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> Anatomy > Body Part > Mammary Gland

Mammary Gland

The mammary gland is a specialized organ found in female mammals that produces milk for nourishing offspring.
It consists of lobes, lobules, and ducts that allow for the storage and secretion of milk.
The mammary gland undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, lactation, and involution, regulated by hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.
Understand the structure, function, and development of this crucial glandular tissue through research on the mammary gland.
Explore its role in lactation, breast cancer, and other related conditions.

Most cited protocols related to «Mammary Gland»

1
Comprehensive Cell Line RNA Isolation
Thirty-four neuroblastoma cell lines were grown to subconfluency according to standard culture conditions. RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Midi Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Nine RNA samples from pooled normal human tissues (heart, brain, fetal brain, lung, trachea, kidney, mammary gland, small intestine and uterus) were obtained from Clontech. Blood and fibroblast biopsies were obtained from different normal healthy individuals. Thirteen leukocyte samples were isolated from 5 ml fresh blood using Qiagen's erythrocyte lysis buffer. Fibroblast cells from 20 upper-arm skin biopsies were cultured for a short time (3-4 passages) and harvested at subconfluency as described [22 (link)]. Bone marrow samples were obtained from nine patients with no hematological malignancy. Total RNA of leukocyte, fibroblast and bone marrow samples was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Vandesompele J., De Preter K., Pattyn F., Poppe B., Van Roy N., De Paepe A, & Speleman F. (2002). Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biology, 3(7), research0034.1-research0034.11.
Publication 2002
Arm, Upper Biopsy BLOOD Bone Marrow Brain Buffers Cell Lines Erythrocytes Fetus Fibroblasts Heart Hematologic Neoplasms Homo sapiens Intestines, Small Kidney Leukocytes Lung Mammary Gland Neuroblastoma Patients Skin Tissues Trachea trizol Uterus
2
Full-Length Transcript Sequencing in Cattle
The Iso-Seq method for sequencing full-length transcripts was developed by PacBio during the same time period as the genome assembly. We therefore used this technique to improve characterization of transcript isoforms expressed in cattle tissues using a diverse set of tissues collected from L1 Dominette 0 1449 upon euthanasia. The data were collected using an early version of the Iso-Seq library protocol [26 ] as suggested by PacBio. Briefly, RNA was extracted from each tissue using Trizol reagent as directed (Thermo Fisher). Then 2 μg of RNA were selected for PolyA tails and converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit (Clontech). The cDNA was amplified in bulk with 12–14 rounds of PCR in 8 separate reactions, then pooled and size-selected into 1–2, 2–3, and 3–6 kb fractions using the BluePippin instrument (Sage Science). Each size fraction was separately re-amplified in 8 additional reactions of 11 PCR cycles. The products for each size fraction amplification were pooled and purified using AMPure PB beads (Pacific Biosciences) as directed, and converted to SMRTbell libraries using the Template Prep Kit v1.0 (PacBio) as directed. Iso-Seq was conducted for 22 tissues including abomasum, aorta, atrium, cerebral cortex, duodenum, hypothalamus, jejunum, liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, lung, lymph node, mammary gland, medulla oblongata, omasum, reticulum, rumen, subcutaneous fat, temporal cortex, thalamus, uterine myometrium, and ventricle from the reference cow, as well as the testis of her sire. The size fractions were sequenced in either 4 (for the smaller 2 fractions) or 5 (for the largest fraction) SMRTcells on the RS II instrument. Isoforms were identified using the Cupcake ToFU pipeline [27 ] without using a reference genome.
Short-read–based RNA-seq data derived from tissues of Dominette were available in the GenBank database because her tissues have been a freely distributed resource for the research community. To complement and extend these data and to ensure that the tissues used for Iso-Seq were also represented by RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis and confirmation of isoforms observed in Iso-Seq, we generated additional data, avoiding overlap with existing public data. Specifically, the TruSeq stranded mRNA LT kit (Illumina, Inc.) was used as directed to create RNA-seq libraries, which were sequenced to ≥30 million reads for each tissue sample. The Dominette tissues that were sequenced in this study include abomasum, anterior pituitary, aorta, atrium, bone marrow, cerebellum, duodenum, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, KPH fat (internal organ fat taken from the covering on the kidney capsule), lung, lymph node, mammary gland (lactating), medulla oblongata, nasal mucosa, omasum, reticulum, rumen, subcutaneous fat, temporal cortex, thalamus, uterine myometrium, and ventricle. RNA-seq libraries were also sequenced from the testis of her sire. All public datasets, and the newly sequenced RNA-seq and Iso-Seq datasets, were used to annotate the assembly, to improve the representation of low-abundance and tissue-specific transcripts, and to properly annotate potential tissue-specific isoforms of each gene.
Rosen B.D., Bickhart D.M., Schnabel R.D., Koren S., Elsik C.G., Tseng E., Rowan T.N., Low W.Y., Zimin A., Couldrey C., Hall R., Li W., Rhie A., Ghurye J., McKay S.D., Thibaud-Nissen F., Hoffman J., Murdoch B.M., Snelling W.M., McDaneld T.G., Hammond J.A., Schwartz J.C., Nandolo W., Hagen D.E., Dreischer C., Schultheiss S.J., Schroeder S.G., Phillippy A.M., Cole J.B., Van Tassell C.P., Liu G., Smith T.P, & Medrano J.F. (2020). De novo assembly of the cattle reference genome with single-molecule sequencing. GigaScience, 9(3), giaa021.
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Publication 2020
Abomasum Anabolism Aorta Bone Marrow Capsule Cattle cDNA Library Cerebellum Cerebral Ventricles Cortex, Cerebral Dietary Fiber DNA, Complementary Duodenum Euthanasia Genes Genome Heart Atrium Hypothalamus Jejunum Kidney Liver Lobe, Frontal Lung Mammary Gland Medulla Oblongata Muscle Tissue Myometrium Nasal Mucosa Nodes, Lymph Omasum Pituitary Hormones, Anterior Poly(A) Tail Protein Isoforms Reticulum RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq Rumen Subcutaneous Fat Temporal Lobe Testis Thalamus Tissues Tissue Specificity Tofu trizol Uterus
3
Transgenic Mouse Models of Mammary Carcinoma
A transgenic CD1 random-bred breeder male mouse (no. 1330) carrying the mutated rat HER-2/neu oncogene driven by the MMTV promoter (Tg-NeuT, provided by Dr. L. Clerici, Euratom, Ispra, Italy; reference 5 (link)) was mated with BALB/c females (H-2d; Charles River, Calco, Italy). The progeny was screened for the transgene by PCR. Transgene-carrying males were backcrossed with BALB/c females for 12 generations and HER-2/neu+ BALB/c mice (BALB–NeuT) were used in these experiments. Parental FVB–NeuN N#202 transgenic mice (6 (link)) carrying the rat HER-2/neu protooncogene driven by the MMTV promoter on the H-2q FVB inbred background were provided by Dr. W.J. Muller (McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) and bred in our animal facilities. Females of both transgenic lines show a MMTV-driven overexpression of the transgene in the mammary gland and a definite tumor growth involving the mammary gland epithelium (5 (link)–7 (link)). Individually tagged virgin females were used in this study. Starting at the age of 5 wk, their mammary glands were inspected once a week, and masses were measured with calipers in the two perpendicular diameters (8 (link)). Progressively growing masses >3 mm mean diameter were regarded as tumors. BALB–NeuT mice were killed at wk 33 when these masses were evident in all 10 mammary glands. FVB–NeuN mice were killed when a mammary mass exceeded 2 cm mean diameter, and surviving mice were killed at 61 wk. All mice were evaluated histologically for mammary tumor development and toxicity related to IL-12 administration.
Boggio K., Nicoletti G., Di Carlo E., Cavallo F., Landuzzi L., Melani C., Giovarelli M., Rossi I., Nanni P., De Giovanni C., Bouchard P., Wolf S., Modesti A., Musiani P., Lollini P.L., Colombo M.P, & Forni G. (1998). Interleukin 12–mediated Prevention of Spontaneous Mammary Adenocarcinomas in Two Lines of Her-2/neu Transgenic Mice. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 188(3), 589-596.
Publication 1998
Animal Mammary Neoplasms Animals Animals, Transgenic Epithelium erbb2 Gene Females Interleukin-12 Males Mammary Gland Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic Mouse mammary tumor virus Neoplasms Neutralization Tests Oncogenes Parent Proto-Oncogenes Rivers Transgenes
4
Comprehensive Breast Cancer Risk Assessment
Trained interviewers administered the two-part telephone interview (CATI1 and CATI2) in either English or Spanish. The interview, which took about 2 h to complete overall, collected information on breast cancer risk factors, residential history, medical history, lifetime occupational history, reproductive history, socioeconomic status, and other information, including sister history of breast cancer (https://sisterstudy.niehs.nih.gov/english/baseline.htm and Table S1). The questionnaires were longer than those in other cohort studies to allow for collection of information on commonly studied known and potential risk factors as well as to collect data on occupational and environmental exposures that were not being collected in most other prospective studies.
Environmental and occupational exposures of interest included but were not limited to chemicals previously identified as mammary carcinogens or endocrine disruptors (Bennett and Davis 2002 (link); Rudel et al. 2007 (link)) and shift work; we asked about history of working in industries and occupations where exposure to these factors was possible as well as exposures at home, such as pesticides, paints, or hobby materials, and gardening. In addition to the time of enrollment, questions focused on periods that may be relevant to breast cancer risk, including in utero and childhood exposures, particularly around menarche. Addresses for current, longest adult, and longest childhood residence have been geocoded for linkage with various GIS databases for environmental exposures, such as air pollution, and census data for socioeconomic and neighborhood factors.
Participants completed self-administered questionnaires on diet, personal care products, family history of cancer, and early-life exposures, including the participant’s mother’s exposures during her pregnancy with the participant. The food frequency questionnaire (Block 98) (Boucher et al. 2006 (link)) was supplemented with questions about cooking practices, dietary intake of phytoestrogens, childhood diet, vitamin supplements, and complementary and alternative medicines and practices.
Sandler D.P., Hodgson M.E., Deming-Halverson S.L., Juras P.S., D’Aloisio A.A., Suarez L.M., Kleeberger C.A., Shore D.L., DeRoo L.A., Taylor J.A, & Weinberg C.R. (2017). The Sister Study Cohort: Baseline Methods and Participant Characteristics. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(12), 127003.
Publication 2017
Adult Air Pollution Carcinogens Cardiac Arrest Diet Dietary Supplements Endocrine Disruptors Environmental Exposure Food Hispanic or Latino Interviewers Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms Mammary Gland Maternal Exposure Menarche Occupational Exposure Pesticides Phytoestrogens Pregnancy Uterus Vitamins
5
Comprehensive Profiling of Human Transcripts
Similar amounts of 24 human cDNAs (brain, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, colon, small intestine, muscle, lung, stomach, testis, placenta, skin, PBLs, bone marrow, fetal brain, fetal liver, fetal kidney, fetal heart, fetal lung, thymus, pancreas, mammary glands, prostate; final dilution 1,000×) were mixed with JumpStart REDTaq ReadyMix (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) and 4 ng/μl primers (Sigma-Genosys, St Louis, MO, USA)) with a BioMek 2000 robot (Beckman, Fullerton, CA, USA) as described and modified [43 (link)-45 (link)]. The 10 first cycles of PCR amplification were performed with a touchdown annealing temperature decreasing from 60°C to 50°C; the annealing temperature of the next 30 cycles was 50°C. Amplimers were separated on 'Ready to Run' precast gels (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and sequenced. This procedure was used to experimentally assay 1,215 exon-exon junctions of human genes predicted by five ab initio and four EST-based methods outside of HAVANA objects and 83 HAVANA novel and 78 putative transcripts (see Results and discussion for details).
Harrow J., Denoeud F., Frankish A., Reymond A., Chen C.K., Chrast J., Lagarde J., Gilbert J.G., Storey R., Swarbreck D., Rossier C., Ucla C., Hubbard T., Antonarakis S.E, & Guigo R. (2006). GENCODE: producing a reference annotation for ENCODE. Genome Biology, 7(Suppl 1), S4.
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Publication 2006
Biological Assay Bone Marrow Brain Care, Prenatal Colon DNA, Complementary Exons Fetal Heart Gels Heart Homo sapiens Intestines, Small Kidney Liver Lung Mammary Gland Muscle Tissue Oligonucleotide Primers Pancreas Placenta Prostate Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Skin Spleen Stomach Technique, Dilution Testis Thymus Plant

Most recents protocols related to «Mammary Gland»

1
Evaluating Antimetastatic Effects of Fascin Inhibitors
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Tumor cell migration is essential for tumor metastasis. Representative compounds described herein were investigated their effects on tumor metastasis in an animal model. Tumor cells (4T1 breast tumor cells) were injected into the mammary fat-pad of mice. The metastasis of these breast tumor cells from the mammary gland to the lung was monitored by the clonogenic assay.

Balb/c mice were purchased from Charles River. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committees of the Weill Cornell Medical College and performed in accordance with institutional polices. For xenograft tumor metastasis studies, 5×105 4T1 cells were suspended in 100 μL PBS and injected subcutaneously into the mammary glands of 6-8 week old female Balb/c mice. Tumor incidence was monitored for 21 days after injection. Tumor size was measured three times a week, and the volume was calculated using the formula length×width2×0.5. Compound treatment was initiated 7 days after tumor implantation; animals were administered daily with indicated dose for 2 weeks. On day 28, the mice were sacrificed. Numbers of metastatic 4T1 cells in lungs were determined by the clonogenic assay. In brief, lungs were removed from each mouse on day 28, finely minced and digested for 2 h at 37° C. in 5 mL of enzyme cocktail containing PBS and 1 mg/mL collagenase type IV on a rocker. After incubation, samples were filtered through 70-μm nylon cell strainers and washed twice with PBS. Resulting cells were suspended, plated with a series of dilutions in 10-cm tissue culture dishes in RPMI-1640 medium containing 60 μM thioguanine, metastasized tumor cells formed foci after 14 days, at which time they were fixed with methanol and stained with 0.03% methylene blue for counting. Data were expressed as mean±S.D. and analyzed by Student's t test with significance defined as p<0.05.

When tested in this animal model at 100 mg/kg, Compounds 10 and 43 showed more than 90% inhibition of tumor metastasis. The compounds described herein are contemplated to be useful for treating a condition or disorder mediated by fascin activity and/or tumor metastasis.

US11858929B2. Compounds and methods for inhibiting fascin (2024-01-02). NOVITA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. [US], CORNELL UNIVERSITY [US]. Inventors: Xin-Yun Huang [US], Christy Young Shue [US].
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Patent 2024
Animal Model Animals Biological Assay Breast Breast Neoplasm Cells Culture Media Enzymes fascin Heterografts Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Lung Mammary Gland Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Methanol Mice, Inbred BALB C Migration, Cell Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Nylons Ovum Implantation Pad, Fat Psychological Inhibition Rivers Technique, Dilution Thioguanine Tissues Woman
2
Milk Yield and Mammary Biopsy in Sows
Feed intake of sows was recorded daily, and the litter size and live weight of piglets were recorded weekly, from which the milk yield was estimated using the equations developed by Hansen et al. [7 (link)]. On d 10 and d 17 of lactation, both milk samples and mammary biopsies were collected 4 to 5 h after morning feeding, and milk samples were collected first, while the sows were held by snare restraint. The milk samples were collected after ear vein injection of 0.3 mL (10 IU/mL) oxytocin (Løvens Kemiske Fabrik, Ballerup, Denmark). The mammary biopsies were collected from three selected glands using a Manan Pro-Mag 2.2 biopsy gun with a 14-gauge needle (Medical Device Technologies, Gainesville, FL, USA) after washing, wiping with ethanol, and application of local anesthesia according to the method described by Theil et al. [21 (link)]. Approximately 20 mg biopsy was collected, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then transferred to −80 ℃ to store for later analysis of mRNA expression.
Zhe L., Krogh U., Lauridsen C., Nielsen M.O., Fang Z, & Theil P.K. (2023). Impact of dietary fat levels and fatty acid composition on milk fat synthesis in sows at peak lactation. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 14, 42.
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Publication 2023
ARID1A protein, human Biopsy Ethanol Feed Intake Freezing Lactation Local Anesthesia Mammary Gland Medical Devices Milk Needle Biopsies Nitrogen Oxytocin RNA, Messenger SNAP Receptor Veins
3
Surgical Specialties Classification Protocol
In accordance with the curriculum of the Board Certification of Surgery of JSS, the fields of CST and R&D were classified into the following eight categories: 1. digestive and abdominal organs; 2. mammary glands; 3. thoracic; 4. heart, aorta, and vena cava; 5. peripheral blood vessels; 6. head and neck, body surface, and endocrine; 7. pediatric; and 8. trauma. The subclassification of each field was done by organ.
Shichinohe T., Date H., Hatano E., Kobayashi E., Hiramatsu M., Hirano S., Izawa Y, & Shirakawa Y. (2023). Cadaver surgical training and research using donated cadavers in the field of surgery in Japan: an overview of reports from 2012 to 2021. Surgery Today.
Publication 2023
Abdomen Aorta Blood Vessel Digestive System Head Heart Mammary Gland Operative Surgical Procedures System, Endocrine Tympanicum, Glomus Venae Cavae Wounds and Injuries
4
Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines Transcriptome Analysis
Human epithelial cell lines from the mammary gland, MCF-10A, and three breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and T47D were obtained from iCell Bioscience Inc. (Shanghai, China). MCF-10A cells were cultured in MEGM Kit medium (Lonza/Clonetics, CC-3150). MDA-MB-468 and T47D cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (iCell-0002), supplemented with 0.02 mg/L of bovine insulin (iCell-0016-a), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. MCF-7 cells were cultured in MEM basic medium (iCell-0012), supplemented with 0.01 mg/mL of bovine insulin, 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The cells were incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Total RNA from the cell lines in logarithmic phage was isolated utilizing the TRIzol Reagent following the producer’s instructions (Ambion, USA). Next, total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA utilizing the SweScript-First-strand-cDNA-synthesis-kit (Servicebio, China) and qPCR was subsequently carried out using the 2xUniversal Blue SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix, according to the manufacturers’ direction (Servicebio, China). The sequences of the primers were listed in Table 2. The relative expression level was normalized to the endogenous control GAPDH and calculated using the 2−ΔΔCq method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001 (link)). The Student’s t-test was used to contrast the distinction. The two-tailed p-value <0.05 was delimited as statistically significant.
Chen X., Yang C., Wang W., He X., Sun H., Lyu W., Zou K., Fang S., Dai Z, & Dong H. (2023). Exploration of prognostic genes and risk signature in breast cancer patients based on RNA binding proteins associated with ferroptosis. Frontiers in Genetics, 14, 1025163.
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Publication 2023
Anabolism Atmosphere Bacteriophages Bos taurus Cell Lines Cells Culture Media DNA, Complementary Epithelial Cells Fetal Bovine Serum GAPDH protein, human Insulin Mammary Gland MCF-7 Cells Oligonucleotide Primers Penicillins Streptomycin Student SYBR Green I trizol
5
Establishment and Characterization of Paclitaxel-Resistant Breast Cancer PDX Models
MAS98.12 PDX was established in-house and described previously (18 (link)). The paclitaxel resistant sub-line MAS98.12PR was established from a mouse bearing MAS98.12 tumor that was treated with 15 mg/kg paclitaxel twice per week for three weeks and after the initial response developed resistance as shown in Figure 1A. HBCx39 PDX was established at the Institute Curie (Paris, France) (19 (link), 20 (link)) and was obtained through collaboration with Dr. Elisabetta Marangoni. All xenografts were maintained by serial passaging, implanting 1-3 mm3 pieces of the parental tumors into thoracic mammary glands of 6-8 week-old female HSD : Athymic Nude Foxn1nu mice locally bred at the Department of Comparative Medicine at the Norwegian Radium Hospital (Oslo, Norway). Before implantation, the mice were placed under anesthesia with sevoflurane (Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA).
The treatments were initiated when tumor volume reached 60-200 mm3 and lasted for three weeks. Paclitaxel (Hospira UK Ltd, Hurley, UK or Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland) diluted in 0.9% saline was given intravenously (i.v), while capecitabine (Accord-UK, Barnstaple, UK) diluted in 40 mM citric buffer/5% gummi arabicum and everolimus (LC Laboratories, Woburn, MA, US) diluted in 0.5% methyl cellulose solution were given orally. Tumor growth was followed by measuring their size (length L and width W) using a caliper, and the tumor volume was calculated as: W2 x L x 0.5.
This study is compliant with all relevant ethical regulations regarding animal research and was conducted according to the recommendations of the European Laboratory Animals Science Association. All experiments involving animals were approved by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (FOTS id 15499).
Pettersen S., Øy G.F., Egeland E.V., Juell S., Engebråten O., Mælandsmo G.M, & Prasmickaite L. (2023). Breast cancer patient-derived explant cultures recapitulate in vivo drug responses. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1040665.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals Buffers Capecitabine Citric Acid Europeans Everolimus Heterografts Mammary Gland Methylcellulose Mice, Nude Mus Neoplasms Normal Saline Ovum Implantation Paclitaxel Parent Pharmaceutical Preparations Radium Sevoflurane Woman

Top products related to «Mammary Gland»

1
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
2
Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
3
Matrigel by BD
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Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.
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Hyaluronidase by Merck Group
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Hyaluronidase is an enzyme used in laboratory settings. It functions by breaking down hyaluronic acid, a component of the extracellular matrix.
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Matrigel by Corning
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Matrigel is a complex mixture of extracellular matrix proteins derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells. It is widely used as a basement membrane matrix to support the growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of various cell types in cell culture applications.
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Mda mb 231 by American Type Culture Collection
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MDA-MB-231 is a cell line derived from a human breast adenocarcinoma. This cell line is commonly used in cancer research and is known for its aggressive and metastatic properties.
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Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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Dmem f12 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.
9
Mcf 7 by American Type Culture Collection
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MCF-7 is a cell line derived from human breast adenocarcinoma. It is an adherent epithelial cell line that can be used for in vitro studies.
10
Dnase 1 by Merck Group
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DNase I is a laboratory enzyme that functions to degrade DNA molecules. It catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, effectively breaking down DNA strands.

More about "Mammary Gland"

The mammary gland, also known as the breast, is a complex and dynamic organ found in female mammals.
This specialized structure is responsible for the production and secretion of milk, which nourishes offspring during the critical early stages of life.
The mammary gland is composed of lobes, lobules, and ducts that allow for the storage and release of milk.
The development and function of the mammary gland are tightly regulated by a variety of hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.
During pregnancy, the mammary gland undergoes significant changes to prepare for lactation, and it continues to undergo transformations throughout the lactation period and subsequent involution.
Researchers studying the mammary gland often utilize various tools and techniques, such as FBS (fetal bovine serum) for cell culture, TRIzol reagent for RNA extraction, Matrigel for 3D cell culture, and hyaluronidase for tissue dissociation.
Cell lines like MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 are commonly used in mammary gland research, while culture media like DMEM and DMEM/F12 provide the necessary nutrients for cell growth and differentiation.
Understanding the structure, function, and development of the mammary gland is crucial for advancing our knowledge of lactation, breast cancer, and other related conditions.
The insights gained from research in this field can lead to improved diagnostic methods, more effective treatments, and a better overall understanding of this essential glandular tissue.