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Arteries, Radial

Arteries, Radial: The radial artery is a major blood vessel in the forearm that supplies oxygenated blood to the hand and wrist.
It is commonly used for procedures such as cardiac catheterization and blood pressure monitoring.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the radial artery is crucial for clinicians performing these interventions to ensure safe and effecetive patient outcomes.

Most cited protocols related to «Arteries, Radial»

Several BP measurement methods are now available. The main methods include catheterization, auscultation, oscillometry, volume clamping, and tonometry.
Catheterization is the gold standard method [6 (link)]. This method measures instantaneous BP by placing a strain gauge in fluid contact with blood at any arterial site (e.g., radial artery, aorta). However, the method is invasive.
Auscultation, oscillometry, and volume clamping are noninvasive methods. These methods employ an inflatable cuff.
Auscultation is the standard clinical method [7 (link)]. This method measures systolic and diastolic BP by occluding an artery with a cuff and detecting the Korotkoff sounds using a stethoscope and manometer during cuff deflation. The first sound indicates the initiation of turbulent flow and thus systolic BP, while the fifth sound is silent and indicates the renewal of laminar flow and thus diastolic BP.
Oscillometry is the most popular non-invasive, automatic method [8 (link), 9 (link)]. This method measures mean, diastolic, and systolic BP by also using a cuff but with a pressure sensor inside it. The measured cuff pressure not only rises and falls with cuff inflation and deflation but also shows tiny oscillations indicating the pulsatile blood volume in the artery. The amplitude of these oscillations varies with the applied cuff pressure, as the arterial elasticity is nonlinear. The BP values are estimated from the varying oscillation amplitudes using the empirical fixed-ratios principle. When evaluated against auscultation using an Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) protocol, some oscillometric devices achieve BP errors within the AAMI limits of 5 mmHg bias and 8 mmHg precision [10 ]. However, oscillometry is unreliable in subjects with certain conditions such as atrial fibrillation, stiff arteries, and pre-eclampsia [11 ].
Volume clamping is a non-invasive, automatic method used in research [12 (link), 13 ]. This method measures instantaneous (finger) BP by using a cuff and a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to measure the blood volume (see Section V.A). The blood volume at zero transmural pressure is estimated via oscillometry. The cuff pressure is then continually varied to maintain this blood volume throughout the cardiac cycle via a fast servo-control system. The applied cuff pressure may thus equal BP. Volume clamping devices also achieve BP errors within AAMI limits when evaluated against auscultation and near AAMI limits when evaluated against radial artery catheterization [14 (link)].
However, cuff use has several drawbacks. In particular, cuffs are cumbersome and time consuming to use, disruptive during ambulatory monitoring, especially while sleeping, and do not readily extend to low resources settings.
Tonometry is another non-invasive method used in research that, in theory, does not require an inflatable cuff [15 , 16 ]. This method measures instantaneous BP by pressing a manometer-tipped probe on an artery. The probe must flatten or applanate the artery so that its wall tension is perpendicular to the probe. However, manual and automatic applanation have proven difficult. As a result, in practice, the measured waveform has been routinely calibrated with cuff BP whenever a BP change is anticipated [17 (link)].
In sum, the existing BP measurement methods are invasive, manual, or require a cuff. So, none are suitable for ubiquitous (i.e., ultra-convenient, unobtrusive, and low cost) monitoring.
Publication 2015
Aorta Arteries Arteries, Radial Atrial Fibrillation Auscultation BLOOD Blood Pressure Blood Volume Cardiac Volume Catheterization Clinical Protocols Diastole Elasticity Fingers Gold Manometry Medical Devices Oscillometry Photoplethysmography Pre-Eclampsia Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Sound Stethoscopes Strains Systole Systolic Pressure Tonometry
Tonometry waveforms were signal-averaged using the electrocardiographic R-wave as a fiducial point. Systolic and diastolic cuff blood pressures obtained at the time of the tonometry acquisition were used to calibrate the peak and trough of the signal-averaged brachial pressure waveform. Diastolic and integrated mean brachial pressures were used to calibrate carotid pressure tracings.24 (link) Calibrated carotid pressure was used as a surrogate for central pressure.24 (link) Central pulse pressure was defined as the difference between the peak and trough of the calibrated carotid pressure waveform. Carotid-brachial pulse pressure amplification was defined as brachial pulse pressure divided by central pulse pressure. Augmentation index was computed from the carotid pressure waveform as previously described.25 (link) Carotid-femoral (aortic) and carotid-radial (muscular artery) pulse wave velocities were calculated from tonometry waveforms and body surface measurements, which were adjusted for parallel transmission in the brachiocephalic artery and aortic arch by using the suprasternal notch as a fiducial point.26 (link) The carotid-femoral transit path spans the aorta, making carotid-femoral PWV a measure of aortic stiffness. In contrast, the carotid-radial transit path spans the subclavian, brachial and radial arteries, making carotid-radial PWV a measure of muscular artery stiffness.
Publication 2010
Aorta Aortic Stiffness Arch of the Aorta Arterial Stiffness Arteries Arteries, Radial Carotid Arteries Diastole Electrocardiography Femur Measure, Body Muscle Tissue Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Pulse Pressure Systole Tonometry Transmission, Communicable Disease Trunks, Brachiocephalic
Feature measurements were extracted from the PPG pulse wave by identifying fiducial
points on the pulse wave and its derivatives, and calculating a range of features
from the fiducial points.
The following fiducial points were detected: the systolic peak (s), dicrotic notch
(dic) and diastolic peak (dia) in the pulse wave; the point of maximum upslope on the
first derivative (ms); the a, b, c, d, and e waves in the second derivative (Elgendi
2012 (link)); and the early and late
systolic components (p1 and p2) from the third derivative (Hayward and Kelly 1997 (link)). These points are illustrated
for the baseline radial artery PPG pulse wave in figure 3. Details of the criteria used to detect these
fiducial points are provided in appendix C.
A range of features were calculated from the fiducial points, as defined in table
3. These features were
identified from publications describing techniques for assessing arterial stiffness
from pulse waves. It seemed reasonable to expect these features to change during
mental stress since arterial stiffness is greatly affected by mental stress.
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Publication 2018
Arterial Stiffness Arteries Arteries, Radial derivatives Diastole Pulse Rate Stress, Psychological Systole tripropylene glycol
Vascular function testing was conducted after 5 minutes of rest in the supine position. Three measures of brachial artery distensibility (BrachD), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial blood pressures (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR) were obtained with a DynaPulse Pathway instrument (Pulse Metric, Inc., San Diego, CA) as previously described.[11 (link)] This device derives brachial artery pressure curves from distensibility arterial pressure signals obtained from a standard cuff sphygmomanometer assuming a straight tube brachial artery and T-tube aortic system.[11 (link)] Repeat measures in our laboratory show excellent reproducibility with coefficients of variability less than 9% (unpublished data).
Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) was measured with a SphygmoCor SCOR-PVx System (Atcor Medical, Sydney, Australia) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The average of three recordings of PWV for each of the arterial sites: PWV-arm (carotid-radial); PWV-trunk (carotid-femoral) and PWV-leg (femoral-foot) was used in the analyses. Repeat measures in our laboratory show excellent reproducibility with coefficients of variability less than 7% (unpublished data).
Augmentation Index (AIx), which is influenced by arterial stiffness and provides additional information concerning wave reflections[12 (link)] was also collected. The SphygmoCor tonometer was placed over the right radial artery and 3 measures of AIx were collected. The pressure waves were calibrated using MAP and DBP obtained in the same arm. The device then analyzed the pulse wave using a validated generalized transfer function.[13 (link)] Since AIx is affected by HR, values were adjusted to a standard HR of 75 beats per minute. Reproducibility studies in our laboratory demonstrated intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.7 and 0.9 for all variables (unpublished data).
Publication 2010
Aorta Arterial Stiffness Arteries Arteries, Radial Brachial Artery Carotid Arteries Diastole Femur Foot Medical Devices Pressure Pulse Pressure Pulse Rate Rate, Heart Reflex Sphygmomanometers Systole
The first quantitative measurements of blood pressure were performed in animals by Hales in 1733 [24 , 25 (link)]. Early reports of intra-arterial pressure measurement in the human are from 1912, when Bleichröder [26 ] cannulated his own radial artery. It is unlikely that he recorded his BP although it would have been possible at that time: Frank developed accurate and fast manometers that could measure pulsatile pressure in 1903 [27 ]. Invasive measurement of BP was confined to the physiology labs for quite some time [28 (link), 29 (link)]. However in the 1950s and 1960s, with the development of refined insertion techniques [30 (link)] and Teflon catheters it became standard clinical practice. High fidelity catheter-tip manometers, such as used to measure pressure gradients across a coronary stenosis, were introduced by Murgo and Millar in 1972 [31 ]. Table 1 gives an overview of BP methods.

Methods for measurement of blood pressure and cardiac output

SystemMethodCompanyCOBP
NexfinFinger cuff technology/pulse contour analysisBMEYE+___+___
FinometerFinger cuff technology/pulse contour analysisFMS+___+___
LIFEGARD® ICGThoracic electrical bioimpedanceCAS Medical Systems, Inc.+___+
BioZ MonitorImpedance cardiographyCardioDynamics International Corporation+___+
Cheetah reliant“Bioreactance”Cheetah Medical+___+
Cardioscreen/NiccomoImpedance cardiography and impedance plethysmographyMedis Medizinische Messtechnik GmbH+___+
AESCULONElectrical “velocimetry”Osypka Medical GmbH+___+
HIC-4000Impedance cardiographyMicrotronics Corp Bio Imp Tech, Inc.+___
NICaSRegional impedanceNImedical+___
IQ23-dimensional impedanceNoninvasive Medical Technologies+___
ICONElectrical “velocimetry”Osypka Medical GmbH+___
PHYSIO FLOWThoracic electrical bioimpedanceManatec biomedical+___
AcQtracThoracic impedanceVäsamed+___
esCCOPulse wave transit timeNihon Kohden+___
TEBCOThoracic electrical bioimpedanceHEMO SAPIENS INC.+___
NCCOM 3Impedance cardiographyBomed Medical Manufacturing Ltd+___
RheoCardioMonitorImpedance cardiographyRheo-Graphic PTE+___
HemoSonic™ 100transesophageal DopplerArrow Critical Care Products+___
ECOMEndotracheal bioimpedanceConMed Corporation+___
CardioQ-ODM™Oesophageal DopplerDeltex+___
TECOTransesophageal DopplerMedicina+___
ODM IITransesophageal DopplerAbbott+___
HDI/PulseWave™ CR-2000Pressure waveform analysisHypertension Diagnostics, Inc+_ _+_ _
USCOM 1ATransthoracic DopplerUscom+_ _
NICORebreathing FickPhilips Respironics+
InnocorRebreathing FickInnovision A/S+
Vigileo/FloTracPulse contour analysisEdwards Lifesciences______
LiDCOplus PulseCOTranspulmonary lithium dilution/pulse contour analysisLiDCO Ltd______
PiCCO2Transpulmonary thermodilution/pulse contour analysisPULSION Medical Systems AG______
MOSTCARE PRAMPulse contour analysisVytech______
VigilancePulmonary artery catheter thermodilutionEdwards Lifesciences___
DDGDye-densitogram analyzerNihon Kohden
TruccomPulmonary artery catheter thermodilutionOmega Critical Care
COstatusUltrasound dilutionTransonic Systems Inc.+
CNAP Monitor 500Finger cuff technologyCNSystems Medizintechnik AG+___
SphygmoCor® CPV SystemApplanation tonometryAtCor Medical+_ _
TL-200 T-LINEApplanation tonometryTensys Medical, Inc.+_ _

+ noninvasive, – invasive, ___ continuous, _ _ semi-continuous, … intermittent

Practical noninvasive (intermittent) BP measurement became possible when Riva-Rocci presented his air-inflatable arm cuff connected to a manometer in 1896 [32 , 33 (link)]. By deflating the cuff and feeling for the pulse, systolic BP could be determined. In 1905 Korotkoff [34 , 35 (link)] advanced the technique further with the auscultatory method making it possible to determine diastolic pressure as well. In 1903 Cushing recommended BP monitoring using the Riva-Rocci sphygmomanometer for patients under general anesthesia [36 (link)]. Nowadays, automated assessment of BP with oscillometric devices is commonly used. These devices determine BP by analyzing the oscillations measured in the cuff-pressure. The pressure in the cuff is first brought above systolic pressure and then deflated to below diastolic pressure. Oscillations are largest when cuff pressure equals mean arterial pressure. Proprietary algorithms determine systolic and diastolic values from the oscillations. Oscillometers may be inaccurate [37 ], and provided values that are frequently lower than direct BP measurements in critically ill patients, [38 (link), 39 (link)] whereas detection of large BP changes is unreliable [40 (link)]. Due to its intermittent nature hyper- and hypotensive periods may be missed [2 (link)].
“Semi-continuous noninvasive methods” based on radial arterial tonometry require an additional arm cuff to calibrate arterial pressure [41 (link)–43 (link)]. The use of these devices may become problematic under conditions with significant patient motion or surgical manipulation of the limbs [43 (link), 44 (link)]. However, tonometry devices have contributed greatly to the knowledge of the relation between the pressure wave shape and cardiovascular function [45 (link), 46 (link)].
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Publication 2012
Animals Arteries Arteries, Radial Auscultation Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena Catheters Cheetahs Coronary Stenosis Critical Care Critical Illness Determination, Blood Pressure Diagnosis Diastole Electricity Esophagus General Anesthesia Heart Homo sapiens Lithium Manometry Medical Devices Operative Surgical Procedures Oscillometry Patients physiology Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Pulse Rate Reliance resin cement Sphygmomanometers Systole Systolic Pressure Technique, Dilution Teflon Thermodilution Tonometry Velocimetry

Most recents protocols related to «Arteries, Radial»

Clinical evaluations were performed on emergency room patients with hypotension who were older than 18 years and met the inclusion criteria. After explaining the study to the patient or relative, written consent was obtained. The patient’s demographic details, vitals, clinical details, and diagnosis were entered in the data collection proforma. Patients who required ABG as a part of routine care per treating physician were sampled. An arterial sample (0.5–1 mL) was collected using a heparinized syringe from the radial artery at the wrist level. The venous blood sample was obtained from the cubital or dorsal hand veins. Both samples were collected with minimum delay (less than 10 min). Both samples were analyzed as soon as possible using a blood gas analyzer Nova Biomedicals Stat profile pHOX ultra.
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Publication 2023
4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline-5-one Arteries Arteries, Radial BLOOD Diagnosis Emergencies Patients Physicians Syringes Veins Wrist Joint
The patients received their usual cardiac medications in the early morning on the day of surgery. Upon arriving OR, the patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.02 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 mcg/kg. A five-lead EKG, pulse oximetry, and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring were initiated. Then, we inserted a catheter into the radial artery under local anesthesia for invasive blood pressure monitoring. General anesthesia induction consisted of fentanyl 5–10 mcg/kg, midazolam 0.2–0.4 mg/kg, and pancuronium 0.1–0.15 mg/kg. Additionally, propofol 0.5–1 mg/kg was administered as appropriate. After intubation, we inserted a right internal jugular multilumen central venous catheter. Maintenance of anesthesia was with sevoflurane 1%–2%, adjusted by clinical conditions and pancuronium as needed.
Publication 2023
Anesthesia Arteries, Radial Blood Pressure Catheters Fentanyl General Anesthesia Heart Intubation Local Anesthesia Midazolam Oximetry, Pulse Pancuronium Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Propofol Sevoflurane Surgery, Day Training Programs Venous Catheter, Central
Primary PCI was performed immediately after admission to all patients presented with STEMI at the angiography laboratory. Patients diagnosed with USAP and NSTEMI underwent PCI by the Judkins method urgently or as soon as possible from the femoral, brachial, or radial artery according to the current guidelines. Multiple views were obtained with visualization of the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery in at least four views, and the right coronary artery in at least two views. Coronary stenting directly, or followed by balloon angioplasty, was performed where eligible [9 (link)–11 (link)]. After the procedure, patients were followed in the intensive coronary unit until stabilization is achieved. All obtained data, coronary angiography views, and results were recorded in the database of ours institute. Patients diagnosed with CCS were hospitalized and underwent coronary angiogram following days of hospitalization. Syntax score was calculated based on the www.syntaxscore.com website tool to quantify the severity and complexity of CAD [12 (link)]. In addition, Gensini score was also calculated to evaluate coronary lesion characteristics [13 (link)].
Publication 2023
Angiography Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary Arteries, Radial Artery, Coronary Coronary Angiography Femur Heart Hospitalization Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction Patient Admission Patients ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
The first dataset is the publicly accessible database (Nektar1D Pulse Wave Database, Nektar1D-PWDB), published by Alastruey et al. at King’s College London, United Kingdom, based on the Nektar1D model. This model used the Nektar1D non-linear one-dimensional flow model, which has been fully clinically validated and used in several studies to simulate the hemodynamic characteristics of the human arterial tree, to ensure the validity of hemodynamic parameters of the 1D model and the generated data (Matthys et al., 2007 (link); Alastruey et al., 2011 (link); Xiao et al., 2014 (link); Willemet et al., 2015 (link)). For more detailed information on this database, see the study by Charlton et al. (Charlton et al., 2019 (link)).
The database contains the arterial pulse waves from 4,374 virtual subjects, ranging from 25 to 75 years, at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. A total of 537 out of the 4,374 subjects exhibited blood pressures outside of healthy norms (virtual subjects with abnormal blood pressure; without CVD), and 3,837 subjects are physiologically plausible. Table 1 contains basic population and hemodynamic statistics. SBP and DBP of the radial artery and central aortic are 95 mmHg–168 mmHg and 48 mmHg–87 mmHg, as shown in Figure 1.
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Publication 2023
Aorta Arteries Arteries, Radial Blood Pressure Hemodynamics Pulse Rate
The procedure was performed in a cardiac catheterization laboratory (Cath lab). After local anesthesia, a catheter was guided into the coronary arteries through the femoral or radial artery. Patients received aspirin, clopidogrel, and heparin according to standard protocols prior to coronary angioplasty [23 (link)]. All angiographic variables were assessed by an experienced interventional cardiologist who was blinded to other data. SYNTAX score was calculated using the calculator provided by the SYNTAX score website [24 ]. Patients were divided into two groups based on the SYNTAX score: low risk (SS ≤ 15) and intermediate/ high risk (SS > 15).
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Publication 2023
Angiography Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary Arteries, Radial Artery, Coronary Aspirin Cardiologists Catheterizations, Cardiac Catheters Clopidogrel Femur Heparin Local Anesthesia Patients

Top products related to «Arteries, Radial»

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The SphygmoCor is a non-invasive medical device developed by AtCor Medical. Its core function is to measure and analyze the arterial pulse wave, providing insights into the cardiovascular system's health and function.
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The SphygmoCor system is a non-invasive diagnostic device used to measure arterial stiffness and central blood pressure. It utilizes applanation tonometry to capture pressure waveforms from the radial artery, which are then analyzed to derive various parameters related to cardiovascular function.
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The HEM-9000AI is a blood pressure monitor that provides accurate and consistent blood pressure measurements. It features advanced sensors and algorithms to deliver reliable results.
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The SphygmoCor device is a non-invasive diagnostic tool designed to measure central blood pressure and arterial stiffness. It utilizes applanation tonometry technology to assess the mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system.
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The SPT-301 is a laboratory equipment designed for the measurement and analysis of thermal properties. It is capable of determining the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of various materials. The device operates using established scientific principles and protocols to provide accurate and reliable data for research and testing purposes.
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The SphygmoCor software is a data analysis tool developed by AtCor Medical. It is designed to process and analyze waveform data obtained from medical devices, such as those used for measuring blood pressure and arterial stiffness. The software provides analytical capabilities to healthcare professionals, enabling them to assess cardiovascular health parameters.
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The IntelliVue MX800 is a modular patient monitoring system designed for use in healthcare settings. It provides continuous monitoring of a patient's vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. The device is capable of displaying real-time data on its integrated display and can be connected to a larger hospital monitoring network.
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The Radifocus Introducer II is a medical device used for vascular access during diagnostic or interventional procedures. It provides a pathway for the insertion of catheters or other medical instruments into blood vessels. The device consists of a sheath and dilator, which facilitate the controlled introduction of instruments into the vascular system.

More about "Arteries, Radial"

The radial artery is a crucial blood vessel located in the forearm, providing oxygenated blood to the hand and wrist.
It is widely used for various medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterization and blood pressure monitoring.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the radial artery is essential for clinicians to ensure safe and effective patient outcomes.
The radial artery is often used in conjunction with devices like the SphygmoCor system, HEM-9000AI, and SPC-301, which are used for non-invasive assessment of central blood pressure and arterial stiffness.
The TR band is a device that helps control bleeding after radial artery procedures.
The SphygmoCor device and software are used to analyze the pulse waveform and provide valuable insights into cardiovascular health.
Other related terms and devices include the Radifocus Introducer II, which is used for radial artery access, and the IntelliVue MX800 patient monitor, which can be used to monitor radial artery pressure.
The SPT-301 is a specialized probe used with the SphygmoCor system to detect the radial pulse.
Staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in radial artery technology and understanding their applications is crucial for clinicians to provide the best possible care for their patients.
Whether you're conducting research, performing medical interventions, or monitoring cardiovascular health, the insights gained from the radial artery can be invaluable.