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Axillary Artery

The axillary artery is a major blood vessel located in the armpit region, supplying oxygenated blood to the upper limb.
It is a continuation of the subclavian artery, extending from the outer border of the first rib to the lower border of the teres major muscle.
The axillary artery gives off several important branches, including the thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, and subscapular arteries, which provide blood flow to the shoulder, chest, and back muscles.
Understanding the anatomy and variations of the axillary artery is crucial for medical professionals performing surgical procedures in the axillary region, such as mastectomies, axillary lymph node dissections, and reconstructive surgeries.
Researchers can leverge PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool to optimize their axillary artrey research and discover the best protocols and products from the literature.

Most cited protocols related to «Axillary Artery»

1
Reliability of Ultrasound in Giant Cell Arteritis
All members of the OMERACT LVV-US Working Group were asked to submit 16 representative still images and 20 representative videos (figures 1-3): eight still images and eight videos represented normal anatomical segments (common temporal artery, frontal branch, parietal branch and axillar arteries) in longitudinal and transverse planes; and the eight other still images and eight videos represented the same segments exhibiting the ‘halo’ sign. Four additional videos showed a positive and a negative ‘compression’ sign of the temporal artery branches in longitudinal and transverse views, respectively. All pathological images and videos originated from patients with active disease who met the expanded ACR classification criteria of GCA, and in whom diagnosis was confirmed either by temporal artery biopsy or on a clinical basis, including US and follow-up.19 (link) The images and videos were collected by a facilitator of the group (SC) who constructed an electronic database using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA) hosted by a server from the Italian Society for Rheumatology.20 (link)
From 550 submitted images and videos, 150 images and videos were selected by the facilitator for the web-based reliability exercise: 20 videos of axillary arteries, 20 still images of axillary arteries, 45 videos of temporal arteries, 45 still images of temporal arteries and 20 videos of the ‘compression’ sign applied to temporal arteries. The distribution between longitudinal/transverse views and normal/pathological vessels was as follows: temporal artery still images and videos: transverse 56, longitudinal 54, pathological 57 and normal 53. Axillary artery still images and videos: transverse 18, longitudinal 22, pathological 19 and normal 21. A link with the web-based exercise was sent to the same physicians who participated in the Delphi process, asking them to apply the definitions agreed in the Delphi exercise to decide whether each still image or video was suggestive of vasculitis according to the definitions. Two weeks after the first evaluation, the participants received the same images and videos in a different order for evaluating the intra-rater agreement.
All images and videos were anonymised for patients’ data, the centre where the image was obtained, US machine settings/producer and intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements. Images and videos from patients were only submitted from countries without restrictions for patient image transfer.
Chrysidis S., Duftner C., Dejaco C., Schäfer V.S., Ramiro S., Carrara G., Scirè C.A., Hocevar A., Diamantopoulos A.P., Iagnocco A., Mukhtyar C., Ponte C., Naredo E., De Miguel E., Bruyn G.A., Warrington K.J., Terslev L., Milchert M., D’Agostino M.A., Koster M.J., Rastalsky N., Hanova P., Macchioni P., Kermani T.A., Lorenzen T., Døhn U.M., Fredberg U., Hartung W., Dasgupta B, & Schmidt W.A. (2018). Definitions and reliability assessment of elementary ultrasound lesions in giant cell arteritis: a study from the OMERACT Large Vessel Vasculitis Ultrasound Working Group. RMD Open, 4(1), e000598.
Publication 2018
Axillary Artery Biopsy Blood Vessel Diagnosis Patients Patient Transfer Physicians Temporal Arteries Tunica Intima Vasculitis
2
Multisite Vascular Ultrasound Imaging Protocol
For the US measurements, a GE Logic E9 US system (LOGIQ E9 XDclear 2.0 General Electric Medical Systems US, Wauwatosa, WI, USA) with linear transducer L2-9 MHz was used. For the aortic arch, a C1-6 MHz transducer was used. IMT was measured in common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), subclavian artery (SCA), axillar artery (AxA), common femoral artery (CFA), superficial femoral artery (SFA) and the aortic arch. Measuring principles are shown in Figure 1a. Both sides were investigated. The procedure has been described previously (28 (link)), with an addition of CFA and SFA in this study. For IMT measurements in CCA a 10 mm wide box was placed over the common carotid artery far wall, near (10 mm) the carotid bifurcation. A mean value of all measured far wall points in the box was presented. For validation of the method two repeated measurements were performed. Maximum systolic flow velocity was measured in all vessels to evaluate possible arterial stenosis. Plaques were defined as focal areas in the vessel wall where IMT showed increase of either 0.5 mm or 50% compared to the IMT in the adjacent wall.
In areas free of plaques with IMT ≥0.9 mm for carotid and central arteries, and ≥1.2 mm for the aortic arch, the vessel wall was assessed regarding echogenicity (low–medium–high). Furthermore, distribution and presence of fibrotic stripes were noted. The cutoff value of ≥0.9 mm was chosen due to the latest European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) hypertension guidelines (29 (link)). For the aortic arch a higher cutoff value was chosen due to generally higher aortic arch IMT values among our healthy controls, according to results from earlier studies (30 (link)). Plaques were assessed regarding echogenicity (low–medium–high), distribution, irregularity (homogenicity or heterogenicity) and cap (smooth surface or ulceration).
A standardized examination procedure was used in all individuals. The participant had to rest 15 min before the test which was performed in a room with a temperature of 25°C, dim lighting and no outer disturbances. All participants were asked to refrain from coffee 4 h prior to the measurements.
The same vascular sonographer performed all US examinations and offline measurements performed after the exam. The sonographer was blinded to which classification criteria the patients with SLE fulfilled, but not blinded to whether the participants were patients or controls.
Svensson C., Eriksson P., Zachrisson H, & Sjöwall C. (2020). High-Frequency Ultrasound of Multiple Arterial Areas Reveals Increased Intima Media Thickness, Vessel Wall Appearance, and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 581336.
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Publication 2020
Arch of the Aorta Arteries Axillary Artery Blood Vessel Cardiovascular System Carotid Arteries Coffee Common Carotid Artery Common Femoral Artery Electricity Europeans Femoral Artery Fibrosis High Blood Pressures Homozygote Internal Carotid Arteries Patients Physical Examination Senile Plaques Stenosis Subclavian Artery Systole Transducers Ulcer
3
Ultrasound Assessment of Temporal Artery Halo
Ultrasound scans were performed by a single, experienced ultrasonographer (BD) with an Esaote MyLab70 or MyLabTwice. A linear probe (LA435) with a grey-scale frequency of 18 MHz and colour Doppler frequency of 9 MHz was used. The focus was positioned at 5 mm below the skin for the TA. The pulse repetition frequency was 2–3 kHz. The colour box was set at an angle of at least 60°. The gain setting was adjusted to just fill the lumen. Patients were lying in a (semi-)recumbent position during the examination. The common superficial TA, its parietal and frontal branches, as well as the axillary arteries were fully and bilaterally examined in the long and short planes. In each vascular territory, the thickness of the largest halo was measured with one decimal place at the point of maximum thickness in the longitudinal plane. The ultrasonographer was not blinded to the clinical data of the patient. An ultrasound expert panel evaluated all scans and reports to monitor the scan quality and the adequacy of the reported findings. A halo sign was morphologically defined as an ultrasound finding of a dark hypoechoic area around the vessel lumen. A composite Halo Score was developed based on percentiles of halo thickness in patients with GCA.
van der Geest K.S., Borg F., Kayani A., Paap D., Gondo P., Schmidt W., Luqmani R.A, & Dasgupta B. (2020). Novel ultrasonographic Halo Score for giant cell arteritis: assessment of diagnostic accuracy and association with ocular ischaemia. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 79(3), 393-399.
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Publication 2020
Axillary Artery Blood Vessel Patients Pulse Rate Radionuclide Imaging Skin Ultrasonography
4
Aortic Reconstruction with Circulatory Arrest

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Publication 2013
Aorta Arterial Dissection Arteries Axillary Artery Cannula Cannulation Cardiac Arrest Cardiovascular System Chest Common Cold Dacron Descending Aorta Femoral Artery Free Radicals Grafts Patients Perfusion Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Reperfusion Surgical Anastomoses Vein, Femoral Veins Wound Healing
5
Harvesting Human Skeletal Muscle Arteries
Human skeletal muscle feed arteries from the axillary and inguinal regions were obtained during melanoma-related node dissection surgeries at the Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah. Patients were anaesthetized using a standard protocol including: propofol, fentanyl, benzodiazepines, and succinylcholine. After removal of sentinel lymph nodes or lymph node dissection, skeletal muscle feed arteries in the axillary (e.g. serratus anterior, or latissimus dorsi) or inguinal (e.g. hip adductors, or quadriceps femoris) regions were identified and classified as feed arteries based on entry into a muscle bed, structure, coloration, and pulsatile bleed pattern. The vessels were ligated, excised, and immediately placed in iced physiological saline solution and brought to the laboratory within 15 minutes of harvesting.
Ives S.J., Andtbacka R.H., Noyes R.D., Morgan R.G., Symons J.D., Gifford J., Park S.Y, & Richardson R.S. (2012). Alpha1-adrenergic responsiveness in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: The impact of reducing extracellular pH. Experimental physiology, 98(1), 256-267.
Publication 2012
Arteries Axillary Artery Benzodiazepines Blood Vessel Dissection Fentanyl Groin Homo sapiens Latissimus Dorsi Lymph Node Dissection Lymph Node Excision Melanoma Muscle Tissue Operative Surgical Procedures Patients physiology Propofol Quadriceps Femoris Saline Solution Skeletal Muscles Succinylcholine

Most recents protocols related to «Axillary Artery»

1
Anatomical Vascular Model Development
A representative anatomical model of the aorta and cerebral vasculature was used in this study (Figure 1). The model was designed and fabricated by United Biologics (Irvine, CA, United States) based on patient medical image data from several sources (e.g., the NIH Visible Human Project, patient-specific CT data). The in vitro model (Figure 1) is made of silicone with an elastic modulus of 3.1–3.4 N/mm2, which is representative of human arteries. The entire model includes the aorta, common carotid arteries, internal and external carotid arteries, axillary arteries, middle cerebral arteries, and anterior cerebral arteries. In addition, a corresponding computational model of the in vitro model was reconstructed from high-resolution 3D micro computed tomography (μ-CT) scans (Figure 2A).
Bhardwaj S., Craven B.A., Sever J.E., Costanzo F., Simon S.D, & Manning K.B. (2023). Modeling flow in an in vitro anatomical cerebrovascular model with experimental validation. Frontiers in Medical Technology, 5, 1130201.
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Publication 2023
Aorta Arteries Axillary Artery Biological Factors Cerebral Arteries, Anterior Common Carotid Artery External Carotid Arteries Homo sapiens Middle Cerebral Artery Patients Silicones X-Ray Computed Tomography
2
Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Pigs
All procedures on pigs were approved by the Johns Hopkins University Animal Care and Use Committee and by the Animal Care and Use Review Office of the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command for Award Number W81XWH-19-C-0022 (Fort Detrick, MD). In conducting research using animals, the investigators adhered to the Animal Welfare Act Regulations and other Federal statutes relating to animals and experiments involving animals and the principles set forth in the current version of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council.
Because there can be sex differences in the response to TBI (43 (link), 44 (link)) and TBI in the young and in military personnel is more prevalent in males (45 (link)), the study was conducted in male pigs. A total of 48 pigs weighing 28 ± 2 kg and approximately 3 months of age were used in the overall study. The experimental protocols for the TBI + HS experiment and the TBI alone experiment are delineated in Figure 1. The pigs were sedated with intramuscular injection of Telazol (50 mg/ml tiletamine and 50 mg/ml zolazepam, 4.4 mg/kg each component), ketamine 2.2 mg/kg and xylazine 2.2 mg/kg. Isoflurane (4% in 30% O2) was administered via face mask to produce an anesthetic depth for oral intubation of the trachea. After a surgical plane of anesthesia was achieved, as assessed by the lack of limb withdrawal to hoof pinching and by looseness of muscle tone in the jaw, anesthesia was maintained with 2% isoflurane in approximately 30% O2 with mechanical ventilation of the lungs. The antibiotic Baytril 10 mg/kg (100 mg/ml) was injected intramuscularly. Surgery was conducted using aseptic techniques. Through a 5-cm neck incision, an external jugular vein was isolated by blunt dissection. The vein was ligated and a catheter was advanced toward the heart and secured with another ligature. For arterial catheterization, we chose the axillary artery because occlusion of the carotid artery could limit cerebral blood flow after TBI and catheterization of the femoral artery can limit use of the hindlimb. An incision was made in the axilla, and the axillary artery was isolated, ligated, and cannulated with a flexible polyvinyl catheter that minimized kinking. The arterial and venous catheters were tunneled subcutaneously to the back of the neck, where they exited through a small incision. Pigs were able to bear weight on the forelimb and ambulate on the day after surgery.
Wang J., Shi Y., Cao S., Liu X., Martin L.J., Simoni J., Soltys B.J., Hsia C.J, & Koehler R.C. (2023). Polynitroxylated PEGylated hemoglobin protects pig brain neocortical gray and white matter after traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. Frontiers in Medical Technology, 5, 1074643.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Anesthetics Animals Animals, Laboratory Antibiotics Arterial Occlusion Arteries Asepsis Axilla Axillary Artery Baytril Bears Carotid Arteries Catheterization Catheters Cerebrovascular Circulation Common Carotid Artery Dental Occlusion Dissection Face Femoral Artery Heart Hindlimb Hoof Intramuscular Injection Intubation, Intratracheal Isoflurane Jugular Vein Ketamine Ligature Males Mechanical Ventilation Military Personnel Muscle Tonus Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Pigs Polyvinyls Telazol Tiletamine Upper Extremity Veins Xylazine Zolazepam
3
Surgical Approach for Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure
Our standard surgical approach to FET has been described previously [4 (link)]. Usually, axillary artery cannulation is the preferred route of cannulation at the participating centres. Axillary artery cannulation is performed prior to sternotomy either directly or through an 8-mm graft, according to preference of the operating surgeon. If cannulation of the right axillary artery is not possible, the carotid arteries may be cannulated unilaterally. In some cases, two cannulation sites are used to reduce the risk of false lumen perfusion through one of the cannulation sites, whenever risk for this was increased. After median sternotomy, right atrial venous cannulation establishes cardio-pulmonary bypass. The routine target temperature during the procedure is set to 24–34 °C, depending on the complexity of the procedure. Unilateral selective cerebral perfusion (SACP) is performed via the arterial cannulation site under continuous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring.
Pathological parts of the aorta are resected, and resection may be performed up to zone 3. Sizing of the stent graft is according to the dimension of the native non-diseased aorta or true aortic lumen in patients with acute or chronic aortic dissection, with 5–10% oversizing to minimize risk of type Ib endoleak [4 (link)]. The E-vita OPEN NEO is guided downstream over the wire and deployed. The graft is fixed by a circumferential suture with the collar inside and a Teflon strip outside the aorta. Selective distal perfusion via the side branch is started after retrograde de-airing and clamping of the arch graft. The 10- and 8-mm proximal side branches are used for supra-aortic vessels, respectively. The ascending aorta may also be replaced using an additional graft.
El-Sayed Ahmad A., Silaschi M., Borger M., Seidiramool V., Hamiko M., Leontyev S., Zierer A., Doss M., Etz C.D., Benedikt P., Bramlage P, & Bakhtiary F. (2023). The Frozen Elephant Technique Using a Novel Hybrid Prosthesis for Extensive Aortic Arch Disease: A Multicentre Study. Advances in Therapy, 40(3), 1104-1113.
Publication 2023
Aorta Arteries Ascending Aorta Atrium, Right Axillary Artery Blood Vessel Cannulation Cardiopulmonary Bypass Carotid Arteries Dissecting Aneurysms Endoleak Grafts Median Sternotomy Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Perfusion Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared Stents Sternotomy Surgeons Sutures Teflon Veins
4
Surgical Procedures for Aortic Replacement
All patients received surgery with median sternotomy and CPB. In patients with ascending aorta replacement, femoral artery intubation was used for CPB. Right axillary artery cannulation was performed for CPB in patients with hemi-arch replacement and total arch replacement and selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) (5–15 mL/(kg·min)). The specific surgical procedures have been described in detail in previous articles [11 (link),12 (link),13 (link),14 (link),15 (link),16 (link),17 (link)].
Xu S., Wu Z., Liu Y., Zhu J., Gong M., Sun L., Ran D, & Zhang H. (2023). Influence of Preoperative Serum Albumin on Acute Kidney Injury after Aortic Surgery for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1581.
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Publication 2023
Ascending Aorta Axillary Artery Cannulation Femoral Artery Intubation Median Sternotomy Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Perfusion
5
Anatomical Dissection of Rhesus Monkey Thoracic Limbs
The left and right thoracic limbs of each rhesus monkey were subjected to anatomical dissection. As such, the presented results are based on ten thoracic limbs. Photographs, however, were only taken of the left thoracic limb, as the left lateral view is custom in most anatomy books and atlases. A Canon EOS 450D body (Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) combined with a Canon EF-S 18–200 mm f/3.5–5.6 IS lens (Canon Inc.) was used. Editing of the photographs was performed using GIMP 2.10.30 (gimp.org) and included cropping, adjusting the lighting, optimizing the color temperature, and providing a plain black background.
In order to facilitate the dissection of the blood vessels, latex injection was performed [16 (link)]. The arterial system of the thoracic limb was filled with red-colored latex (V-sure Eco Latex, Vosschemie Benelux, Belgium) by orthograde injection into the axillary artery. The superficial venous system was filled with blue-colored latex. The cephalic vein was injected in orthograde direction at the level of the carpus (wrist).
Casteleyn C., Gram C, & Bakker J. (2023). Topographical Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)—Part I: Thoracic Limb. Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 164.
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Publication 2023
Axillary Artery Dissection Dissection, Blood Vessel GIMP Human Body Latex Lens, Crystalline Macaca mulatta Thoracic Arteries Veins Wrist

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More about "Axillary Artery"

The axillary artery is a critical blood vessel located in the armpit region, also known as the axilla.
It is a continuation of the subclavian artery, extending from the outer border of the first rib to the lower border of the teres major muscle.
This major artery supplies oxygenated blood to the upper limb, playing a vital role in the vascular anatomy of the shoulder and upper extremity.
The axillary artery gives off several important branches, including the thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, and subscapular arteries.
These vessels provide essential blood flow to the shoulder, chest, and back muscles, respectively.
Understanding the detailed anatomy and potential variations of the axillary artery is crucial for medical professionals performing surgical procedures in the axillary region, such as mastectomies, axillary lymph node dissections, and reconstructive surgeries.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool to optimize their axillary artery research and discover the best protocols and products from the literature, including preprints and patents.
This intelligent research optimization tool can help researchers uncover the most effective and efficient methods for studying the axillary artery, from analysis using Microtainer tubes and the Logic E9 US system to measuring nitric oxide levels with the ENO-20 NOx analysis system and utilizing Quantikine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
By incorporating related terms like the subclavian artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, and subscapular artery, as well as abbreviations like ELISA, researchers can ensure their content is comprehensive and easily understood by their target audience.
Additionally, including information about relevant products and instruments, such as the Mywire 10, Mylab 70, and Vectastain ABC kit, can provide valuable context and guidance for researchers in their axillary artery studies.
Through the use of PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool and the integration of relevant terms, abbreviations, and product information, researchers can enhance their understanding of the axillary artery and optimize their research efforts, ultimately contributing to advancements in medical knowledge and patient care.