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Eyebrows
Eyebrows are the arched ridge of hair that surmounts the eye socket.
They play a crucial role in facial expression and can significantly impact one's appearance.
Eyebrows help frame the eyes, convey emotions, and contribute to overall facial symmetry.
Reasearch on eyebrows encompasses topics such as growth patterns, styling techniques, and the impact of eyebrow shape on attractiveness.
Studying eyebrows can provide insights into human biology, psychology, and aesthetics.
Optimizing eyebrow research through AI-driven comparisons can enhance reproducibility and accuracy, unlocking new discoveries in this fascinating field.
They play a crucial role in facial expression and can significantly impact one's appearance.
Eyebrows help frame the eyes, convey emotions, and contribute to overall facial symmetry.
Reasearch on eyebrows encompasses topics such as growth patterns, styling techniques, and the impact of eyebrow shape on attractiveness.
Studying eyebrows can provide insights into human biology, psychology, and aesthetics.
Optimizing eyebrow research through AI-driven comparisons can enhance reproducibility and accuracy, unlocking new discoveries in this fascinating field.
Most cited protocols related to «Eyebrows»
deoxyhemoglobin
Eyebrows
Forehead
Head
Lobe, Frontal
Oxyhemoglobin
Brain
Eyebrows
Healthy Volunteers
The NIR light traveling from source to detector interrogates the cerebral cortex, but to a larger extent also the extracerebral tissue layers. Changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the extracerebral tissues (in particular in the scalp) affect the fNIRS signals and result in potential misinterpretation of the signals measured.4 (link),19 (link) In addition, systemic physiological changes also affect cerebral hemodynamics. The main sources of physiological confounds are (1) changes in partial pressure of ( ),66 (link) systemic blood pressure,67 changes in heart rate and vascular tone both in the extracerebral as well as the cerebral tissues due to the interplay between the autonomic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system68 (link) and (2) changes in blood flow and oxygenation due to head movements, teeth clenching, or eyebrow raising.69 (link)– 71 (link, link)
Neglecting physiological confounding effects may result in both false positives, i.e., wrongly assigning a detected hemodynamic change to functional brain activity, or false negatives, i.e., masking brain activity when it is present.19 (link),72 (link) Therefore, it is recommended to employ a systemic physiology augmented fNIRS approach, where these systemic parameters are measured simultaneously.73 (link) On the other hand, recognizing and isolating these changes in systemic physiology provides innovative insights into the complex regulation of brain hemodynamics involving, for example, networks that react particularly to neuronal activity or to systemic physiological changes.74 (link) Most of the effort in fNIRS (pre-) processing focuses on separating or rejecting confounding signals and there are various strategies that can be employed, the most prominent being the general linear model (GLM). This topic is discussed again in more detail in Sec.3.5 .
Neglecting physiological confounding effects may result in both false positives, i.e., wrongly assigning a detected hemodynamic change to functional brain activity, or false negatives, i.e., masking brain activity when it is present.19 (link),72 (link) Therefore, it is recommended to employ a systemic physiology augmented fNIRS approach, where these systemic parameters are measured simultaneously.73 (link) On the other hand, recognizing and isolating these changes in systemic physiology provides innovative insights into the complex regulation of brain hemodynamics involving, for example, networks that react particularly to neuronal activity or to systemic physiological changes.74 (link) Most of the effort in fNIRS (pre-) processing focuses on separating or rejecting confounding signals and there are various strategies that can be employed, the most prominent being the general linear model (GLM). This topic is discussed again in more detail in Sec.
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Blood Circulation
Blood Vessel
Brain
Cell Respiration
Cortex, Cerebral
Eyebrows
Head Movements
Hemodynamics
Light
Nervousness
Nervous System, Autonomic
Neurons
Partial Pressure
physiology
Rate, Heart
Scalp
Tissues
Tooth
Brain
Cloning Vectors
Electric Conductivity
Electricity
Epistropheus
Eyebrows
Genetic Heterogeneity
Head
Motor Cortex
Porifera
Reflex
Scalp
Tissues
Animals
cDNA Library
Child
Chloroform
Dissection
Embryo
Ethanol
Eyebrows
Fertilization in Vitro
Gastrula
Gene Expression
Hair
hydroxybenzoic acid
isolation
isothiocyanate
Parent
Poly A
RNA, Messenger
RNA-Seq
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing
Xenopus laevis
Most recents protocols related to «Eyebrows»
The EABR was recorded by Neuro-Audio NET1.0.103.3. (Neurosoft, Ivanovo, Russia).
The recording electrode, the ground electrode and the reference electrode were
body surface button electrodes and were placed in the middle of the forehead,
between the eyebrows, and about 1 cm in front of the tragus of the operative
ear, respectively. The electrical stimulation was generated from an EMG external
electric stimulator (Neurosoft, Ivanovo, Russia). The facial nerve stimulation
probe (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) was selected as the stimulation positive
electrode. Its surface was coated with Parylene insulating coating except for
the exposed tail end of the electrode and the diameter was 500
μm. A stainless steel needle electrode was used as the
reference electrode and was placed in the coarse protuberance of the occipital
bone at the operation side. The EABR output signal was filtered online with a
band-pass of 0.1–3 kHz and was averaged from 512 sweeps at each stimulus level
with a time window of 15 ms. The electrical pulse was the alternating wave with
100-μs duration and was delivered at a rate of 21 Hz.
Electrode impedances were less than 3 kΩ.
All surgical procedures were performed via a mastoidectomy. Posterior tympanotomy
was performed through the facial recess. Meticulous hemostasis could be achieved
by using diamond burs. After the RWN was exposed, we injected patients with
muscle relaxant cis-atracurium at 0.5 mg/kg according to the body weight to
reduce the interference of muscle activity from EABR signals. During the first
EABR recording, the stimulation probe was placed on the surface of the RWN.
Then, a diamond bur was used to remove the RWN and maximally expose the RWM. We
performed the second EABR recording by placing the stimulation probe on the
surface of the RWM. The initial electrical stimulation intensity for the EABR
was 2.0 mA. To assess the EABR threshold, namely the minimum stimulation
intensity eliciting eIII or eV, we increased or decreased the stimulation
intensity in a first step of 0.5 mA followed by a smaller step of 0.1 mA until
the eIII or eV appeared or disappeared. The maximum stimulation intensity was
3.0 mA. The EABR waveform for each stimulation intensity was averaged by 512
epochs and detected visually. Each test of the EABR for the RWN or RWM
stimulation lasted 3–5 min.
The recording electrode, the ground electrode and the reference electrode were
body surface button electrodes and were placed in the middle of the forehead,
between the eyebrows, and about 1 cm in front of the tragus of the operative
ear, respectively. The electrical stimulation was generated from an EMG external
electric stimulator (Neurosoft, Ivanovo, Russia). The facial nerve stimulation
probe (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) was selected as the stimulation positive
electrode. Its surface was coated with Parylene insulating coating except for
the exposed tail end of the electrode and the diameter was 500
μm. A stainless steel needle electrode was used as the
reference electrode and was placed in the coarse protuberance of the occipital
bone at the operation side. The EABR output signal was filtered online with a
band-pass of 0.1–3 kHz and was averaged from 512 sweeps at each stimulus level
with a time window of 15 ms. The electrical pulse was the alternating wave with
100-μs duration and was delivered at a rate of 21 Hz.
Electrode impedances were less than 3 kΩ.
All surgical procedures were performed via a mastoidectomy. Posterior tympanotomy
was performed through the facial recess. Meticulous hemostasis could be achieved
by using diamond burs. After the RWN was exposed, we injected patients with
muscle relaxant cis-atracurium at 0.5 mg/kg according to the body weight to
reduce the interference of muscle activity from EABR signals. During the first
EABR recording, the stimulation probe was placed on the surface of the RWN.
Then, a diamond bur was used to remove the RWN and maximally expose the RWM. We
performed the second EABR recording by placing the stimulation probe on the
surface of the RWM. The initial electrical stimulation intensity for the EABR
was 2.0 mA. To assess the EABR threshold, namely the minimum stimulation
intensity eliciting eIII or eV, we increased or decreased the stimulation
intensity in a first step of 0.5 mA followed by a smaller step of 0.1 mA until
the eIII or eV appeared or disappeared. The maximum stimulation intensity was
3.0 mA. The EABR waveform for each stimulation intensity was averaged by 512
epochs and detected visually. Each test of the EABR for the RWN or RWM
stimulation lasted 3–5 min.
Full text: Click here
Atracurium
Body Weight
Diamond
Electricity
Eyebrows
Face
Facial Nerves
Hemostasis
Impedance, Electric
Mastoidectomy
Muscle Tissue
Needles
Operative Surgical Procedures
parylene
Patients
Pulse Rate
Stainless Steel
Stimulations, Electric
Tail
The Sunnybrook facial grading system (SFGS) was developed to measure the recovery of bell’s palsy. It consists of three sections: resting symmetry, degree of voluntary excursion of facial muscles, and degree of synkinesis. On a point scale, the following five facial expressions were evaluated: eyebrow raise, eye closure, open mouth smile, lip pucker, and snarl/show teeth, as a cumulative composite score was generated, with a maximum score of 100 corresponding to full facial function with no synkinesis[11 (link)].
Bell Palsy
Eyebrows
Face
Facial Muscles
Oral Cavity
Synkinesis
Tooth
A physical therapy program was provided to both groups in the manner of (1) electrical stimulation (Faradic current) on the affected muscles was applied from a seated position, as the positive electrode was placed on the nerve trunk, while the negative one was applied on the motor point of the (frontalis, orbicularis occuli, nasalis, zygomatic major, orbicularis oris and mentalis) muscles, under the following parameters: Pulse rate: 100 Hz, stimulate time: 10sec, polarity: +, ramp up: 3 seconds, ramp down: 3 seconds, pulse time: 100 µs, pause time: 1ms and the intensity was raised till the appearance of visible contraction, for two minutes at every point, with a total duration 15 minutes[15 (link)] (2) exercises program of facial expression in front of the mirror including closing and opening eye in both light and tight manner, raising eyebrows, smiling, snarling and widening nose, lips puckering/pouting, with 5-10 repetitions/exercise, for 15 minutes for study group and 35 minutes control group. Both groups received total rest periods of 10 minutes between interventions (3) Patients and carers were also encouraged to do facial expressive exercises twice a day at home[16 (link),17 (link)].
Eyebrows
Face
Light
Lip
Muscle Tissue
Neoplasm Metastasis
Nervousness
Nose
Patients
Proboscis Monkey
Pulse Rate
Sitting
Stimulations, Electric
Therapy, Physical
Animal behavior was monitored in the head/chest region and the torso/arm/leg region using two video cameras (MTC-9272, Mother Tool, Ueda, Japan; WAT-232S, Watec, Tsuruoka, Japan). Videos were stored in a multi-channel video recorder (RD4304, ARUCOM, Fukuoka, Japan). Stored movies were viewed offline with video software (ifileplaypack, ARUCOM). We noted the following convulsive or voluntary movements, and their timing and frequency were analyzed by an observer familiar with monkey behavior: “Twitch” (a sudden jerk of the hand/arm or leg), “Tremor” (continuous and rhythmical shaking of the hand/arm that lasted for longer than 2 s), clonic seizure in the “Body” (large scale shaking of the body, including torso and legs), clonic seizure in the “Head” (whole-face movements ranging from small twitches in the unilateral lip and/or eyebrows to large scale jerking), “Voluntary movements” (non-periodical large movement of the arms and/or body).
Full text: Click here
Arm, Upper
Chest
Clonic Seizures
Eyebrows
Face
Head
Human Body
Leg
Monkeys
Mothers
Movement
Seizures
Torso
Efficacy outcomes at 52 weeks included the proportion of patients achieving SALT score ≤ 20 (≤ 20% scalp hair loss), which is considered a clinically meaningful outcome for patients with ≥ 50% scalp hair loss at baseline [5 (link)]. The SALT score is a weighted sum of percentage hair loss in four areas of the scalp, ranging from 0 (no hair loss) to 100 (complete hair loss) [6 (link)]. Other endpoints included the percentage change from baseline in SALT score, the proportions of patients achieving ≥ 50% and ≥ 90% improvements from baseline in SALT score (SALT50 and SALT90, respectively), and the proportion achieving a SALT score ≤ 10 (≤ 10% scalp hair loss). Also assessed were the proportion of patients achieving Clinician-Reported Outcome (ClinRO) Measure for Eyebrow Hair Loss™ 0 or 1 (full coverage or minimal gaps) with ≥ 2-point improvement from baseline among patients with baseline scores of 2 or 3 (significant gaps or no notable eyebrows) and the proportion achieving ClinRO Measure for Eyelash Hair Loss™ 0 or 1 (no or minimal gaps) with ≥ 2-point improvement from baseline among patients with baseline scores of 2 or 3 (significant gaps or no notable eyelashes) [7 (link)].
Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and clinical laboratory tests. An independent data and safety monitoring committee periodically reviewed unblinded efficacy and safety data. Deaths, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and arterial (ATEs) and venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) were adjudicated by an independent blinded clinical endpoint committee.
Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and clinical laboratory tests. An independent data and safety monitoring committee periodically reviewed unblinded efficacy and safety data. Deaths, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and arterial (ATEs) and venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) were adjudicated by an independent blinded clinical endpoint committee.
Alopecia
Arteries
Cardiovascular System
Clinical Laboratory Tests
Eyebrows
Eyelashes
Patients
Safety
Scalp
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Venous Thromboembolism
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The INVOS 5100C is a non-invasive cerebral/somatic oximeter that measures the regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of blood in the brain and body. It utilizes near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology to provide continuous monitoring of regional tissue oxygen levels.
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More about "Eyebrows"
Eyebrows are the curved, hairy ridges above the eyes that play a crucial role in facial expression and aesthetics.
These follicular structures help frame the eyes, convey emotions, and contribute to overall facial symmetry.
Research on eyebrows encompasses topics such as growth patterns, styling techniques, and the impact of eyebrow shape on attractiveness.
Optimizing eyebrow research is crucial, and AI-driven comparisons can enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
Tools like PubCompare.ai can help locate the best protocols and products from literature, pre-prints, and patents, streamlining the research process.
Studying eyebrows can provide insights into human biology, psychology, and aesthetics.
Techniques like the INVOS 5100C cerebral/somatic oximeter, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, and Micromed System Plus can be employed to analyze eyebrow characteristics.
Accessories like the Quick-Cap, Blue sensor, and RNaseZap can further support eyebrow research.
The ActiveTwo system, EEGO Sports amplifier, and Model 37022 electroencephalography (EEG) device can be used to investigate the neural correlates of eyebrow movements and their impact on facial expressions.
The NIRO 300 near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system can also be leveraged to study blood flow and oxygenation in the eyebrow region.
By incorporating the latest technologies and AI-driven comparisons, researchers can unlock new discoveries in the fascinating field of eyebrow biology, psychology, and aesthetics.
These follicular structures help frame the eyes, convey emotions, and contribute to overall facial symmetry.
Research on eyebrows encompasses topics such as growth patterns, styling techniques, and the impact of eyebrow shape on attractiveness.
Optimizing eyebrow research is crucial, and AI-driven comparisons can enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
Tools like PubCompare.ai can help locate the best protocols and products from literature, pre-prints, and patents, streamlining the research process.
Studying eyebrows can provide insights into human biology, psychology, and aesthetics.
Techniques like the INVOS 5100C cerebral/somatic oximeter, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, and Micromed System Plus can be employed to analyze eyebrow characteristics.
Accessories like the Quick-Cap, Blue sensor, and RNaseZap can further support eyebrow research.
The ActiveTwo system, EEGO Sports amplifier, and Model 37022 electroencephalography (EEG) device can be used to investigate the neural correlates of eyebrow movements and their impact on facial expressions.
The NIRO 300 near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system can also be leveraged to study blood flow and oxygenation in the eyebrow region.
By incorporating the latest technologies and AI-driven comparisons, researchers can unlock new discoveries in the fascinating field of eyebrow biology, psychology, and aesthetics.