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> Anatomy > Body Part > Gastric Fundus

Gastric Fundus

The gastric fundus is the upper, dome-shaped portion of the stomach, located above the esophageal orifice.
It plays a key role in gastric emptying and secretion of digestive juices.
Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the gastric fundus is crucial for researchers studying gastric disorders, such as peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and stomach cancer.
PubCompare.ai's platform can help optimize your gastric fundus research by providing access to cutting-edge protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and using intelligent comparisons to identify the most reproducible and effective methodologies.
Enhance your studies with PubCompare.ai's user-friendly tools and AI-driven insights to unleash the full potentioal of your gastric fundus research.

Most cited protocols related to «Gastric Fundus»

1
Gastric Organoid Generation from Human Fundic Mucosa
Human fundic gastric organoids (hFGOs) were generated independently of the recently
reported protocol [25 ]. The
fundic mucosa was stripped away from the muscle layer, and then cut into 5
mm2 pieces and washed 3 times in sterile DPBS without Ca2+and Mg2+. The mucosa was transferred to DMEM/F12 (catalogue number
1263–010, Gibco Life Technologies) supplemented with 10mM HEPES,
1%Penicillin/Streptomycin and 1X Glutamax, and incubated while stirring and
oxygenated in a 37oC water bath with Collagenase (from Clostridium
histolyticum, Sigma C9891, 1 mg/ml) and bovine serum albumin (2 mg/ml) to
release glands from the tissue. After 15–30 minutes of incubation collected
glands were washed in sterile phosphate buffered saline with Kanamycin (50 mg/ml) and
Amphotericin B (0.25 mg/ml)/Gentamicin (10 mg/ml), centrifuged at 200 xg, resuspended
in the appropriate volume of Matrigel (50 µl of Matrigel/well), and
subsequently cultured in human gastric organoid media (DMEM/F12 supplemented with
10mM HEPES, 1X Glutamax, 1% Pen/Strep, 1X N2, 1X B27, 1mM N-Acetylcystine, 10mM
Nicotidamide, 50ng/mL EGF, 100ng/mL Noggin, 20% R-Spondin Conditioned Media, 50% Wnt
Conditioned Media, 200ng/mL FGF10, 1nM Gastrin, 10uM Y-27632, Kanamycin (50 mg/ml)
and Amphotericin B (0.25 mg/ml)/Gentamicin (10 mg/ml)) (Table 1). Glands grew into organoids by 7 days at which
time hFGOs were H. pylori infected and treated. We
did not observe significant variations in organoid growth between donor gastric
glands.
Bertaux-Skeirik N., Feng R., Schumacher M.A., Li J., Mahe M.M., Engevik A.C., Javier J.E., Peek Jr R.M., Ottemann K., Orian-Rousseau V., Boivin G.P., Helmrath M.A, & Zavros Y. (2015). CD44 Plays a Functional Role in Helicobacter pylori-induced Epithelial Cell Proliferation. PLoS Pathogens, 11(2), e1004663.
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Publication 2015
Amphotericin B Bath Bladder Detrusor Muscle Collagenase Culture Media Culture Media, Conditioned FGF10 protein, human Gastric Fundus Gastrin Gentamicin Helicobacter pylori HEPES Homo sapiens Kanamycin matrigel Mucous Membrane noggin protein Organoids Penicillins Phosphates Saline Solution Serum Albumin, Bovine Sterility, Reproductive Stomach Streptococcal Infections Streptomycin Tissue Donors Tissues Y 27632
2
Transoral Fundoplication Technique Evolution
Initial descriptions of the transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) technique involved reduction of any hiatal hernia by gripping the esophagus with the chassis’ tissue invaginator and advancing the device caudally, and then creation of a full-thickness gastrogastric plication at the level of the Z-line (Fig. 2A). The helical retractor was used to pull full-thickness gastric wall caudally into the tissue mold. The mold apposed the two layers of gastric wall and sandwiched between them the phrenoesophageal membrane, which could be demonstrated in the canine model and observed in human cases [5 (link)]. Subsequently, polypropylene fasteners were deployed over their respective stylets. This created a partially circumferential fundoplication but was limited to gastric tissue, and was dubbed “ELF”—endoluminal fundoplication—and later “TIF.”

A TIF 1 procedure with gastrogastric plications placed at the level of the Z-line. B TIF 2 technique creates an esophagogastric fundoplication proximal to the Z-line

Using a canine model, Jobe et al. described the technique of creating a transoral esophagogastric fundoplication with rotational and longitudinal elements using the EsophyX device (Fig. 2B). This new technique was dubbed “TIF 2,” with the gastrogastric technique now referred to as “TIF 1” [5 (link)]. The TIF 2 procedure was demonstrated by manometric vector volume analysis to be superior to the TIF 1 technique and similar (in the canine model) to the Nissen fundoplication [5 (link)].
The use of certain device components has evolved with these techniques. The earliest use of the helical retractor was simply to retract tissue caudally. However, the multifunctional helix also may be used as an anchor toward which the tissue mold pushes tissue. The tissue mold can be used as a stop, ensuring that the H-fasteners deploy properly. It can be used to bring tissue into apposition to create an esophagogastric plication. In conjunction with the anchoring effect of the helical screw, the tissue mold can be used to rotate gastric fundic tissue radially around the distal esophagus.
This report of the TIF 2 procedure in humans owes much to the technique developed by Blair Jobe and Stefan Kraemer [5 (link)]. We have altered the technique by deploying the helical retractor at the lesser curve position only once to maximize the rotational effect. The use of the tissue invaginator to fix the device chassis to the esophagus also has been modified. Applying suction before closure of the tissue mold (TIF 1) enabled reduction of any hiatal hernia, whereas our technique of applying suction after closure of the tissue mold allows for both caudal advancement of the esophagus, enabling an intra-abdominal esophagogastric plication, and rotation of the esophagus, providing better visualization of stylet advancement.
Bell R.C, & Cadière G.B. (2010). Transoral rotational esophagogastric fundoplication: technical, anatomical, and safety considerations. Surgical Endoscopy, 25(7), 2387-2399.
Publication 2010
Abdominal Cavity Canis familiaris Cloning Vectors Esophagus Fungus, Filamentous Gastric Fundus Helix (Snails) Hiatal Hernia Homo sapiens Manometry Medical Devices Nissen Operation Polypropylenes Stomach Suction Drainage Tissue, Membrane Tissues
3
Gastric Fundic Organoid Derivation

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Publication 2014
Adult Blood Vessel Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Cold Temperature Culture Media, Conditioned Edetic Acid Epidermis Epithelial Cells FGF10 protein, human Gastric Fundus Gastrins Growth Factor matrigel Mesenchyma Mus noggin protein Organoids Phosphates Repifermin Saline Solution Stomach Tissues
4
Gastric Smooth Muscle Contractility Assay
As formerly reported[22 (link)-25 (link)], the stomach was promptly removed, and two full-thickness longitudinal strips (2 mm × 10 mm) were cut from each gastric fundal region. One end of each strip was tied to a platinum rod, while the other was connected to a force displacement transducer (Grass model FT03, Quincy, MA, United States) by a silk thread for continuous recording of isometric tension. The transducer was coupled to a polygraph (Grass model 7K, Quincy, MA, United States). Preparations were mounted in double-jacketed organ baths (5 mL) containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, gassed with a 95% O2-5% CO2 mixture, of the following composition (mmol/L): NaCl 118, KCl 4.7, MgSO4 1.2, KH2PO4 1.2, NaHCO3 25, CaCl2 2.5 and glucose 10 (pH 7.4). The temperature of the Krebs-Henseleit solution in the organ baths was maintained at 37 ± 0.5 °C.
Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was applied by means of two platinum wire rings (2 mm diameter, 5 mm apart) through which the strip was threaded. Electrical pulses (rectangular waves, 80 V, 4-16 Hz, 0.5 ms, for 15 s) were delivered by a Grass model S8 stimulator. Preparations were allowed to equilibrate for 1 h under an initial load of 0.8 g: during this period, prolonged washes with Krebs-Henseleit solution were performed to avoid the accumulation of metabolites in the organ baths.
Garella R., Idrizaj E., Traini C., Squecco R., Vannucchi M.G, & Baccari M.C. (2017). Glucagon-like peptide-2 modulates the nitrergic neurotransmission in strips from the mouse gastric fundus. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 23(40), 7211-7220.
Publication 2017
Bath Bicarbonate, Sodium Electricity Gastric Fundus Glucose Krebs-Henseleit solution Platinum Poaceae Pulses Silk Sodium Chloride Stimulations, Electric Stomach Sulfate, Magnesium Transducers
5
Transoral Fundoplication for GERD
Patients experiencing persistent daily troublesome regurgitation or extraesophageal GERD symptoms (with or without heartburn) on daily PPIs were deemed eligible for the study if they had documented abnormal EAE as determined by ambulatory 48-hour pH monitoring while off PPI therapy for at least 7 days (% total time pH < 4 occurred for >5.3% of the recording time14 (link)) and hiatal hernia measurements not exceeding 2 cm in both axial length and in greatest transverse dimension. A complete list of inclusion and exclusion criteria is presented in Table 1. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either TIF or maximum standard dose (MSD) PPI therapy. Patients in the PPI group were required to take the MSD of currently used PPI in an attempt to optimize control of their GERD symptoms. The same brand of PPI used by individual patients at screening was prescribed by investigators at the maximal allowed dose per manufacturer’s recommendations and provided free of charge to each patient randomized to the PPI group. A complete listing of PPI brands used in this study is provided in Table 2. Patients in the TIF group underwent endoscopic fundoplication using the latest iteration of the EsophyX2 device to perform the standardized TIF-2.0 protocol previously described elsewere.15 (link),16 (link) In brief, under general anesthetic, the EsophyX device was gently introduced over the flexible endoscope into the stomach under constant endoscopic visualization. The helical retractor was engaged into the tissue slightly distal to Z line. Then, in combination with the tissue manipulating elements, the fundus of the stomach was folded up and around the distal esophagus. After tissue handling elements were appropriately positioned and locked into place, the invaginator was activated to allow the separation of the gastroesophageal junction from the diaphragm. The polypropylene “H” fasteners were delivered through the tissue. The same maneuvers were repeated at 3 additional positions to create full thickness, partial, gastroesophageal fundoplication. TIF patients were generally discharged 24 hours postprocedure and were asked to follow the standard dietary and physical restrictions previously described.15 (link) Patients were evaluated and followed in community-based practices by clinical teams led by 4 surgeons and 3 gastroenterologists. TIF procedures were performed in the associated community hospitals.
Trad K.S., Barnes W.E., Simoni G., Shughoury A.B., Mavrelis P.G., Raza M., Heise J.A., Turgeon D.G, & Fox M.A. (2015). Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication Effective in Eliminating GERD Symptoms in Partial Responders to Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy at 6 Months: The TEMPO Randomized Clinical Trial. Surgical Innovation, 22(1), 26-40.
Publication 2015
Diet Endoscopes Endoscopy Esophagogastric Junction Esophagus Gastric Fundus Gastroenterologist Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Gastroscopy General Anesthesia Heartburn Helix (Snails) Hiatal Hernia Indium Medical Devices Nissen Operation Patients Physical Examination Polypropylenes Respiratory Diaphragm Surgeons Therapeutics Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Gastric Fundus»

1
Laparoscopic Gastric Sleeve Resection
The abdomen was entered under direct vision with a forward-viewing trocar. A 5-mm, three 12-mm, and one 15-mm ports were placed. A Nathanson liver retractor was used to elevate the liver. We mobilized the periesophageal fat pad to visually position the stapler to leave approximately 1 cm of gastric tissue lateral to the angle of His. The pylorus was identified, and an area approximately 4 cm from the pylorus was chosen to begin ligating and transecting the greater curvature vessels with a vessel-sealer device. The greater curvature of the stomach was mobilized to the angle of His, with particular attention paid to mobilizing the entire fundus to the mid-portion of the left crura of the diaphragm. A 34-French bougie was passed by an anesthesiologist and positioned in the distal antrum. Resection of the antrum was started tangentially from the right lateral port using a linear stapler, positioning the tip of the stapler to give a distance of 1 cm from the bougie at the area of the incisura angularis. Resection of the body and fundus of the stomach was achieved via the 12-mm left mid-clavicular port site to the angle of His. It was our practice to oversew the staple line with 2–0 nonabsorbable suture. The 12- and 15-mm port sites were closed with absorbable sutures.
Bando H., Miura H., Kitahama S., Nakajima S., Takahashi T., Mihara T., Momono T., Kimura-Koyanagi M., Sakaguchi K., Mukai T., Ogawa W, & Tamori Y. (2023). Preoperative Serum Cortisol Level Is Predictive of Weight Loss After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Men with Severe Obesity but Not Women. Obesity Surgery, 33(3), 851-859.
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Publication 2023
Abdominal Cavity Anesthesiologist Antral Attention Blood Vessel Clavicle Gastric Fundus Human Body Leg Liver Medical Devices Pad, Fat Pylorus Staple, Surgical Stomach Sutures Tissues Trocar Vaginal Diaphragm Vision
2
Tissue Glutathione Determination
The concentration of GSH in the gastric fundus tissue, duodenum, and colon samples was analyzed according to the method described by Reilly et al., (17 (link)). To determine the levels of the non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) groups, samples between 50 to 100 mg of the animals’ gastric fundus were homogenized at a concentration of 1 mL of 0.02 M ED2 for each 100 mg of tissue. Aliquots of 400 μL of the homogenate were mixed in 320 μL of distilled water and 80 μL of 50% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for protein precipitation to occur. Tubes containing the material were centrifuged for 15 min at 1107 g and 4°C. Then, 400 μL of the supernatant was added to 800 μL of 0.4 M Tris buffer (pH 8.9) and 20 μL of dithiol-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB, or Ellman's reagent). Next, the mixture was stirred for 3 min and its absorbance was read by a spectrophotometer at 412 nm. The concentrations of the NPSH groups are reported in mg NPSH/mg tissue.
de Oliveira K.B., Severo J.S., da Silva A.C., dos Santos B.L., Mendes P.H., Sabino J.P., Filho A.L., Correia-de-Sá P., dos Santos A.A, & da Silva M.T. (2023). P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 56, e12569.
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Publication 2023
Animals Colon dithiol Dithionitrobenzoic Acid Duodenum Gastric Fundus Nitrobenzoic Acids Proteins Sulfhydryl Compounds Tissues Trichloroacetic Acid Tromethamine
3
Gastric Nitric Oxide Quantification
The production of nitric oxide in the tissue gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon of the animals was indirectly evaluated by quantifying the levels of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) (collectively referred to as NOx), using the Griess method. The samples were macerated in a potassium chloride solution (KCl, 0.15 M) and the homogenate was centrifuged at 12,000 g for 20 min and -4°C. Then, the supernatant (100 μL) was mixed with Griess reagent (100 μL) (phosphoric acid, sulfanilamide, and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride). After 10-min, the absorbance of the samples was measured at 540 nm. The results are reported as micromoles of NOx (12 (link)).
de Oliveira K.B., Severo J.S., da Silva A.C., dos Santos B.L., Mendes P.H., Sabino J.P., Filho A.L., Correia-de-Sá P., dos Santos A.A, & da Silva M.T. (2023). P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 56, e12569.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Animals Colon Duodenum ethylenediamine dihydrochloride Gastric Fundus Griess reagent Nitrates Nitrites Oxide, Nitric Phosphoric Acids Sulfanilamide Tissues
4
Quantifying Myeloperoxidase Activity in Tissues
Briefly, the tissues of the gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon were homogenized in potassium buffer with 0.5% hexyltrimethylammonium (HTAB) (1 mL/100 mg of tissue). Then, the homogenate was centrifuged at 2490 g for 20 min at 4°C. MPO activity in the resuspended pellet was evaluated by measuring the change in absorbance at 450 nm using o-dianisidine dihydrochloride and 1% hydrogen peroxide. The results are reported as units of MPO per mg of tissue (UMPO/mg of tissue) (12 (link)).
de Oliveira K.B., Severo J.S., da Silva A.C., dos Santos B.L., Mendes P.H., Sabino J.P., Filho A.L., Correia-de-Sá P., dos Santos A.A, & da Silva M.T. (2023). P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 56, e12569.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Buffers Colon Dianisidine Dihydrochloride Duodenum Gastric Fundus hexyltrimethylammonium Peroxide, Hydrogen Potassium Tissues
5
Quantifying Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
Using gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon samples, a 10% homogenate was prepared and centrifuged at 1107 g for 15 min at 4°C. Subsequently, each sample was added to a solution of phosphate, L-methionine (20 mM), Triton X-100 (1% v/v), hydroxylamine chloride (10 mM), and EDTA (50 μM). The tubes were placed in a water bath at 37°C for 5 min. Riboflavin (50 μM) was added, and all measurements were corrected in a white light box for 10 min. The solution was then transferred to an ELISA plate, followed by the addition of the Griess reagent, performed in an ELISA reader at 550 nm. The value of the SOD unit (USOD/µg tissue) was calculated (12 (link)).
de Oliveira K.B., Severo J.S., da Silva A.C., dos Santos B.L., Mendes P.H., Sabino J.P., Filho A.L., Correia-de-Sá P., dos Santos A.A, & da Silva M.T. (2023). P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 56, e12569.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Bath Chlorides Colon Duodenum Edetic Acid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gastric Fundus Griess reagent Hydroxylamine Light Methionine Phosphates Riboflavin Tissues Triton X-100

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More about "Gastric Fundus"

The gastric fundus, also known as the stomach dome or upper stomach, is a crucial part of the human digestive system.
It is the upper, dome-shaped portion of the stomach, located above the esophageal orifice (or cardia).
This gastric region plays a vital role in gastric emptying, the process of food leaving the stomach, as well as the secretion of digestive juices like hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the gastric fundus is essential for researchers studying various gastric disorders, such as peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and stomach cancer.
Peptic ulcers are sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or certain medications.
GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, leading to heartburn and other symptoms.
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the stomach.
Researchers can optimize their gastric fundus studies by utilizing PubCompare.ai's platform, which provides access to cutting-edge protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
The platform's intelligent comparison tools can help identify the most reproducible and effective methodologies, such as those involving Rabbit peroxidase-labeled secondary antibodies, GIF-Q260J, EGF, Noggin, JEOL 1010 electron microscope, DM4000B, RNeasy Mini Kit, UranyLess EM Stain, and PVDF membranes.
Additionally, Carprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, may be used in animal studies related to gastric fundus research.
PubCompare.ai's user-friendly tools and AI-driven insights can help researchers unleash the full potential of their gastric fundus studies, leading to a better understanding of this important gastric region and the development of more effective treatments for related disorders.