) collected from all dosing phase animals were examined microscopically. In Study 1, all tissues examined at the end of the recovery phase were identical to those evaluated at the end of the dosing phase. In Study 2, microscopic evaluation of recovery phase tissues in all animals was limited to real or anticipated target organs: bone marrow (sternum), joint, liver, draining lymph node, inguinal lymph node, macroscopic findings, skeletal muscle, injection site, and spleen. Microscopic findings were graded on a scale of 1 to 5 as minimal, mild, moderate, marked, or severe; findings not graded were listed as present. The type of infiltrating cells in tissues was based on the morphology of their nucleus, their size, the appearance of cytoplasm, and in the case of granulocytes, how their granules stain.
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Publication 2023
Abdominal Cavity Animal Organs Animals Autopsy Bone Marrow Cell Nucleus Cells Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic Granules Eosin Epididymis Formalin Granulocyte Groin Human Body Joints Larynx Liver Microscopy Nodes, Lymph Optic Nerve POU3F2 protein, human Skeletal Muscles Spleen Stains Sternum Testis Tissues

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The TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA kits are laboratory equipment designed to quantify the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in biological samples. These kits utilize the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to measure the concentration of these cytokines.
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Swiss Webster mice are a common laboratory mouse strain used in various research applications. They are known for their gentle temperament and ease of handling. The Swiss Webster strain exhibits normal physiology and development, making them a useful model for a wide range of studies.
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More about "Animal Organs"

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