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> Anatomy > Body Part > Common Femoral Artery

Common Femoral Artery

The common femoral artery is a major blood vessel in the leg that supplies oxygenated blood to the thigh and lower extremity.
It is a continuation of the external iliac artery and extends from the inguinal ligament to the beginning of the superficial femoral artery.
The common femoral artery is an important anatomial landmark and is frequently accessed for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Proper undersatding of its course and variants is crucial for clinicians performing vascular interventions in the lower limb.

Most cited protocols related to «Common Femoral Artery»

1
Measuring Carotid and Femoral Pulse Wave Velocities
Although it is not possible to analyze the carotid and femoral waves simultaneously, they can be normalized separately with the electrocardiogram (ECG) (gatting). We used a pulsed Doppler ultrasound with a Linear Array (6.6 MHZ) probe, synchronized with ECG and a two-second minimum sliding window (MyLab25, Esaote, Florence, Italy). The examination began with the patient in a supine position after locating the carotid artery with B-mode at the supraclavicular level (1-2 cm of the bifurcation). We then identified the wave Doppler flow simultaneously with ECG. The process was repeated on the common femoral artery in the groin. We performed three recordings of the carotid artery and three recordings of the femoral artery in the groin. Each recording involved two or three cardiac cycles. To find the transit time (TT), we measured the time from the R wave of QRS to the foot of the waveform using digital calipers (Figure 2). Six heart rate measurements were taken and the average was calculated. To determine the velocity, we used the same distance as the Complior® system.
To check reproducibility two blinded observers separately measured the PWV using the Doppler images of 10 consecutive patients. One observer later repeated the measurements twice at different times.
Calabia J., Torguet P., Garcia M., Garcia I., Martin N., Guasch B., Faur D, & Vallés M. (2011). Doppler ultrasound in the measurement of pulse wave velocity: agreement with the Complior method. Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 9, 13.
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Publication 2011
Carotid Arteries Common Carotid Artery Common Femoral Artery Electrocardiography Femoral Artery Femur Fingers Foot Groin Heart Patients Pulsed Ultrasound Rate, Heart
2
Quantifying Atherosclerotic Burden with Ultrasound
Left and right common (CCA), internal and external carotid arteries and common femoral (CFA) arteries were examined (B-Mode and Doppler ultrasound, 7–13 MHz, linear transducer, M-Turbo, SonoSite Inc., Bothell, WA, USA) [26 ]. Transverse and longitudinal arterial views were obtained to assess the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Near and far walls were analyzed, and images were obtained from anterior, lateral, and posterior angles. An atherosclerotic plaque was defined as focal wall thickening at least 50% greater than adjacent sectors, focal thickening that protrudes into the lumen at least 0.5 mm or intima-media thickness (IMT) ≥1.5 mm [26 ]. Plaque thickness was quantified at the site of maximal luminal infiltration, as the distance (perpendicular to the vessel wall) between the media-adventitia interface and the luminal surface of the plaque (automated procedures and digital calipers). Atherosclerotic burden was defined taking into account the number of plaques detected and territories compromised [1 (link)]. Additionally, atherosclerotic burden was defined considering dichotomous variables: 1 vs. ˃1 atherosclerotic plaques or territories with atherosclerotic plaques (carotid or femoral vs. carotid and femoral).
Marin M., Bia D, & Zócalo Y. (2020). Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 7(1), 11.
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Publication 2020
Adventitia Arteries Blood Vessel Carotid Arteries Common Femoral Artery Dental Plaque External Carotid Arteries Femur Fingers Phenobarbital Plaque, Atherosclerotic Senile Plaques Transducers Tunica Intima Ultrasounds, Doppler
3
Comprehensive Sonographic Evaluation of Atherosclerosis
Doppler ultrasonography examinations of carotid and lower limb arteries, involving in the measurement of intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic plaque and stenosis, have been previously described in details [26 (link), 27 (link), 30 (link), 32 (link)]. That is, the ultrasonographic examination was carried out by three experienced ultrasonographers using a machine Acuson Sequoia 512 with a probe of 5–13-MHz MHz according to a standardized protocol. After the participants had kept in the supine position for 5 min, the transducer was successively placed on the neck and lower limbs to manifest blood vessel imaging and blood flow characteristics. At each location, IMT and atherosclerotic plaques were recorded. Carotid arteries were examined bilaterally at the levels of the common carotid arteries, the bifurcation, the external carotid arteries, and the internal carotid arteries from transverse and longitudinal orientations. Lower limb arteries were evaluated bilaterally at the levels of the seven locations: common femoral artery, profunda femoris artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery. The measurement reproducibilities of the above atherosclerotic lesions have also been indicated previously [27 (link), 32 (link)].
Li M.F., Zhao C.C., Li T.T., Tu Y.F., Lu J.X., Zhang R., Chen M.Y., Bao Y.Q., Li L.X, & Jia W.P. (2016). The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 15, 43.
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Publication 2016
Arteries Blood Circulation Blood Vessel Carotid Arteries Common Carotid Artery Common Femoral Artery External Carotid Arteries Femoral Artery Internal Carotid Arteries Lower Extremity Mental Orientation Neck Physical Examination Plaque, Atherosclerotic Popliteal Artery Sequoia Stenosis Tibial Arteries, Anterior Tibial Arteries, Posterior Transducers Tunica Intima Ultrasounds, Doppler
4
Femoral Nerve Cross-Sectional Dimensions
We determined the cross-sectional dimensions of the compound femoral nerve just distal to the inguinal ligament in six subjects. All subjects were male, mean ± standard deviation (SD) 62.20 ± 5.56 years (range 51–66). We received approval for nerve exposures in subjects undergoing elective vascular surgery from the Institutional Review Board of the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Subjects underwent standard longitudinal groin incisions to expose the common femoral artery for bypass. Concurrently, we dissected the femoral nerve at that level. We exposed the nerve and then determined the dimensions. We also measured nerve widths using surgical photographs.
Gustafson K.J., Pinault G.C., Neville J.J., Syed I., Davis JA J.r., Jean-Claude J, & Triolo R.J. (2009). Fascicular anatomy of human femoral nerve: Implications for neural prostheses using nerve cuff electrodes. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 46(7), 973-984.
Publication 2009
Common Femoral Artery Ethics Committees, Research Groin Ligaments Males Nerves, Femoral Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Vascular Surgical Procedures Veterans
5
Multisite Vascular Ultrasound Imaging Protocol
For the US measurements, a GE Logic E9 US system (LOGIQ E9 XDclear 2.0 General Electric Medical Systems US, Wauwatosa, WI, USA) with linear transducer L2-9 MHz was used. For the aortic arch, a C1-6 MHz transducer was used. IMT was measured in common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), subclavian artery (SCA), axillar artery (AxA), common femoral artery (CFA), superficial femoral artery (SFA) and the aortic arch. Measuring principles are shown in Figure 1a. Both sides were investigated. The procedure has been described previously (28 (link)), with an addition of CFA and SFA in this study. For IMT measurements in CCA a 10 mm wide box was placed over the common carotid artery far wall, near (10 mm) the carotid bifurcation. A mean value of all measured far wall points in the box was presented. For validation of the method two repeated measurements were performed. Maximum systolic flow velocity was measured in all vessels to evaluate possible arterial stenosis. Plaques were defined as focal areas in the vessel wall where IMT showed increase of either 0.5 mm or 50% compared to the IMT in the adjacent wall.
In areas free of plaques with IMT ≥0.9 mm for carotid and central arteries, and ≥1.2 mm for the aortic arch, the vessel wall was assessed regarding echogenicity (low–medium–high). Furthermore, distribution and presence of fibrotic stripes were noted. The cutoff value of ≥0.9 mm was chosen due to the latest European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) hypertension guidelines (29 (link)). For the aortic arch a higher cutoff value was chosen due to generally higher aortic arch IMT values among our healthy controls, according to results from earlier studies (30 (link)). Plaques were assessed regarding echogenicity (low–medium–high), distribution, irregularity (homogenicity or heterogenicity) and cap (smooth surface or ulceration).
A standardized examination procedure was used in all individuals. The participant had to rest 15 min before the test which was performed in a room with a temperature of 25°C, dim lighting and no outer disturbances. All participants were asked to refrain from coffee 4 h prior to the measurements.
The same vascular sonographer performed all US examinations and offline measurements performed after the exam. The sonographer was blinded to which classification criteria the patients with SLE fulfilled, but not blinded to whether the participants were patients or controls.
Svensson C., Eriksson P., Zachrisson H, & Sjöwall C. (2020). High-Frequency Ultrasound of Multiple Arterial Areas Reveals Increased Intima Media Thickness, Vessel Wall Appearance, and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 581336.
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Publication 2020
Arch of the Aorta Arteries Axillary Artery Blood Vessel Cardiovascular System Carotid Arteries Coffee Common Carotid Artery Common Femoral Artery Electricity Europeans Femoral Artery Fibrosis High Blood Pressures Homozygote Internal Carotid Arteries Patients Physical Examination Senile Plaques Stenosis Subclavian Artery Systole Transducers Ulcer

Most recents protocols related to «Common Femoral Artery»

1
Endovascular Treatment of Vertebral Artery Dissection Aneurysm
In general, endotracheal intubation anesthesia, a puncture was performed on the common femoral artery on the right side using the Seldinger technique. The right subclavian was usually used for the right-sided VADA, whereas the left subclavian is selected for the left-sided VADA. The subclavian artery was then inserted with a 7Fr shuttle sheath (Cordis, USA). The Pipeline flow diverter (PEDTM, Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) or Tubridge flow diverter (TUBTM; MicroPort, Shanghai, China) was deployed along the vertebral artery to treat the VADA. In our experience, coiling-assisted FD deployment was conducted only when the aneurysm was acutely ruptured or the maximal aneurysm length was larger than 20 mm (12 (link)). As all VADAs in our study are unruptured, no coiling was used during all operations. On a control angiogram, the wall apposition status was assessed, and ultra-compliant balloon or micro guidewire-loop technology was used in the event that better wall apposition was required.
Lu X., Zhang Y., Zhou H., Jian L., Yin S., Li T, & Huang W. (2023). Flow diverters in the treatment of unruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm: A single-center experience. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1050619.
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Publication 2023
Aneurysm Angiography Common Femoral Artery General Anesthesia Intubation, Intratracheal Punctures Subclavian Artery Vertebral Artery
2
Ultrasound Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis
All vascular ultrasound evaluations were performed by the same blinded assessor (GK). Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by the presence of plaques in a total of eight arterial beds (left and right, common and internal, carotid arteries and carotid bulb, and both common femoral arteries) by ultrasound. Atherosclerotic plaques were defined as the local increase of the intima–media thickness (IMT) of >50% compared with the surrounding vessel wall, an IMT of >1.5 mm or local thickening of >0.5 mm.25 (link) Progression of atherosclerosis was defined as either (1) new appearance of plaques in individuals without plaques at baseline or (2) increase in number of plaques in individuals who already had plaques at the same carotid or femoral artery. Measurements were performed using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound (Vivid 7 Pro, GE Healthcare) with a 12 MHz linear matrix array transducer.
Panopoulos S., Drosos G.C., Konstantonis G., Sfikakis P.P, & Tektonidou M.G. (2023). Generic and disease-adapted cardiovascular risk scores as predictors of atherosclerosis progression in SLE. Lupus Science & Medicine, 10(1), e000864.
Publication 2023
Arteries Atherosclerosis Blood Vessel Carotid Arteries Common Femoral Artery Disease Progression Femoral Artery Internal Carotid Arteries Plaque, Atherosclerotic Senile Plaques Sinus, Carotid Transducers Tunica Intima Ultrasonics
3
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Technique
Our study was a single center, prospective registry in which consecutive patients, who underwent TAVI between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, were included. All patients were scheduled for TAVI by the Heart Team based on clinical indications and following multidisciplinary evaluation. All procedures were performed by an interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon, acting as a team. The choice between PA and SA as well as the left or right femoral artery access was left to the operators’ discretion, based on a computed tomography (CT) and cardiologist’s and surgeon’s consensus. Images from CT were evaluated for optimal access type and puncture site in terms of calcifications distribution within femoral and iliac arteries as well as their anatomic course. Percutaneous access was obtained after cross-over angiography performed with a pigtail catheter, to determine the optimal puncture site with subsequent 6 Fr sheath introduction followed by two Proglides insertion and an 8 Fr sheath. Finally, a delivery sheath was inserted. In both groups, unfractionated heparin was administrated with control activated clotting time between 250–300 s. TAVI procedure was performed typically under analgosedation. For arterial closure, two Proglide devices with additional 8 Fr Angio-Seal were used in the PA group, after the administration of 50 mg protamine sulphate. Cross-over angiography was also performed at the end of the procedure to exclude bleeding. In the PA direct left ventricle wire pacing was the dominant method of pacing without access to venous system [13 (link), 14 (link)]. Surgical access for TAVI required a transverse exposure of the common femoral artery. The procedure was performed in local anesthesia. It began with a skin incision as small as possible to minimize the wound size and further complications. The surgeon exposed the artery with subsequent puncture of the artery and insertion of 6 Fr sheath, followed by an exchange for a delivery sheath over the stiff wire. For the closure of the femoral artery, a suture was used with a subsequent contralateral contrast safety injection. Additional contralateral arterial and/or venous access sites were also closed with 6 Fr Angio-Seal devices in both groups.
Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, together with frailty evaluation by the Canadian Study of Health and Aging scale (CSHA) and procedural data were assessed [15 (link)]. Peri- and postprocedural complications, including bleeding, were assessed according to The Valve Academic Research Consortium endpoint definitions (VARC-2) criteria [16 (link)]. Finally, clinical outcomes at 30 days were assessed. The study was approved by the institutional ethics board.
Wiewiórka Ł., Trębacz J., Sobczyński R., Stąpór M., Ostrowska-Kaim E., Konstanty-Kalandyk J., Musiał R., Gackowski A., Malinowski K., Kleczyński P., Żmudka K., Kapelak B, & Legutko J. (2023). Computed tomography guided tailored approach to transfemoral access in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Cardiology Journal, 30(1), 51-58.
Publication 2023
Angiography Arteries Cardiologists Catheters Common Femoral Artery Crossing Over, Genetic Echocardiography Femoral Artery Femur Heart Heparin Iliac Artery Left Ventricles Local Anesthesia Medical Devices Obstetric Delivery Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Phocidae Physiologic Calcification Punctures Safety Skin Sulfate, Protamine Surgeons Sutures Veins Wounds X-Ray Computed Tomography
4
Prostatic Artery Embolization Procedure
All PAE were performed using a therapeutic angiographic unit with a digital flat-panel detector system (Allura Xper FD20; Phillips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) equipped with cone beam CT option. First, the right common femoral artery (CFA) was punctured in seldinger technique and 5F-sheath was inserted. Probing of left internal iliac artery was conducted using a 5F-RIM, 5F-SIM-1, and a hydrophilic guidewire. Next, DSA in an angulated series (LAO 30°, CRAN 10°) or CBCT (using 3D road map) was performed to identify the origin of the left prostatic artery (PA). Afterwards, a microcatheter (Direxion, Bern-Shape, 2.7/2.4 Fr; Boston Scientific; Marlborough, MA, USA) was coaxially inserted and probing of left the PA was performed using a microwire (Fathom 0.016’’). CBCT was executed applying 5 ml of diluted contrast (Iomeron 400/NaCl; 50:50) at 0.2 ml/s to check embolization position and exclude collateral vessels. If collaterals were observed to penis, bladder or rectum, these branches were occluded temporarily using Gelfoam. Microcatheter was placed distally in wedge position. Embolization was conducted using 250 µm-particles (Embozene Microspheres, Varian Medical Systems, Paolo Alto, CA) and subsequent 350-500 µm-Contour-particles (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts) until full stasis in the vessel was achieved. Embolization was performed subsequently on the right side in the same way. In case of insufficient probing/catheter positioning (e.g., due to vessel stenosis) or if protective embolization of collateral vessels was unfeasible on one or both sides, prostate embolization was not conducted, respectively. After completing embolization all extraneous material was eliminated, and the puncture side was closed using 6F Angioseal.
Boschheidgen M., Al-Monajjed R., Minko P., Jannusch K., Ullrich T., Radke K.L., Michalski R., Radtke J.P., Albers P., Antoch G, & Schimmöller L. (2023). Influence of benign prostatic hyperplasia patterns detected with MRI on the clinical outcome after prostatic artery embolization. CVIR Endovascular, 6, 9.
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Publication 2023
Angiography Arteries Blood Vessel Catheters Common Femoral Artery Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Embolization, Therapeutic Fingers Gelfoam Group Therapy Iliac Artery Iomeron Microspheres Penis Prostate Punctures Rectum Reproduction Sodium Chloride Stenosis Urinary Bladder
5
In Vivo Animal Study of Vein Graft Interposition
The experimental procedure for all in vivo animal studies and animal care protocol (IAUCU no. 2018–0207) was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yonsei University Health System (Severance Hospital, Korea). For all animal studies using mongrel dogs, experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA). The mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: control (n = 4) and intervention (n = 4). The experimental procedures were described in our previous study [49 (link)].
General endotracheal anesthesia was induced for all dogs with Zoletil (10 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg). In the supine position, an anterior medial neck incision parallel to the trachea and a bilateral vertical groin incision were made. The bilateral common carotid artery, external jugular vein, common femoral artery, and common femoral vein were then exposed and dissected. After heparin sodium (80 U/kg) administration, the bilateral external jugular vein grafts were harvested with a length of 3 cm and interposed to each side of common carotid artery with end-to-end fashion using 6–0 polypropylene continuous sutures. Next, the bilateral common femoral vein grafts were interposed to each side of the common femoral artery with same manner. Arterial clamp times were 15 min or less in all cases. After reperfusion and bleeding control, the surgical procedure was completed for the control group. The sirolimus-embedded silk MN wrap was carefully wrapped around the vein graft to include both anastomosis sites and subsequently fixed with a surgical clip (LIGACLIP®, titanium, medium, Mexico) for the intervention group (Figure 10). Figure 11 showed detailed surgical procedures in the intervention group. The incisions were closed, and the animals were allowed to recover. Aspirin (100 mg/day) and clopidogrel bisulfate (75 mg/day) were administered from the day of surgery and maintained during that follow-up period. The implanted vein grafts were extracted and analyzed at 12 weeks after interposition, and the animal was sacrificed under general anesthesia. During the follow-up period, two femoral vein grafts (one graft in each group) were occluded and excluded in this study. In total, 15 vein grafts (eight jugular vein and seven femoral vein) in each control and intervention group were analyzed in this study.
Kim J.H., Jang E.H., Ryu J.Y., Lee J., Kim J.H., Ryu W, & Youn Y.N. (2023). Sirolimus-Embedded Silk Microneedle Wrap to Prevent Neointimal Hyperplasia in Vein Graft Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3306.
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Publication 2023
Animals Animals, Laboratory Arteries Aspirin Canis familiaris CARE protocol Clopidogrel Bisulfate Common Carotid Artery Common Femoral Artery General Anesthesia Grafts Groin Heparin Sodium Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Jugular Vein Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Polypropylenes Reperfusion Silk Sirolimus Surgery, Day Surgical Anastomoses Surgical Clips Sutures Titanium Trachea Vein, Femoral Veins Xylazine Zoletil

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1
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2
Lipiodol by Guerbet
Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, China
Lipiodol is a radiopaque contrast agent used in diagnostic medical imaging procedures. It is a sterile, iodinated, ethyl ester of fatty acids derived from poppy seed oil. Lipiodol is used to improve the visibility of certain structures or organs during radiographic examinations.
3
Vp 1000 plus by Omron
Sourced in Japan
The VP-1000 plus is a laboratory measurement device designed for precise analysis of samples. It features high-accuracy measurement capabilities to support a range of scientific applications.
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Perclose proglide by Abbott
Sourced in United States
The Perclose ProGlide is a suture-mediated closure device designed for use in percutaneous vascular procedures. It provides immediate hemostasis and facilitates closure of femoral artery access sites.
5
Sphygmocor by AtCor Medical
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The SphygmoCor is a non-invasive medical device developed by AtCor Medical. Its core function is to measure and analyze the arterial pulse wave, providing insights into the cardiovascular system's health and function.
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More about "Common Femoral Artery"

The common femoral artery (CFA) is a vital blood vessel that plays a crucial role in supplying oxygenated blood to the thigh and lower extremities.
It is a continuation of the external iliac artery, extending from the inguinal ligament to the beginning of the superficial femoral artery.
This anatomical landmark is frequently accessed for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as cardiac catheterization, angiography, and peripheral vascular interventions.
Understanding the course and variants of the CFA is essential for clinicians performing vascular procedures in the lower limb.
Tools like the M-Turbo and LOGIQ 7 ultrasound systems can help visualize the CFA and its branching patterns, aiding in pre-procedural planning.
Additionally, devices like the Lipiodol and Transcend wire can be used to access and navigate the CFA during interventional procedures.
The CFA is also an important consideration in the assessment of peripheral artery disease (PAD), which can affect blood flow and lead to claudication, tissue ischemia, and other complications.
Techniques like the VP-1000 plus and SphygmoCor can be used to measure arterial stiffness and evaluate the overall cardiovascular health of patients.
In some cases, access to the CFA may be achieved using closure devices like the Perclose ProGlide, which can help facilitate hemostasis and reduce the risk of complications.
The Progreat and Cobra catheter are also useful tools for navigating the CFA and performing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
By understanding the anatomy, function, and clinical relevance of the common femoral artery, clinicians can optimize their approach to patient care and improve outcomes for those undergoing vascular interventions.
The insights gained from these advanced tools and techniques can help take your research and clinical practice to the next level.