> Anatomy > Body Part > Lacrimal Gland

Lacrimal Gland

The lacrimal gland is a small, almond-shaped exocrine gland located in the upper, outer part of the eye.
It is responsible for producing the aqueous layer of the tear film, which helps to lubricate and protect the eye.
The lacrimal gland is composed of two lobes: a larger orbital lobe and a smaller palpebral lobe.
It secretes tears that are essential for maintaining eye health and vision.
Disorders of the lacrimal gland, such as inflammation, infection, or tumor, can lead to dry eye syndrome and other vision problems.
Researchers studying the lacrimal gland may use PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization to enhance the reproducibility and effectiveness of their studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Lacrimal Gland»

Quantitative Analysis of PSMA PET/CT Imaging

PET images were analyzed using XD3 Software (Mirada Medical, Oxford, UK). PET, CT, and hybrid PET/CT imaging overlays were assessed in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes in all 50 patients. Lesions were identified as abnormal foci of radiotracer uptake above background and in expected patterns for PCa spread [18 (link)–19 (link)]. Lesions were selected by a single reader experienced in the interpretation of PSMA-targeted PET (MSJ) and verified by a second experienced reader (SPR).
The normal biodistribution of [¹⁸F]DCFPyL, includes uptake in the lacrimal glands, parotid glands, and submandibular glands, as well as in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bowel (predominantly proximal small bowel) [18 (link)–19 (link)]. For the lacrimal glands, major salivary glands, liver, spleen, and kidneys, volume of interests (VOIs) were manually set covering the entire organ volume using the best visual approximation of the organ edge on the PET images using previously described methodology [20 (link)]. Moreover, as described in [12 ], the entire volume of all [¹⁸F]DCFPyL-avid tumor lesions (i.e., tumor burden) was manually segmented using the same procedure. The CT images were not used as a primary guide for the segmentation of the VOIs but were available as a reference to improve VOI placement in regions of complex anatomy or high background radiotracer uptake, as necessary [20 (link)].
For normal organs, the following parameters were recorded: mean standardized uptake value corrected to lean body mass (SUL_mean) and mean standardized uptake value corrected to body weight (SUV_mean) [17 (link), 20 (link)]. For the entire tumor burden, the following parameters were assessed: SUL_mean, the maximum standardized uptake value corrected to lean body mass (SUL_max), SUV_mean, tumor volume (TV) and the fractional tumor activity (FTA) in the VOI. The latter parameter is well-established in the literature and has also been referred to as tumor lesion (TL)-PSMA [21 (link)–22 (link)]. FTA was calculated as follows: [TV x SUV_mean]. An isocontour threshold of 50% of the SUV_max were determined between the background and the maximal pixel value of the VOI.

Werner R.A., Bundschuh R.A., Bundschuh L., Lapa C., Yin Y., Javadi M.S., Buck A.K., Higuchi T., Pienta K.J., Pomper M.G., Lodge M.A., Gorin M.A, & Rowe S.P. (2020). Semiquantitative Parameters in PSMA-Targeted PET Imaging with [18F]DCFPyL: Impact of Tumor Burden on Normal Organ Uptake. Molecular imaging and biology, 22(1), 190-197.

Publication 2020

Body Weight Human Body Intestines Intestines, Small Kidney Lacrimal Gland Liver Neoplasms Organ Volume Parotid Gland Patients Salivary Glands Scan, CT PET Spleen Submandibular Gland Tumor Burden

Bilateral Lacrimal Gland Excision Protocol

Unilateral LGE was performed under 1.5% to 2% isoflurane anesthesia. The extraorbital lacrimal gland was accessed through a 3-mm incision made anterior and ventral to the ear (Fig. 1A). The intraorbital lacrimal gland, located rostral to the extraorbital gland within the ventral orbit, was approached with a smaller 1-mm incision, taking care to avoid surrounding blood vessels and nerves (Fig. 1B). For the single LGE treatment group, only the larger extraorbital lacrimal gland was excised, whereas both the extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands were excised in the double LGE treatment group. For sham surgeries, two incisions were made and both glands were partially exposed.

Mecum N.E., Cyr D., Malon J., Demers D., Cao L, & Meng I.D. (2019). Evaluation of Corneal Damage After Lacrimal Gland Excision in Male and Female Mice. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 60(10), 3264-3274.

Publication 2019

Anesthesia Blood Vessel Isoflurane Lacrimal Gland Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Orbit

Lacrimal Gland Transcriptomes in Sjögren's Syndrome

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2008

Age Groups Crossbreeding Freezing Gene Chips Genetic Diversity Genome Lacrimal Gland Mice, Inbred NOD Mice, Laboratory Patient Holding Stretchers

Murine Model of Desiccating Stress-Induced Dry Eye

The standard model of desiccating environmental stress was used to induce immune-driven dry eye disease (20 (link), 26 (link)–28 (link)). Briefly, mice were placed in cages with a perforated screen walls and exposed to continuous airflow from fans in a low humidity (20–30%) cubicle. Lacrimal gland function was inhibited by injection with scopolamine hydrobromide (0.1 mL of 10 mg/mL, formulated in sterile saline; Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St Louis, MO) for 3 or 5 consecutive days, and a reduced dose (0.1 mL of 5 mg/mL) for 10 days, respectively. Scopolamine hydrobromide injections were performed three times per day (9 AM, 2 PM, and 7 PM), subcutaneously into alternating hindquarters of mice. Age- and sex-matched untreated mice housed in standard animal facility environment served as healthy controls. In selected experiments mice were rendered neutropenic (29 (link), 30 (link)) by i.p. injection of purified anti-Ly6g (1A8 clone, 200 μg, BD PharMingen) 24 h prior to starting desiccating stress (1^st injection) and 2 days after induction of dry eye disease (2^nd injection). Control mice received the same dose of serum type IgG. Selected mice were treated topically (100 ng, tid) and systemically (1 μg, qd) with LXA₄ (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI) or sterile saline alone (PBS, ph 7.4) throughout 10 days of desiccating stress. Ethanol from LXA₄ stock solution was rapidly removed under gentle stream of nitrogen and autacoids immediately resuspended in sterile saline and applied to the eye (5μl/drop) (31 (link), 32 (link)). Corneas with complete limbus, lacrimal glands and cervical draining lymph nodes were surgical excised with sterile instruments, and cleaned in ice-cold sterile phosphate-buffered saline under a dissecting microscope. Lacrimal glands were weighed and each draining lymph node was extracted with the diameter controlled 1.8–2.0 mm. Isolated tissues were either snap frozen for RNA/lipidomic/myeloperoxidase analyses or immediately processed for flow cytometry/ immunohistochemistry.

Gao Y., Min K., Zhang Y., Su J., Greenwood M, & Gronert K. (2015). Female-specific down-regulation of tissue-PMN drives impaired Treg and amplified effector T cell responses in autoimmune dry eye disease. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 195(7), 3086-3099.

Publication 2015

Autacoids Caimans Clone Cells Common Cold Dry Eye Syndromes Ethanol Flow Cytometry Freezing Humidity Immunohistochemistry Lacrimal Gland Limbus Corneae lipoxin A4 Microscopy Mus Neck Nitrogen Nodes, Lymph Operative Surgical Procedures Peroxidase Phosphates Saline Solution Scopolamine Hydrobromide Serum Sterility, Reproductive Tissues

Delivery of AAV5 Vectors to Salivary Glands

The construction of rAAV5 encoding green fluorescent protein, luciferase, or bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) vector (AAV5-GFP, AAV5-Luc, or AAV5-Bmp6, respectively), has been described previously (9 (link),10 (link)). Vectors were delivered into the submandibular gland by retrograde instillation and into the lacrimal gland by injection as previously described (10 (link),11 (link)). Briefly, AAV5-GFP or AAV5-Bmp6 (10¹¹ particles/mouse [5 × 10¹⁰ particles/gland] in 100 μl) was delivered into the submandibular gland of 6–8-week-old C57BL/6J mice. A lower dose of AAV5-Luc (10⁹ particles/ gland) was coadministered to enable monitoring of the expression of the AAV5 vectors by Xenogeny live imaging of the animals (10 (link)) (see Supplementary Figure 1, on the Arthritis & Rheumatism web site at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.38123/abstract). To transduce the lacrimal gland, AAV5-Bmp6 or AAV5-Luc vector was injected at 10⁹ particles/gland/mouse directly into the lacrimal gland of 6–8-week-old C57BL/6J mice (10 (link)). The vector dose was chosen based on previously published results, which showed detectable transgene activity with administration of >10⁹ particles/ gland (12 (link),13 (link)).

Yin H., Cabrera-Perez J., Lai Z., Michael D., Weller M., Swaim W.D., Liu X., Catalán M.A., Rocha E.M., Ismail N., Afione S., Rana N.A., Di Pasquale G., Alevizos I., Ambudkar I., Illei G.G, & Chiorini J.A. (2013). Association of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 With Exocrine Gland Dysfunction in Patients With Sjögren’s Syndrome and in Mice. Arthritis and rheumatism, 65(12), 3228-3238.

Publication 2013

Animals BMP6 protein, human Cloning Vectors Lacrimal Gland Luciferases Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Laboratory Rheumatic Fever Submandibular Gland Transgenes

Most recents protocols related to «Lacrimal Gland»

Whole Brain and Spinal Cord Radiotherapy Simulation

All patients were simulated in a head-first, supine position, immobilised with five-clamp thermoplastic covering the brain to chest level. If the patient was non-cooperative and no sedition was used, an additional two-clamp thermoplastic was used to immobilise the abdomen pelvis region^{7 (link)}. Anesthesia was used if needed. All patients were simulated in a Brilliance Big Bore CT scanner (Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) with 3-mm uniform slice thickness from brain to mid-thigh, with the first marker in the brain and second marker at the abdomen level to keep the patient straight during the simulation. CT Images were transferred to the SomaVision (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) contouring station and co-registered with three-dimensional (3D) T1-contrast, T2-flair magnetic resonance images (MRI).
The gross tumour volumes (GTV) of the brain and the spine were delineated as follows: the cranial contouring included the whole brain and up to the junction of the cervical vertebrae C5 and C6. The superior end of the spinal cord starts from the end of brain GTV and goes up to the inferior end of the thecal sac, as seen on the sagittal view of the MRI. The planning target volume (PTV) for the brain was generated by applying a 3 mm margin on the GTV. For the spinal cord, the PTV was generated using a 7 mm margin over GTV^{7 (link)}. The brain and spinal PTVs were summed to generate a single PTV for the plan optimisation. To standardise the contouring of organs at risk for all patients, a predefined structure template consisting of bladder, bowel, brain stem, chiasm, cochlea (bilateral), duodenum, esophagus, eyes (bilateral), thyroid gland, heart, humerus head (bilateral), kidneys (bilateral), lacrimal gland (bilateral), larynx, lens (bilateral), lung (bilateral), mandible, optic nerve (bilateral), oral cavity, ovary (bilateral for female patients), parotid (bilateral), pituitary gland, rectum, stomach, and submandibular glands (bilateral) was used.

Sarkar B., Biswal S.S., Shahid T., Ghosh T., Bhattacharya J., De A., Mukherjee M., Ganesh T, & Cozzi L. (2023). Comparative dosimetric analysis of volumetric modulated arc therapy based craniospinal irradiation plans between Halcyon ring gantry and TrueBeam C-arm linear accelerator. Scientific Reports, 13, 3430.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Abdomen Anesthesia Brain Brain Neoplasms Brain Stem CAT SCANNERS X RAY Cervical Vertebrae Chest Cochlea Cranium Duodenum Esophagus Eye Head Heart Humerus Head Immobilization Intestines Kidney Lacrimal Gland Larynx Lens, Crystalline Lung Mandible Optic Chiasms Optic Nerve Oral Cavity Ovary Parotid Gland Patients Pelvis Pituitary Gland Rectum Spinal Cord Stomach Submandibular Gland Thigh Thyroid Gland Urinary Bladder Vertebral Column Vision Woman

Quantifying Inflammatory Cytokines in Murine Lacrimal Glands

The lacrimal glands harvested from young and aged mice were lysed in PBS by three complete freeze-thaw cycles (−80 °C for 10 minutes, 37 ^oC water bath for 5 minutes). Levels of IL1β and IL33 in the lacrimal gland lysates were quantified using commercially available ELISA kits (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

Elbasiony E., Cho W.J., Singh A., Mittal S.K., Zoukhri D, & Chauhan S.K. (2023). Increased activity of lacrimal gland mast cells are associated with corneal epitheliopathy in aged mice. NPJ Aging, 9(1), 2.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Bath Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Freezing IL33 protein, human Interleukin-1 beta Lacrimal Gland Mice, Laboratory

Mast Cell-Deficient Mouse Model

Six-to 8-week-old (young) and 8-to-12 month-old (aged) C57BL/6 wild-type and age-matched mast cell-deficient cKit^w-sh mice, congenic to C57BL/6 mice, (Stock No: 012861) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) for the described experiments. cKit^w-sh mice were confirmed for their deficiency in mast cells at the ocular surface and the lacrimal gland using flow cytometry. cKit^w-sh mice, unlike the other mast cell-deficient strain (cKit^w-v), have a comparable generation of CD45⁺ immune cells in the bone marrow^{9 (link),43 (link)}. The mice were housed in the Schepens Eye Research Institute animal vivarium. All experiments were reviewed and approved by the Schepens Eye Research Institute Animal Care and Use Committee. The mice were treated according to the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Animals Bones Cells Cultured Cells Flow Cytometry Lacrimal Gland Mast Cell Mice, Congenic Mus Vision

Tryptase Quantification in Lacrimal Gland

Mast Cell Degranulation Assay Kit (Sigma–Aldrich) were used to quantify levels of tryptase^{47 (link)}. The kit detects the chromophore p-nitroaniline (pNA) cleaved from the labeled substrate tosyl-gly-pro-lys-pNA. In brief, the lacrimal gland lysates and the ocular surface tear wash were incubated with 0.1 mg/mL tosyl-gly-pro-lys-pNA (substrate) for 2 hours at 37 °C. A SpectraMax Plus 384 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA) was used to quantify free pNA at 405 nm.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Biological Assay Eye glycyllysine glycylproline Lacrimal Gland lysylglycine Mast Cell Medical Devices nitroaniline Tears

Harvesting Lacrimal Glands from Mice

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) inhalation was used to euthanize the mice to harvest the lacrimal glands. The main extraorbital lacrimal gland was accessed through an incision made between the lateral commissure of the eye and ear. By using forceps, the gland was separated from the parotid gland and exteriorized and harvested.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Carbon dioxide Forceps Inhalation Lacrimal Gland Mice, House Parotid Gland

Top products related to «Lacrimal Gland»

Steponeplus real time pcr system by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Japan, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada, Singapore, Italy, France, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Sweden, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, Portugal, Morocco

The StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System is a compact, flexible, and easy-to-use instrument designed for real-time PCR analysis. It can be used to detect and quantify nucleic acid sequences.

Dnase 1 by Roche

Sourced in United States, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Italy, Macao, China, Australia, Belgium, Israel, Sweden, Spain, Austria

DNase I is a lab equipment product that serves as an enzyme used for cleaving DNA molecules. It functions by catalyzing the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bonds in the DNA backbone, effectively breaking down DNA strands.

Protease inhibitor cocktail by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Canada, Macao, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Israel, Hungary, Ireland, Denmark, Brazil, Poland, India, Mexico, Senegal, Netherlands, Singapore

The Protease Inhibitor Cocktail is a laboratory product designed to inhibit the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that can degrade proteins. It is a combination of various chemical compounds that work to prevent the breakdown of proteins in biological samples, allowing for more accurate analysis and preservation of protein integrity.

Rneasy mini kit by Qiagen

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain, Japan, Canada, France, China, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, India, Jamaica, Singapore, Poland, Lithuania, Brazil, New Zealand, Austria, Hong Kong, Portugal, Romania, Cameroon, Norway

The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.

Power sybr green pcr master mix by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, China, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, Italy, Lithuania, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland

The Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix is a pre-formulated reagent designed for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments. It contains SYBR Green I dye, optimized buffer components, and a DNA polymerase enzyme. The master mix is intended to simplify setup and improve the consistency of qPCR reactions.

Scopolamine hydrobromide by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, Germany

Scopolamine hydrobromide is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Scopolamine hydrobromide is primarily used as a reference standard in analytical procedures and as a component in various research applications.

Ready to go you prime first strand kit by GE Healthcare

Sourced in United States

The Ready-To-Go™ You-Prime First-Strand kit is a lab equipment product designed for the synthesis of first-strand cDNA from total RNA samples. The kit provides all the necessary reagents for the reverse transcription reaction, enabling researchers to efficiently generate first-strand cDNA for downstream applications.

Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Lithuania, Denmark, Singapore, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Poland, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, Cameroon, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand

TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.

Fluoview 1000 by Olympus

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Panama

The Fluoview 1000 is a confocal laser scanning microscope system designed for high-resolution fluorescence imaging. It features a multi-line laser unit, advanced optics, and a sensitive detection system to capture detailed images of fluorescently labeled samples.

C57bl 6 mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch

Sourced in United States, Montenegro, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany

C57BL/6 mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. They are known for their black coat color and are a popular model organism due to their well-characterized genetic and physiological traits.

What are some common disorders or conditions that can affect the lacrimal gland?

The lacrimal gland can be impacted by a variety of disorders, including inflammation (such as dacryoadenitis), infection, autoimmune conditions (like Sjögren's syndrome), and even tumors. These issues can lead to symptoms like dry eye, excessive tearing, pain, and vision problems. Proper diagnosis and treatment by an eye care professional is important for managing lacrimal gland disorders.

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers studying the lacrimal gland?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization can be extremely helpful for researchers studying the lacrimal gland. The platform allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently, leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. By comparing protocols related to the lacrimal gland, PubCompare.ai can help you identify the most effective methods for your specific research goals. This can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of your studies, taking the guesswork out of your research and driving your lacrimal gland studies forward.

Are there different types or variations of the lacrimal gland?

Yes, the lacrimal gland is composed of two main lobes - the larger orbital lobe and the smaller palpebral lobe. These two portions of the gland have slightly differerent functions and structures. Additionally, some people may have anatomical variations or accessory lacrimal glands. Understainding these different components of the lacrimal system can be important for clinical evaluation and treatment of gland-related issues.

How does the lacrimal gland contribute to overall eye health and vision?

The lacrimal gland plays a critical role in maintaining the health and function of the eye. It secretes the aqueous layer of the tear film, which helps lubricate the eye, wash away irritants, and prevent dry eye. the lacrimal gland's tears also contain antibodies and other compounds that protect the eye surface from infection. Proper tear production and distribution by the lacrimal gland is essetial for clear, comfortable vision.

What are some practical tips for optimizing research on the lacrimal gland?

When conducting research on the lacrimal gland, it's important to carefully select the most effective protocols and methods. This is where PubCompare.ai can be a valuable tool. The platfrm's AI analysis can help you quickly identify the key differences between various lacrimal gland protocols, allowing you to choose the approach that will provide the most reproducible and accurate results for your specific research needs. This can save you time, improve your outcomes, and support more rigorous, high-impact studies on the lacrimal gland.

More about "Lacrimal Gland"

The lacrimal gland is a small, almond-shaped exocrine gland responsible for producing the aqueous layer of the tear film, which helps to lubricate and protect the eye.
It is composed of two lobes: a larger orbital lobe and a smaller palpebral lobe.
Disorders of the lacrimal gland, such as inflammation, infection, or tumor, can lead to dry eye syndrome and other vision problems.
Researchers studying the lacrimal gland may use various techniques and tools to enhance their research.
For example, the StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System can be utilized for gene expression analysis, while the RNeasy Mini Kit can be used for RNA extraction.
The Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix can be employed for quantitative PCR to measure gene expression levels.
Additionally, researchers may utilize DNase I to remove any contaminating DNA, and a protease inhibitor cocktail to prevent protein degradation during sample preparation.
The Ready-To-Go™ You-Prime First-Strand kit can be used for cDNA synthesis, and the TRIzol reagent for RNA isolation.
To visualize the lacrimal gland and its structures, the Fluoview 1000 confocal microscope can be employed.
Animal models, such as C57BL/6 mice, are often used in lacrimal gland research to study the gland's function and diseases.
By optimizing their research protocols using AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and effectiveness of their lacrimal gland studies, leading to more robust and reliable results.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization can help researchers easily locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, taking the guesswork out of their research and driving their lacrimal gland studies forward.
One typo: 'imporve' instead of 'improve' in the Metadescription.