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Muscle, Back
Muscle and Back refers to the musculoskeletal system responsible for movement, posture, and support of the human body.
This includes the skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and vertebral column that work together to enable a wide range of motions and provide structural integrity.
Researchers studying muscle and back physiology, biomechanics, and related disorders can leverge PubCompare.ai to optimize their research workflow.
The tool helps locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while using AI-driven comparisons to identify the best methodologies and products.
This enhances reproducibility and accuracy in muscle and back research.
PubCompare.ai is a poweful tool that can help advance our understanding of this complex and importnant anatomical system.
This includes the skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and vertebral column that work together to enable a wide range of motions and provide structural integrity.
Researchers studying muscle and back physiology, biomechanics, and related disorders can leverge PubCompare.ai to optimize their research workflow.
The tool helps locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while using AI-driven comparisons to identify the best methodologies and products.
This enhances reproducibility and accuracy in muscle and back research.
PubCompare.ai is a poweful tool that can help advance our understanding of this complex and importnant anatomical system.
Most cited protocols related to «Muscle, Back»
Biceps Femoris
Ethics Committees, Research
Females
Healthy Volunteers
Isometric Contraction
Males
Movement
Muscle, Back
Muscle Tissue
Tibial Muscle, Anterior
Tissue, Adipose
Trapezoid Bones
Vastus Lateralis
Body composition analyses for abdominal fat and muscles were performed from the reconstructed water and fat images, using the commercially available service AMRA® Profiler (Advanced MR Analytics AB, Linköping, Sweden). The methods used in AMRA® Profiler have been thoroughly described in earlier publications [10 (link), 11 (link), 15 (link), 33 ] but briefly the analysis consisted of the following steps: (1) image calibration to fat referenced images, (2) labels of fat and muscle compartments registered to the acquired volumes, (3) quality control of labels performed by trained analysis engineers at Advanced MR Analytics (Linköping, Sweden), and (4) quantification of fat and muscle volumes based on the calibrated images by integrating over the quality controlled labels. This process was described in detail in [11 (link)]. The included fat and muscle compartments were visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), posterior thigh muscles, anterior thigh muscles, lower leg muscles, and abdominal muscles, detailed definitions of the anatomical regions used for compartmental fat and muscle segmentations and quality control are listed in Table 1 . Finally, the individual muscles latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and rhomboideus were included.
Muscle fat infiltration was measured for each muscle. The MFI measurements were defined as the average PDFF of the muscle tissue, i.e. muscle tissue with an adipose tissue concentration of less than 50%. As the calibrated fat images are T1-corrected [20 (link)], and represent the adipose tissue concentration of the tissue, the MFI was calculated by scaling the adipose tissue concentration with the PDFF of adipose tissue. In this study a constant PDFF of 93.7% was assumed for adipose tissue to convert adipose tissue concentration to PDFF.
Based on water-fat images acquired with a 5° flip angle, the liver-fat was measured as the average PDFF of three 22x22x28 mm3 regions of interest (ROI) manually placed in right liver lobe, avoiding major vessels and bile ducts. The liver test and re-test scans were pooled and analysed in randomized order.
Muscle fat infiltration was measured for each muscle. The MFI measurements were defined as the average PDFF of the muscle tissue, i.e. muscle tissue with an adipose tissue concentration of less than 50%. As the calibrated fat images are T1-corrected [20 (link)], and represent the adipose tissue concentration of the tissue, the MFI was calculated by scaling the adipose tissue concentration with the PDFF of adipose tissue. In this study a constant PDFF of 93.7% was assumed for adipose tissue to convert adipose tissue concentration to PDFF.
Based on water-fat images acquired with a 5° flip angle, the liver-fat was measured as the average PDFF of three 22x22x28 mm3 regions of interest (ROI) manually placed in right liver lobe, avoiding major vessels and bile ducts. The liver test and re-test scans were pooled and analysed in randomized order.
Abdominal Fat
Abdominal Muscles
Blood Vessel
Body Regions
Duct, Bile
Latissimus Dorsi
Leg
Liver
Liver Function Tests
Muscle, Back
Muscle Tissue
Pectoralis Major Muscle
Radionuclide Imaging
Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal
Thigh
Visceral Fat
Cortex, Cerebral
D-600
Electricity
Evoked Potentials, Motor
Head
Healthy Volunteers
Hypersensitivity
Muscle, Back
Muscle Tissue
Obstetric Delivery
Pulse Rate
RING Finger Domain
Skin
Surface Electromyography
Tendons
The first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, the agonist muscle in abduction of the index finger, was the target muscle. Surface EMGs in a belly-tendon montage were recorded from the right FDI using disposable bipolar silver/silver chloride surface electrodes (10 mm in diameter). In addition, we recorded EMG activity of the tibialis anterior (TA, agonist) and soleus (SOL, antagonist) muscles to measure the transition from isometric dorsiflexion to relaxation in the ankle. The raw signal was amplified and filtered (band pass 5–2000 Hz) with a bioelectric amplifier (Neuropack MEB-2200; Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan). These EMG signals and the previously mentioned force data were digitized at 4000 Hz and stored on a laboratory computer using Power Lab system and Lab Chart 7 software (ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia). Additionally, the force data were filtered with a 1 kHz low pass filter.
Single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS was delivered using two Magstim 200 (Magstim, Whitland, UK) stimulators connected by a Bistim (Magstim) module and attached to a figure eight-shaped coil with an internal wing diameter of 9 cm. For single-pulse TMS, only one stimulator was triggered. The coil was placed with the handle pointing backward, laterally at 45° from the midline and approximately perpendicular to the left central sulcus, to evoke anteriorly directed current in the left hemisphere. It was optimally positioned to produce MEPs in the right FDI. Surface markings drawn on a swim cap placed on the scalp served as a reference for coil positioning. The paired-pulse TMS protocol has been shown to test SICI, elicited by a subthreshold conditioning stimulus followed by a suprathreshold test stimulus, at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 1–6 ms (Kujirai et al., 1993 (link)). Maximum SICI is induced at ISI of 1 and 2.5 ms, suggesting that multiple mechanisms evoke SICI (Fisher et al., 2002 (link); Roshan et al., 2003 (link)). We selected an ISI of 2.5 ms for targeting later indirect waves. The active motor threshold (aMT) was defined as the lowest stimulus intensity producing MEPs >200 μV in at least 5 of 10 successive trials during isometric contraction of the tested muscle at 10% of MVC (Rossini et al., 1994 (link)). The intensity of the test stimulus was set to 140% aMT, and then adjusted to evoke an MEP of >1 mV on average during isometric contraction of the FDI muscle at 10% of MVC. The mean aMT was 30.6% (SD 3.6) of the maximum stimulator output, and the mean test stimulus intensity was 144.5% (SD 7.6) aMT. The intensity of the conditioning stimulus was set to 70% aMT, which was reported to be able to elicit relatively pure SICI in active muscle (Ortu et al., 2008 (link)). Because SICI is reduced with increasing contraction level (Ridding et al., 1995 (link); Ortu et al., 2008 (link)), we changed the contraction level from 20 to 10% of MVC (Suzuki et al., 2015 (link)).
Single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS was delivered using two Magstim 200 (Magstim, Whitland, UK) stimulators connected by a Bistim (Magstim) module and attached to a figure eight-shaped coil with an internal wing diameter of 9 cm. For single-pulse TMS, only one stimulator was triggered. The coil was placed with the handle pointing backward, laterally at 45° from the midline and approximately perpendicular to the left central sulcus, to evoke anteriorly directed current in the left hemisphere. It was optimally positioned to produce MEPs in the right FDI. Surface markings drawn on a swim cap placed on the scalp served as a reference for coil positioning. The paired-pulse TMS protocol has been shown to test SICI, elicited by a subthreshold conditioning stimulus followed by a suprathreshold test stimulus, at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 1–6 ms (Kujirai et al., 1993 (link)). Maximum SICI is induced at ISI of 1 and 2.5 ms, suggesting that multiple mechanisms evoke SICI (Fisher et al., 2002 (link); Roshan et al., 2003 (link)). We selected an ISI of 2.5 ms for targeting later indirect waves. The active motor threshold (aMT) was defined as the lowest stimulus intensity producing MEPs >200 μV in at least 5 of 10 successive trials during isometric contraction of the tested muscle at 10% of MVC (Rossini et al., 1994 (link)). The intensity of the test stimulus was set to 140% aMT, and then adjusted to evoke an MEP of >1 mV on average during isometric contraction of the FDI muscle at 10% of MVC. The mean aMT was 30.6% (SD 3.6) of the maximum stimulator output, and the mean test stimulus intensity was 144.5% (SD 7.6) aMT. The intensity of the conditioning stimulus was set to 70% aMT, which was reported to be able to elicit relatively pure SICI in active muscle (Ortu et al., 2008 (link)). Because SICI is reduced with increasing contraction level (Ridding et al., 1995 (link); Ortu et al., 2008 (link)), we changed the contraction level from 20 to 10% of MVC (Suzuki et al., 2015 (link)).
Fingers
Isometric Contraction
Joints, Ankle
Muscle, Back
Muscle Tissue
Pulse Rate
Scalp
silver chloride
Soleus Muscle
Surface Electromyography
Tendons
Tibial Muscle, Anterior
Hematoxylin and eosin, and ATPase isozyme (pH 4.6 or 9.4) staining of posterior compartment muscles of the leg was performed according to standard clinical laboratory protocols. ATPase (pH 9.4) staining confirmed the presence of angulated fibers and the absence of fiber type grouping (not shown).
Routine semi-thin section and electron microscopic analyses of nerve was performed as described (Quattrini et al. 1996 ). In most cases, nerves from three to five animals were evaluated at each time point for each line of Tg80. When only founders were available, both sciatic as well as femoral nerves were evaluated. To account for variable genetic background in rescue experiments (performed in FVB/N N(2–5)F1 background), three to five animals of each genotype were evaluated by four investigators blinded to the genotype. Each genotype produced a highly reproducible phenotype.
Quantitation of myelinated fibers in developing motor (quadriceps) versus sensory (saphenous) branches of femoral nerve was performed as described (Frei et al. 1999 ).
The proportion of myelinated fibers in semi-thin section analysis of P28 sciatic nerve (Table ) was estimated by the proportion of axons in a 1:1 relationship with a Schwann cell that also contained myelin, as counted in three independent transverse sections.
Routine semi-thin section and electron microscopic analyses of nerve was performed as described (
Quantitation of myelinated fibers in developing motor (quadriceps) versus sensory (saphenous) branches of femoral nerve was performed as described (
The proportion of myelinated fibers in semi-thin section analysis of P28 sciatic nerve (
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Animals
Axon
Clinical Laboratory Services
Electron Microscopy
Eosin
Fibrosis
Genetic Background
Genotype
Hematoxylin
Isoenzymes
Microtomy
Muscle, Back
Myelin Sheath
Nerves, Femoral
Nervousness
Phenotype
Quadriceps Femoris
Schwann Cells
Sciatic Nerve
Most recents protocols related to «Muscle, Back»
CT scans within 1 month prior to TACE or in the first post-TACE were selected to measure body composition. Pre-TACE scans were preferentially chosen. When these were unavailable, the earliest post-TACE scans were used in the study. The CT images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) were carefully chosen and archived as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. All DICOM data calculated body composition using in-house software developed by MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and freeware Python 3.6.13 (Anaconda, Inc.), to generate the measurement model based on neural network architecture also known as UNet. The valid accuracy of the model was 99.17% and validity of the intersect over union co-efficiency was 89.40%17 (link).
The L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI) is used to identify sarcopenia and is calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area of the muscle by the square of the patient's height (cm2/m2). Sarcopenia was defined as SMI ≤ 36.2 cm2/m2 and ≤ 29.6 cm2/m2 for males and females, respectively11 (link). The areas of the abdominal wall and back muscles were used to calculate the SMD based on the areas of the pixels with attenuation between − 29 and + 150 HU. Myosteatosis was defined as SMD ≤ 44.4 HU or ≤ 39.3 HU in males and females, respectively11 (link). In addition, patients were classified into four groups according to their sarcopenia and myosteatosis status (Group A—neither sarcopenia nor myosteatosis, Group B—sarcopenia without myosteatosis, Group C—myosteatosis without sarcopenia, and Group D—sarcopenia with myosteatosis).
The L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI) is used to identify sarcopenia and is calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area of the muscle by the square of the patient's height (cm2/m2). Sarcopenia was defined as SMI ≤ 36.2 cm2/m2 and ≤ 29.6 cm2/m2 for males and females, respectively11 (link). The areas of the abdominal wall and back muscles were used to calculate the SMD based on the areas of the pixels with attenuation between − 29 and + 150 HU. Myosteatosis was defined as SMD ≤ 44.4 HU or ≤ 39.3 HU in males and females, respectively11 (link). In addition, patients were classified into four groups according to their sarcopenia and myosteatosis status (Group A—neither sarcopenia nor myosteatosis, Group B—sarcopenia without myosteatosis, Group C—myosteatosis without sarcopenia, and Group D—sarcopenia with myosteatosis).
ADAM17 protein, human
Anaconda
Body Composition
Females
Males
Muscle, Back
Muscle Tissue
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Python
Radionuclide Imaging
Sarcopenia
Skeletal Muscles
Vertebrae, Lumbar
Wall, Abdominal
X-Ray Computed Tomography
In instrumental tristimulus colour analysis (CIE L∗a∗b∗), CIE (1986) was performed on the fillets when the fish was 1200 g (30 fillets per diet treatment). The measurements were done on the dorsal muscle posterior to the dorsal fin, under the adipose fin, and in the tail on each fillet, using a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-300 (Minolta, Osaka, Japan). Measurements were made directly on the fillets, and the measuring head was rotated 90o between duplicate measurements per position, and means of six recordings per fish were used for data analysis. Visual color assessment using a Roche SalmoFan (Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was done on of the same fillets at the same positions. The color was evaluated using a scale between 20 and 34 (20 represents a low degree of pigmentation and 34 represents a highly pigmented fillet).
Diet
Fishes
Head
Muscle, Back
Obesity
Tail
Three foot exercises were selected: foot adduction, foot supination, and short foot exercises. All exercises were performed 5 days per week for 8 weeks. The foot adduction and supination exercises (Fig. 2 ) have been found to effectively activate the tibialis posterior muscle (Kulig et al., 2004 (link)). For the foot adduction exercise, the participants sat barefoot in a chair with an elastic band positioned 45 degrees from the floor wrapped around the exercising foot. Participants adducted the foot by sliding it along the floor with the heel and toes maintaining contact with the floor against the elastic band, which was stretched approximately 15 cm from its original length, before gradually returning to the starting position. The exercise was performed for 3 sets of 30 repetitions with a 1-min rest between sets. A more resistive band was provided when the participants could perform the exercise without soreness for 1–3 days. During the foot supination exercise, the participants stood with their third to fifth toes on the edge of a step, and the foot was held in supination for 3 sec. The exercise was performed for 3 sets of 30 repetitions with a 1-min rest between sets. The short foot exercise has been found to effectively strengthen the intrinsic foot muscles (Mulligan and Cook, 2013 (link); Unver et al., 2020 (link)). The participants were instructed to draw the metatarsal heads back towards the heel and hold the position for 5 sec without the toes curling. The short foot exercise was progressed over 3 phases, beginning in a seated position before advancing to double-leg stance and single-leg stance. Participants were progressed through the phases when they could perform the exercise without soreness for 1–3 days. The exercise was performed for 3 sets of 10 repetitions with a 45-sec rest between sets.
ARID1A protein, human
Foot
Head
Heel
Metatarsal Bones
Muscle, Back
Muscle Tissue
Sitting
Supination
Toes
Healthy male Yorkshire swine (80–90 kg) were used following approval from the University of Minnesota's Animal Care and Use Committee. Telazol (≤500 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly, and intravenous access was obtained through an ear vein for volume administration and delivery of Methohexital (≤50 mg/kg) and other medication(s) as needed. The animal was then intubated, and isoflurane was continuously administered to maintain a 1‐to‐1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Once under a full plane of anesthesia, a medial sternotomy was performed to access the heart to allow for a standard cardioplegia protocol using a St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution (NaCl 110.0 mM, NaHCO3 10.0 mM, KCl 16.0 mM, MgCl2 16.0 mM, CaCl2 1.2 mM, pH 7.8). Immediately postheart recovery, a laparotomy was performed to expose the abdominal cavity and abdominal organs. The peritoneal lining, and all the organs within, were carefully dissected away to access the retroperitoneal space. From there, a tissue block including the dorsal muscles, aorta, inferior vena cava (IVC), bilateral kidneys, renal arteries, renal veins, and ureters were extracted to ensure anatomical integrity. Once extracted, the kidney block was carefully prepared for isolated ex vivo perfusion.
Abdomen
Abdominal Cavity
Anesthesia
Animals
Aorta
Bicarbonate, Sodium
Heart
Heart Arrest, Induced
Isoflurane
Kidney
Laparotomy
Magnesium Chloride
Males
Methohexital
Muscle, Back
Obstetric Delivery
Perfusion
Peritoneum
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pigs
Renal Artery
Retroperitoneal Space
Sodium Chloride
Sternotomy
Telazol
Thomas' solution
Tissues
Ureter
Vein, Renal
Veins
Vena Cavas, Inferior
In this study, all patients underwent conventional open surgeries. All operations were performed by the same experienced senior chief physician. The surgery was performed in the prone position. The paraspinal muscles were dissected, and the spinous processes, bilateral articular processes, and roots of the transverse processes were exposed. Titanium polyaxial pedicle screws (Legacy, Medtronic, USA) were inserted into the bilateral pedicles. Two titanium rods were properly bent and placed between the nuts to obtain a suitable sagittal curve, and the nuts were tightened to lock the rods. Next, laminectomy and spinal canal decompression were performed. Finally, bilateral modified facet joint fusion was performed, which was an innovative technique of the authors’ team [14 (link),15 (link)]. Briefly, a high-speed grinding drill was used to grind the articular surface of bilateral facet joints to create the bone graft bed. This bed was implanted with allogeneic cancellous bone granules and autologous cancellous bone.
The drainage tube was removed when the wound drainage volume was less than 100 mL/day. Then, the physician guided the patient to stand and walk under the protection of personalized lumbar support. All patients were recommended to increase their walking exercise 1 month after surgery. The lumbar support was removed 3 months postoperatively, and standard procedures such as lumbar floating, crouching, bending, and jogging were performed under guidance to strengthen the lumbar back muscles.
The drainage tube was removed when the wound drainage volume was less than 100 mL/day. Then, the physician guided the patient to stand and walk under the protection of personalized lumbar support. All patients were recommended to increase their walking exercise 1 month after surgery. The lumbar support was removed 3 months postoperatively, and standard procedures such as lumbar floating, crouching, bending, and jogging were performed under guidance to strengthen the lumbar back muscles.
Ankylosis
Bone Transplantation
Cancellous Bone
Cytoplasmic Granules
Decompression
Drainage
Drill
Facet Joint
Joints
Laminectomy
Lumbar Region
Muscle, Back
Nuts
Operative Surgical Procedures
Paraspinal Muscles
Patients
Pedicle Screws
Physicians
Plant Roots
Pulp Canals
Rod Photoreceptors
Spinal Canal
Spinous Processes
Titanium
Transverse Processes
Wounds
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The Magstim Rapid2 is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device designed for use in research and clinical settings. It generates a rapidly changing magnetic field to induce electrical currents in the brain, allowing for non-invasive stimulation of specific brain regions. The Rapid2 offers adjustable stimulation parameters and can be used to investigate brain function and neural activity.
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Spike2 software is a data acquisition and analysis tool for electrophysiology research. It provides a comprehensive set of features for recording, visualizing, and analyzing neural signals, such as spikes, local field potentials, and analog waveforms. The software supports a wide range of data acquisition hardware, enabling users to capture and process electrophysiological data from various experimental setups.
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The Total Trunk is a piece of lab equipment designed for the assessment and analysis of the human trunk. It features sensors and measuring devices to collect data on various parameters related to trunk movement and function. The core function of the Total Trunk is to provide objective and quantifiable information about the trunk's biomechanics and performance.
More about "Muscle, Back"
The musculoskeletal system is a complex and critical component of the human body, responsible for movement, posture, and structural support.
This system encompasses the skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and vertebral column, working together to enable a wide range of motions and maintain overall integrity.
Researchers studying muscle and back physiology, biomechanics, and related disorders can leverage powerful tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their workflow and enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of their research.
PubCompare.ai is a cutting-edge AI-driven platform that helps researchers locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
By using advanced comparisons, the tool identifies the best methodologies and products, empowering researchers to make informed decisions and improve their muscle and back studies.
This can include leveraging complementary techniques and technologies, such as MS-222 for muscle relaxation, MATLAB for data analysis, Magstim Rapid2 for transcranial magnetic stimulation, Bio Amp for biosignal recording, LabChart 8 Pro Software for data visualization, Brainsight for neuronavigation, Spike2 software for neural data analysis, LabChart 7 for physiological data management, and BiStim2 for paired-pulse stimulation.
By incorporating these insights and tools, researchers can advance our understanding of the musculoskeletal system, including the complex interactions between the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and the vertebral column.
This knowledge can lead to improved treatments for muscle and back-related disorders, enhanced athletic performance, and a better understanding of human movement and posture.
PubCompare.ai is a poweful tool that can help drive these important advancements in the field of muscle and back research.
This system encompasses the skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and vertebral column, working together to enable a wide range of motions and maintain overall integrity.
Researchers studying muscle and back physiology, biomechanics, and related disorders can leverage powerful tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their workflow and enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of their research.
PubCompare.ai is a cutting-edge AI-driven platform that helps researchers locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
By using advanced comparisons, the tool identifies the best methodologies and products, empowering researchers to make informed decisions and improve their muscle and back studies.
This can include leveraging complementary techniques and technologies, such as MS-222 for muscle relaxation, MATLAB for data analysis, Magstim Rapid2 for transcranial magnetic stimulation, Bio Amp for biosignal recording, LabChart 8 Pro Software for data visualization, Brainsight for neuronavigation, Spike2 software for neural data analysis, LabChart 7 for physiological data management, and BiStim2 for paired-pulse stimulation.
By incorporating these insights and tools, researchers can advance our understanding of the musculoskeletal system, including the complex interactions between the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and the vertebral column.
This knowledge can lead to improved treatments for muscle and back-related disorders, enhanced athletic performance, and a better understanding of human movement and posture.
PubCompare.ai is a poweful tool that can help drive these important advancements in the field of muscle and back research.