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> Anatomy > Body Part > Molar

Molar

Molar is a term used to describe the large, flat teeth located at the back of the mouth.
These teeth are primarily responsible for grinding and chewing food during the digestive process.
Molars typically have multiple cusps or points on their chewing surface, allowing for efficient mastication.
They play a crucial role in maintaining proper oral function and dental health.
PubCompare.ai can help optimize your molar measurements and experiments by providing access to the most reliable and effective protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents using AI-driven comparisons.

Most cited protocols related to «Molar»

1
ERCC Spike-in Control Quantification
The Ambion(textregistered) External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) spike-in control includes 92 spike-in transcripts, which are spiked in difference concentrations in each of the two mixes (Mix 1 and Mix 2) (http://www.lifetechnologies.com, 2013). The transcripts in these two mixes are present at defined Mix 1:Mix 2 molar concentration ratios, described by four subgroups (log fold changes of 2, 0, −0.58 and −1, respectively). Each group contains 23 transcripts spanning a 106-fold concentration range, with approximately the same transcript size and GC content. The median length of the spike-in transcript sequence is 994 bp.
The ERCC spike-in control sequencing data used in this study were created as part of the SEQC study. Mix 1 and Mix 2 were pooled with SEQC sample A (UHRR) and sample B (HBRR), respectively, before library preparation was performed. Spike-in transcript sequences were combined with human genome so that a hybrid index can be built by each aligner. Spike-in reads and human reads were then mapped to the hybrid index.
To compute fold changes for each spike-in transcript, read counts were normalized by total number of mapped spike-in reads and by the transcript length (reads per 1 kb transcript per 10 000 mapped spike-in reads). An offset count of 0.5 was added to the raw read counts to avoid taking the log of zero.
Liao Y., Smyth G.K, & Shi W. (2013). The Subread aligner: fast, accurate and scalable read mapping by seed-and-vote. Nucleic Acids Research, 41(10), e108.
Publication 2013
DNA Library Genome, Human Homo sapiens Hybrids Molar PER1 protein, human
2
PacBio Sequencing by Synthesis Protocol
Genomic DNA was sheared to 8 kb using an ultrasonicator (Covaris Inc, Woburn, MA) and was converted into the proprietary SMRTbell™ library format using RS DNA Template Preparation Kit (Pacific Biosciences, Melon Park, CA). Briefly, sheared DNA was end repaired, and hairpin adapters were ligated using T4 DNA ligase. Incompletely formed SMRTbell templates were degraded with a combination of Exonuclease III and Exonuclease VII. The resulting DNA templates were purified using SPRI magnetic beads (AMPure, Agencourt Bioscience, Beverly, MA) and annealed to a two-fold molar excess of a sequencing primer that specifically bound to the single-stranded loop region of the hairpin adapters.
SMRTbell templates were subjected to standard SMRT sequencing using an engineered phi29 DNA polymerase on the PacBio RS system according to manufacturer's protocol. The PacBio RS system continuously monitors zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) in sets of 75000 at a time. Within each ZMW a single DNA polymerase molecule is attached to the bottom surface such that it permanently resides within the detection volume where it can be watched as it performs sequencing by synthesis. Within each chamber, Phospholinked nucleotides, each type labeled with a different colored fluorophore, are then introduced into the reaction solution at high concentrations that promote enzyme speed, accuracy, and processivity. Pulse calling, utilized a threshold algorithm on the dye weighted intensities of fluorescence emissions, and read alignments, achieved using a Smith-Waterman algorithm. Reads were filtered after alignment to remove low quality sequences derived from doubly-loaded ZMWs.
English A.C., Richards S., Han Y., Wang M., Vee V., Qu J., Qin X., Muzny D.M., Reid J.G., Worley K.C, & Gibbs R.A. (2012). Mind the Gap: Upgrading Genomes with Pacific Biosciences RS Long-Read Sequencing Technology. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e47768.
Publication 2012
Anabolism DNA DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase DNA Library Enzymes exodeoxyribonuclease III Exonuclease Fluorescent Dyes Genome Melons Molar NCOR2 protein, human Nucleotides Oligonucleotide Primers Pulse Rate T4 DNA Ligase
3
Structural Determination of β2AR-T4L and Nb80 Complex
Preparation of β2AR-T4L and Nb80 are described in Supplementary Methods. BI-167107 bound β2AR-T4L and Nb80 preincubated in 1:1.2 molar ratio were mixed in monoolein containing 10% cholesterol in 1:1.5 protein to lipid ratio (w/w). Initial crystallization leads were identified and optimized in 24-well glass sandwich plates using 50 nL protein:lipid drops overlaid with 0.8 μl precipitant solution in each well and sealed with a glass cover slip. Crystals for data collection were grown at 20° C in hanging-drop format using 0.8 μl reservoir solution (36 to 44% PEG 400, 100 mM Tris pH 8.0, 4 % DMSO, 1 % 1,2,3-heptanetriol) diluted 2 to 4-fold in water. Crystals grew to full size, typically 40 x 5 x 5 μm3, within 7 to 10 days. Crystals were flash frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen with reservoir solution as cryoprotectant. Diffraction data collection and processing, and structure solution and refinement are described in Supplementary Methods.
Rasmussen S.G., Choi H.J., Fung J.J., Pardon E., Casarosa P., Chae P.S., DeVree B.T., Rosenbaum D.M., Thian F.S., Kobilka T.S., Schnapp A., Konetzki I., Sunahara R.K., Gellman S.H., Pautsch A., Steyaert J., Weis W.I, & Kobilka B.K. (2011). Structure of a nanobody-stabilized active state of the β2 adrenoceptor. Nature, 469(7329), 175-180.
Publication 2010
BI167107 Cholesterol Cryoprotective Agents Crystallization Freezing Lipids Molar monoolein Nitrogen polyethylene glycol 400 Proteins Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tromethamine
4
Synthesis of Photopolymerizable PEGDA

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Publication 2009
acryloyl chloride Anabolism Ethyl Ether Hydroxyl Radical Molar poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate Toluene triethylamine
5
Murine Periodontitis Model

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Publication 2013
Dentition, Adult Females Food Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Ligation Maxilla Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Molar Specific Pathogen Free Sterility, Reproductive

Most recents protocols related to «Molar»

1
Synthesis of High-Conductivity Entropy-Stabilized Nanometal Oxide
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Provided is a preparation method for an A-site high-entropy nanometer metal oxide (Gd0.4Er0.3La0.4Nd0.5Y0.4)(Zr0.7, Sn0.8, V0.5)O7 with high conductivity, the method including the following steps.

    • (1) Gd(NO3)3, Er(NO3)3, La(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Y(NO3)3, ZrOSO4, SnC14 and NH4VO3 were taken at a molar ratio of 0.4:0.3:0.4:0.5:0.4:0.7:0.8:0.5, added to a mixed solution of deionized water/absolute ethyl alcohol/tetrahydrofuran at a mass ratio of 0.3:3:0.5, and stirred for five minutes to obtain a mixed liquid I. The ratio of the total mass of Gd(NO3)3, Er(NO3)3, La(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Y(NO3)3, ZrOSO4, SnC14 and NH4VO3 to that of the mixed solution of deionized water/absolute ethyl alcohol/tetrahydrofuran (0.3:3:0.5) is 12.6%.
    • (2) Para-phenylene diamine, hydrogenated tallowamine, sorbitol and carbamyl ethyl acetate at a mass ratio of 1:0.2:7:0.01 were taken, added to propyl alcohol, and stirred for one hour to obtain a mixed liquid II. The ratio of the total mass of the para-phenylene diamine, the hydrogenated tallowamine, the sorbitol and the carbamyl ethyl acetate to that of the propyl alcohol is 7.5%;
    • (3) The mixed liquid I obtained in step (1) was heated to 50° C., and the mixed liquid II obtained in step (2) was dripped at the speed of one drop per second, into the mixed liquid I obtained in step (1) with stirring and ultrasound, and heated to the temperature of 85° C. after the dripping is completed and the temperature was maintained for three hours while stopping stirring, and the temperature was decreased to the room temperature, so as to obtain a mixed liquid III. The mass ratio of the mixed liquid I to the mixed liquid II is 10:4.
    • (4) The mixed liquid III was added to an electrolytic cell with using a platinum electrode as an electrode and applying a voltage of 3 V to two ends of the electrode, and reacting for 13 minutes, to obtain a mixed liquid IV.
    • (5) The mixed liquid IV obtained in step (4) was heated with stirring, another mixed liquid II was taken and dripped into the mixed liquid IV obtained in step (4) at the speed of one drop per second. The mass ratio of the mixed liquid II to the mixed liquid IV is 1.05:1.25; and after the dripping is completed, the temperature was decreased to the room temperature under stirring, so as to obtain a mixed liquid V.
    • (6) A high-speed shearing treatment was performed on the mixed liquid V obtained in step (5) by using a high-speed shear mulser at the speed of 20000 revolutions per minute for one hour, so as to obtain a mixed liquid VI.
    • (7) Lyophilization treatment was performed on the mixed liquid VI to obtain a mixture I;
    • (8) The mixture I obtained in step (7) and absolute ethyl alcohol were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2 and uniformly stirred, and were sealed at a temperature of 210° C. for performing solvent thermal treatment for 18 hours. The reaction was cooled to the room temperature, the obtained powder was collected by centrifugation, washed with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol eight times respectively, and dried to obtain a powder I.
    • (9) The powder I obtained in step (8) and ammonium persulfate was uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 10:1, and sealed and heated to 165° C. The temperature was maintained for 13 hours. The reaction was cooled to the room temperature, the obtained mixed powder was washed with deionized water ten times, and dried to obtain a powder II.
    • (10) The powder II obtained in step (4) was placed into a crucible, heated to a temperature of 1500° C. at a speed of 3° C. per minute. The temperature was maintained for 7 hours. The reaction was cooled to the room temperature, to obtain an A-site high-entropy nanometer metal oxide (Gd0.4Er0.3La0.4Nd0.5Y0.4)(Zr0.7, Sn0.8, V0.5)O7 with high conductivity.

As observed via an electron microscope, the obtained A-site high-entropy nanometer metal oxide with high conductivity is a powder, and has microstructure of a square namometer sheet with a side length of about 4 nm and a thickness of about 1 nm.

The product powder was taken and compressed by using a powder sheeter at a pressure of 550 MPa into a sheet. Conductivity of the sheet is measured by using the four-probe method, and the conductivity of the product is 2.1×108 S/m.

A commercially available ITO (indium tin oxide) powder is taken and compressed by using a powder sheeter at a pressure of 550 MPa into a sheet, and the conductivity of the sheet is measured by using the four-probe method.

As measured, the conductivity of the commercially available ITO (indium tin oxide) is 1.6×106 S/m.

US11866343B2. A-site high-entropy nanometer metal oxide with high conductivity, and preparation method thereof (2024-01-09). Zhejiang University [CN]. Inventors: Lingjie Zhang [CN], Weiwei Cai [CN], Ningzhong Bao [CN].
Patent 2024
1-Propanol 4-phenylenediamine Absolute Alcohol ammonium peroxydisulfate Cells Centrifugation Electric Conductivity Electrolytes Electron Microscopy Entropy Ethanol ethyl acetate Freeze Drying indium tin oxide Metals Molar Oxides Platinum Powder Pressure propyl acetate Solvents Sorbitol tetrahydrofuran Ultrasonography
2
Novel Fluoropolymer Synthesis and Characterization
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 1

In an AISI 316 steel vertical autoclave, equipped with baffles and a stirrer working at 570 rpm, 3.5 liter of demineralized water were introduced. The temperature was then brought to reaction temperature of 80° C. and the selected amount of 34% w/w aqueous solution of cyclic surfactant of formula (VI) as defined above, with Xa=NH4, was added. VDF and ethane were introduced to the selected pressure variation reported in Table 1. A gaseous mixture of TFE-VDF in the molar nominal ratio reported in Table 1 was subsequently added via a compressor until reaching a pressure of 20 bar. Then, the selected amount of a 3% by weight water solution of sodium persulfate (NaPS) as initiator was fed. The polymerization pressure was maintained constant by feeding the above mentioned TFE-VDF while adding the PPVE monomer at regular intervals until reaching the total amount indicated in the table 1.

When 1000 g of the mixture were fed, the reactor was cooled at room temperature, the latex was discharged, frozen for 48 hours and, once unfrozen, the coagulated polymer was washed with demineralized water and dried at 160° C. for 24 hours.

The composition of the obtained polymer F-1, as measured by NMR, was Polymer (F-1)(693/99): TFE (69.6% mol)—VDF (27.3% mol)—PPVE (2.1% mol), having melting point Tm=218° C. and MFI=5 g/10′.

The procedure of example 1 was repeated, by introducing the amount of ingredients indicated in the third column of Table 1.

The composition of the obtained polymer P-1, as measured by NMR, was Polymer (C-1)(693/67): TFE (71% mol)—VDF (28.5% mol)—PPVE (0.5% mol), having melting point Tm=249° C. and MFI=5 g/10′.

EXAMPLE 2

The procedure of example 1 was repeated, by introducing the amount of ingredients indicated in the second column of Table 1.

The composition of the obtained polymer F-2, as measured by NMR, was Polymer (F-1)(693/100): TFE (68% mol)—VDF (29.8% mol)—PPVE (2.2% mol), having melting point Tm=219° C. and MFI=1.5 g/10′.

In an AISI 316 steel horizontal reactor, equipped with a stirrer working at 42 rpm, 56 liter of demineralized water were introduced. The temperature was then brought to reaction temperature of 65° C. and the selected amount of 40% w/w aqueous solution of cyclic surfactant of formula (VI) as defined above, with X1=NH4, was added. VDF and ethane were introduced to the selected pressure variation reported in Table 1.

A gaseous mixture of TFE-VDF in the molar nominal ratio reported in Table 1 was subsequently added via a compressor until reaching a pressure of 20 bar.

Then, the selected amount of a 0.25% by weight water solution of sodium persulfate (NaPS) as initiator was fed. The polymerization pressure was maintained constant by feeding the above mentioned TFE-VDF while adding the PPVE monomer at regular intervals until reaching the total amount indicated in the table 1.

When 16000 g of the mixture were fed, the reactor was cooled at room temperature, the latex was discharged, frozen for 48 hours and, once unfrozen, the coagulated polymer was washed with demineralized water and dried at 160° C. for 24 hours. The composition of the obtained polymer C-2, as measured by NMR, was Polymer (C-2)(SA1100): TFE (70.4% mol)—VDF (29.2% mol)—PPVE (0.4% mol), having melting point Tm=232° C. and MFI=8 g/10′.

EXAMPLE 3

The procedure of Comparative Example 2 was repeated, by introducing the following changes:

    • demineralized water introduced into the reactor: 66 litres;
    • polymerization temperature of 80° C.
    • polymerization pressure: 12 abs bar
    • Initiator solution concentration of 6% by weight
    • MVE introduced in the amount indicated in table 1
    • Overall amount of monomers mixture fed in the reactor: 10 000 g, with molar ratio TFE/VDF as indicated in Table 1.

All the amount of ingredients are indicated in the fifth column of Table 1.

The composition of the obtained polymer (C-3), as measured by NMR, was Polymer (C-3)(693/22): TFE (72.1% mol)—VDF (26% mol)—PMVE (1.9% mol), having melting point Tm=226° C. and MFI=8 g/10′.

TABLE 1
(F-1)(F-2)(C-1)(C-2)(C-3)
Surfactant solution [g]505050740800
Surfactant [g/l]4.854.854.855.284.12
Initiator solution [ml]1001001002500600
Initiator [g/kg]3.03.03.00.396.0
VDF [bar]1.81.801.81.8
TFE/VDF mixture 70/3070/3070/3070/3069/301
[molar ratio]
FPVE [g]1221223166002
Ethane [bar]0.60.30.2520.1
1gaseous mixture containing 1% moles of perfluoromethylvinylether (FMVE);
2initial partial pressure of FMVE 0.35 bar.

The results regarding polymers (F-1), (F-2) of the invention, and comparative (C-1), (C-2) and (C-3) are set forth in Table 2 here below

TABLE 2
693/99693/100693/67SA1100693/14
(F-1)(F-2)(C-1)(C-2)(C-3)
Elongation at5777392904035
break [%, 200° C.]
Tensile modulus425374484594500
[MPa, 23° C.]
Tensile yield stress11.611.414.015.512.5
[MPa, 23° C.]
Tensile modulus29385676—
[MPa, 170° C.]
Tensile modulus1210484723
[MPa, 200° C.]
SHI [MPa, 23° C.]3.65.11.91.61.7
ESR as yieldingNoNoYieldingYieldingYielding
[time, 23° C.]YieldingYieldingafter 1after 1after 1
minminmin

In particular, the polymer (F) of the present invention as notably represented by the polymers (F-1), (F-2), surprisingly exhibits a higher elongation at break at 200° C. as compared to the polymers (C-1) and (C-2) of the prior art.

Also, the polymer (F) of the present invention as notably represented by the polymers (F-1), (F-2), despite its lower tensile modulus, which remains nevertheless in a range perfectly acceptable for various fields of use, surprisingly exhibits a higher strain hardening rate by plastic deformation as compared to the polymers (C-1) and (C-2) of the prior art.

Finally, the polymer (F) of the present invention as notably represented by the polymers (F-1) and (F-2) surprisingly exhibits higher environmental stress resistance when immersed in fuels as compared to the polymers (C-1) and (C-2) of the prior art.

Yet, comparison of polymer (F) according to the present invention with performances of polymer (C-3) comprising perfluoromethylvinylether (FMVE) as modifying monomer shows the criticality of selecting perfluoropropylvinylether: indeed, FMVE is shown producing at similar monomer amounts, copolymer possessing too high stiffness, and hence low elongation at break, unsuitable for being used e.g. in O&G applications.

US11859033B2. Melt-processible fluoropolymer (2024-01-02). SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERS ITALY S.P.A. [IT]. Inventors: Mattia Bassi [IT], Alessio Marrani [IT], Valeriy Kapelyushko [IT].
Patent 2024
Ethane Fluorocarbon Polymers Freezing G-800 Gases Latex Molar N-(4-aminophenethyl)spiroperidol Nevus Partial Pressure Polymerization Polymers Pressure Sclerosis sodium persulfate Steel Surface-Active Agents
3
Fabrication of NiOOH/Cu2O/WO3 Electrocatalytic Material
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

    • (1) Prepared a nickel oxalate dihydrate NiC2O4·2H2O solution A with a concentration of 3 mol/L. Specifically, NiC2O4·2H2O was added to 50 mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 minutes to form a uniformly mixed solution A;
    • (2) Put the solution A into a polytetrafluoroethylene lined autoclave, the volume filling ratio was maintained at 50%;
    • (3) Took a 50 mL beaker, and completely immersed the foamed copper with a length of 7 cm and a width of 1 cm into acetone, 3 mol/L HCl solution, deionized water, and absolute ethanol in sequence, and carried out ultrasonic treatment separately for 30 minutes. Put the processed foamed copper into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor containing the solution A; put the sealed reactor into a homogeneous hydrothermal reactor, the temperature parameter was set to 180° C., and the reaction time was 18 hours;
    • (4) After the reaction was completed and cooled to room temperature, the foamed copper after the reaction was taken out and washed with absolute ethanol and deionized water for 3 times;
    • (5) Prepared a solution B of tungsten hexachloride WCl6 with a concentration of 4 mol/L. Specifically, added WCl6 to 60 mL of deionized water and stirred it for 30 minutes to form a uniformly mixed solution B;
    • (6) Immersed the NiOOH/Cu2O-grown foamed copper in a polytetrafluoroethylene lined autoclave containing the solution B and sealed it, and the volume filling ratio was maintained at 60%. Put the sealed autoclave into a homogeneous hydrothermal reactor, the temperature parameter was set to 140° C., and the reaction time was 30 hours;
    • (7) After the reaction was completed, cooled to room temperature, took out the foamed copper after the reaction, and washed with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times. Put it into a 60° C. vacuum oven or a freeze-drying oven to dry for 6 hours to obtain a NiOOH/Cu2O/WO3/CF self-supporting electrocatalytic material. The total loading of NiOOH/Cu2O/WO3 was 3 mg/cm2. The molar ratio of WO3, Cu2O, and NiOOH was 1:0.6:0.05.

US11879177B2. Self-supporting electrocatalytic material and preparation method thereof (2024-01-23). SHAANXI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY [CN]. Inventors: Jianfeng Huang [CN], Guojuan Hai [CN], Liyun Cao [CN], Liangliang Feng [CN].
Patent 2024
Acetone Copper Ethanol Molar Nickel Oxalates Polytetrafluoroethylene Tungsten Ultrasonics Vacuum
4
Synthesis of PNAEP67-PnBA500 Diblock Copolymer
Not available on PMC !

Example 28

[Figure (not displayed)]

A typical protocol used for the synthesis of the PNAEP67-PnBA500 diblock copolymer was as follows: PNAEP67 macro-CTA (0.185 g, 14.6 μmol), deionised water (4.501 g, corresponding to a 20% w/w solution) and KPS (1.320 mg, 4.9 μmol; PNAEP67/KPS=3.0) were weighed into a 10 mL round-bottom flask charged with a magnetic flea. HCl (10 μL, 0.2 M) was added to reduce the pH to 3.0. This flask was then immersed in an ice bath, and the solution was degassed with nitrogen for 30 min. nBA (1.500 g) was weighed into a separate 14 mL vial and degassed with nitrogen in an ice bath for 30 min. An AsAc stock solution (0.01% w/w) was weighed into a second 14 mL vial and degassed with nitrogen in an ice bath for 30 min. After 30 min nBA (1.05 ml, 7.32 mmol; target DP=500) was added to the flask using a degassed syringe and needle under nitrogen. The flask contents were then stirred vigorously to ensure thorough mixing and degassed for 5 min before being immersed in an oil bath set at 30° C. After 1 min, AsAc (0.09 ml, 4.9 μmol; KPS/AscAc molar ratio=1.0) was added to the flask. The nBA polymerisation was allowed to proceed for 1 h before being quenched by exposing the reaction solution to air and immersing the reaction vial in an ice bath. 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis of the disappearance of vinyl signals indicated a final nBA conversion of 99%. Chloroform GPC analysis of this copolymer indicated a Mn of 86.6 kg mol−1 and an Mw/Mn of 1.56. Other diblock copolymer compositions were obtained by adjusting the nBA/PNAEP67 molar ratio.

US11859029B2. Methods of synthesis of homopolymers and non-homopolymers comprising repeating units derived from monomers comprising lactam and acryloyl moieties in an aqueous medium (2024-01-02). ISP INVESTMENTS LLC [US]. Inventors: Oliver Johnathan Deane [GB], Osama M. Musa [US], Steven Peter Armes [GB], Alan Fernyhough [GB], Rebecca Roisin Gibson [GB].
Patent 2024
1H NMR Anabolism Bath Chloroform Fleas Molar Needles Nitrogen Polymerization Polyvinyl Chloride Spectrum Analysis Syringes
5
Synthesis and Surface Modification of Hydrotalcite Particles
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 25° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.

In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).

Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles. The produced hydrotalcite particles were subjected to an elemental analysis, resulting in that Mg/Al (molar ratio)=2.1.

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-048712, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

In 150 g/L of NaOH solution in an amount of 3 L were dissolved 90 g of metal aluminum to give a solution. After 399 g of MgO were added to the solution, 174 g of Na2CO3 were added thereto and they were reacted with each other for 6 hours with stirring at 95° C. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 30 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was cooled, filtered and washed to give solid matters, a drying treatment was performed on the solid matters at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Example 2

In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.

In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).

Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Solid products of hydrotalcite particles were produced in a same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that reaction conditions of 95° C. and 6 hours for synthesis of the hydrotalcite particles slurry in Comparative Example 1 were changed to hydrothermal reaction conditions of 170° C. and 6 hours.

Example 3

In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 60° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.

In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).

Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-103854, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

Into a 5 L container were added 447.3 g of magnesium hydroxide (d50=4.0 μm) and 299.2 g of aluminum hydroxide (d50=8.0 μm), and water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 3 L. They were stirred for 10 minutes to prepare slurry. The slurry had physical properties of d50=10 μm and d90=75 μm. Then, the slurry was subjected to wet grinding for 18 minutes (residence time) by using Dinomill MULTILAB (wet grinding apparatus) with controlling a slurry temperature during grinding by using a cooling unit so as not to exceed 40° C. As a result, ground slurry had physical properties of d50=1.0 μm, d90=3.5 μm, and slurry viscosity=5000 cP. Then, sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to 2 L of the ground slurry such that an amount of the sodium hydrogen carbonate was ½ mole with respect to 1 mole of the magnesium hydroxide. Water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 8 L, and they were stirred for 10 minutes to give slurry. Into an autoclave was put 3 L of the slurry, and a hydrothermal reaction was caused at 170° C. for 2 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.

To the hydrotalcite particles slum were added 6.8 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After solids were filtered by filtration, the filtrated cake was washed with 9 L of ion exchange water at 35° C. The filtrated cake was further washed with 100 mL of ion exchange water, and a conductance of water used for washing was measured. As a result, the conductance of this water was 50 μS/sm (25° C.). The water-washed cake was dried at 100° C. for 24 hours and was ground to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Example 5

In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 192 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 1.6 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.

In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).

Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H06-136179, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

To 1 L of water were added 39.17 g of sodium hydroxide and 11.16 g of sodium carbonate with stirring, and they were heated to 40° C. Then, to 500 mL of distilled water were added 61.28 g of magnesium chloride (19.7% as MgO), 37.33 g of aluminum chloride (20.5% as Al2O3), and 2.84 g of ammonium chloride (31.5% as NH3) such that a molar ratio of Mg to Al, Mg/Al, was 2.0 and a molar ratio of NH3 to Al, NH3/Al, was 0.35. As a result, an aqueous solution A was prepared. The aqueous solution A was gradually poured into a reaction system of the sodium hydroxide and the sodium carbonate. The reaction system after pouring had pH of 10.2. Moreover, a reaction of the reaction system was caused at 90° C. for about 20 hours with stirring to give hydrotalcite particles slurry.

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 1.1 g of stearic acid, and a surface treatment was performed on particles with stirring to give a reacted suspension. The reacted suspension was subjected to filtration and water washing, and then the reacted suspension was subjected to drying at 70° C. The dried suspension was ground by a compact sample mill to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

US11873230B2. Hydrotalcite particles, method for producing hydrotalcite particles, resin stabilizer containing hydrotalcite particles, and resin composition containing hydrotalcite particles (2024-01-16). TODA KOGYO CORP. [JP], SAKAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. [JP]. Inventors: Koji Kakuya [JP], Atsuko Yasunaga [JP], Nobukatsu Shigi [JP].
Patent 2024
A-A-1 antibiotic Aluminum Aluminum Chloride aluminum oxide hydroxide Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbon dioxide Chloride, Ammonium Filtration hydrotalcite Hydroxide, Aluminum Ion Exchange Japanese Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Hydroxide Molar Oxide, Magnesium Physical Processes Powder Resins, Plant sodium aluminate sodium carbonate Sodium Hydroxide Stainless Steel stearic acid Suby's G solution Viscosity

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More about "Molar"

Molars are the large, flat teeth located at the back of the mouth, responsible for grinding and chewing food during digestion.
These multi-cupped teeth play a crucial role in oral function and dental health.
Effective molar measurements and experiments are essential for understanding chewing mechanics and overall oral physiology.
Optimizing molar research can be enhanced through tools like PubCompare.ai, an AI platform that helps identify the most reliable and effective protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This can include leveraging techniques and products like the J-810 or J-815 spectropolarimeters for assessing molar structure, Zeba Spin Desalting Columns and PD-10 desalting columns for sample purification, Vitrobot Mark IV for specimen preparation, and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Lipofectamine 2000, and DMSO for various experimental applications.
By utilizing these resources and optimizing molar-related experiments, researchers can improve the accuracy, reproducibility, and overall quality of their dental and oral health studies.
A typo might be 'Lipofectamine 2000' instead of 'Lipofectamine 2000'.