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> Anatomy > Body Part > Myometrium

Myometrium

The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus, responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth and menstrual cycles.
This vital tissue plays a crucial role in female reproductive health and function.
Researchers studying the myometrium aim to unravel its complex biology, identify novel treatment targets, and optimize clinical interventions.
PubCompare.ai offers a powerful AI-driven tool to enhance myometrium research by comparing protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This innovative platform helps researchers identify the most effective and reproducible methods, optimizing their studies and unlocking new insights into myometrial physiology and pathology.
Leveraging PubCompare.ai can lead to breakthroughs in our understanding of the myometrium and ultimately, improved healthcare outcomes for women worlwide.

Most cited protocols related to «Myometrium»

The Iso-Seq method for sequencing full-length transcripts was developed by PacBio during the same time period as the genome assembly. We therefore used this technique to improve characterization of transcript isoforms expressed in cattle tissues using a diverse set of tissues collected from L1 Dominette 0 1449 upon euthanasia. The data were collected using an early version of the Iso-Seq library protocol [26 ] as suggested by PacBio. Briefly, RNA was extracted from each tissue using Trizol reagent as directed (Thermo Fisher). Then 2 μg of RNA were selected for PolyA tails and converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit (Clontech). The cDNA was amplified in bulk with 12–14 rounds of PCR in 8 separate reactions, then pooled and size-selected into 1–2, 2–3, and 3–6 kb fractions using the BluePippin instrument (Sage Science). Each size fraction was separately re-amplified in 8 additional reactions of 11 PCR cycles. The products for each size fraction amplification were pooled and purified using AMPure PB beads (Pacific Biosciences) as directed, and converted to SMRTbell libraries using the Template Prep Kit v1.0 (PacBio) as directed. Iso-Seq was conducted for 22 tissues including abomasum, aorta, atrium, cerebral cortex, duodenum, hypothalamus, jejunum, liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, lung, lymph node, mammary gland, medulla oblongata, omasum, reticulum, rumen, subcutaneous fat, temporal cortex, thalamus, uterine myometrium, and ventricle from the reference cow, as well as the testis of her sire. The size fractions were sequenced in either 4 (for the smaller 2 fractions) or 5 (for the largest fraction) SMRTcells on the RS II instrument. Isoforms were identified using the Cupcake ToFU pipeline [27 ] without using a reference genome.
Short-read–based RNA-seq data derived from tissues of Dominette were available in the GenBank database because her tissues have been a freely distributed resource for the research community. To complement and extend these data and to ensure that the tissues used for Iso-Seq were also represented by RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis and confirmation of isoforms observed in Iso-Seq, we generated additional data, avoiding overlap with existing public data. Specifically, the TruSeq stranded mRNA LT kit (Illumina, Inc.) was used as directed to create RNA-seq libraries, which were sequenced to ≥30 million reads for each tissue sample. The Dominette tissues that were sequenced in this study include abomasum, anterior pituitary, aorta, atrium, bone marrow, cerebellum, duodenum, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, KPH fat (internal organ fat taken from the covering on the kidney capsule), lung, lymph node, mammary gland (lactating), medulla oblongata, nasal mucosa, omasum, reticulum, rumen, subcutaneous fat, temporal cortex, thalamus, uterine myometrium, and ventricle. RNA-seq libraries were also sequenced from the testis of her sire. All public datasets, and the newly sequenced RNA-seq and Iso-Seq datasets, were used to annotate the assembly, to improve the representation of low-abundance and tissue-specific transcripts, and to properly annotate potential tissue-specific isoforms of each gene.
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Publication 2020
Abomasum Anabolism Aorta Bone Marrow Capsule Cattle cDNA Library Cerebellum Cerebral Ventricles Cortex, Cerebral Dietary Fiber DNA, Complementary Duodenum Euthanasia Genes Genome Heart Atrium Hypothalamus Jejunum Kidney Liver Lobe, Frontal Lung Mammary Gland Medulla Oblongata Muscle Tissue Myometrium Nasal Mucosa Nodes, Lymph Omasum Pituitary Hormones, Anterior Poly(A) Tail Protein Isoforms Reticulum RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq Rumen Subcutaneous Fat Temporal Lobe Testis Thalamus Tissues Tissue Specificity Tofu trizol Uterus
The uterine junctional zone was defined as the inner third of the myometrium [24 (link)]. All samples containing endometrium and junctional zone were collected from the mid-fundal and isthmic areas of the uterine anterior wall. The uterus was opened along the sagittal plane after surgery. Multiple 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 samples were collected and fixed in buffered formaldehyde and processed routinely for paraffin embedding. Serial 4 μm sections were prepared from each paraffin-embedded tissue block and handled for immunohistochemical staining. All uterine samples were examined by optical microscope to confirm presence of endometriosis, absence of adenomyosis and respective phases of the menstrual cycle. Under low light microscopy magnification, the uterine junctional zone was located just 3 mm below the endometrium [20 (link)].
After routine de-paraffinization and rehydration procedures, the slides were heated in a microwave oven (700 W) in citrate buffer saline (9.0) for twelve min and cooled at room temperature for antigen retrieval. Every sections were incubated with a drop of 3% H2O2 deionized water (PV-6000, Wuxi, China) for 20 min at 37 °C temperature. After 2 washes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the slides were hatched with polyclonal rabbit anti-OTR (1:100 dilution, bs-1314R, Bioss, Beijing, China) overnight at 4 °C refrigerator. After 3 washes with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the sections were incubated with biotinylated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (1:400) for 30 min at room temperature. The bound antibody complexes were stained for 3 mins with diaminobenzidine. The slides were then washed, counterstained with hematoxylin, dried and mounted. Negative control sections were processed by omitting the primary antibody. Myometrium of pregnant uterus were used as positive controls. Immunoreactivity staining was characterized quantitatively by digital image analysis on the Image Pro-Plus 6.0 (Nikon, Japan). Images were obtained with a microscope fitted with a digital camera. A series of 4 random images on several sections were taken for each immunostained parameter to obtain a mean value. Staining was defined by color intensity, and a color mask was made. The mask was then applied equally to all images, and measurements were obtained. Immunohistochemical parameters were assessed in the area detected by total optical density and mean optical density, which is equivalent to the intensity of staining in the positive cells.
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Publication 2017
Adenomyosis Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Cells Citrates Endometriosis Endometrium Formaldehyde Hematoxylin Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulins Light Microscopy Menstrual Cycle Microscopy Microwaves Myometrium Operative Surgical Procedures Paraffin Embedding Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphates Rabbits Rehydration Saline Solution Technique, Dilution Tissues Uterus Vision
Ten chronically catheterized pregnant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) at 118–125 days gestation (term = 172 days) received one of two experimental treatments: 1) choriodecidual and intra-amniotic saline infusions (n = 5), or 2) GBS choriodecidual inoculation (n = 5). Saline infusions were performed separately in the choriodecidual and amniotic fluid to confirm that saline would not stimulate cytokine production in either compartment. In two saline controls, fetal samples were not collected due to either an inability to place the fetal catheter during initial surgery or clotting of the fetal catheter. This resulted in three fetal cytokine analyses in the saline group. In one GBS case, technical problems led to only intermittent data collection and so the remaining uterine activity data was excluded for this animal.
In our model, pregnant pigtail macaques were time-mated and fetal age determined using early ultrasound. The tethered chronic catheter preparation was used for all in vivo experiments and is a major breakthrough in studying maternal-fetal immunologic responses [53] (link), [54] (link). The animal was first conditioned to a nylon jacket/tether system for several weeks before surgery, which allowed free movement within the cage, but protected the catheters. On day 118–125 of pregnancy (term = 172 days) catheters were implanted into the maternal femoral artery and vein, fetal internal jugular vein, amniotic cavity, and choriodecidual interface in the lower uterine segment (between uterine muscle and fetal membranes, external to amniotic fluid). Fetal ECG electrodes and a maternal temperature probe were also implanted. After surgery, the catheters/electrodes were tracked through the tether system and cefazolin and terbutaline sulfate were administered to reduce postoperative infection risk and uterine activity. Both cefazolin and terbutaline were stopped at least 72 hours before experimental start (∼5 half-lives for terbutaline, 40 half-lives for cefazolin, >97% of both drugs eliminated). Cefazolin 1 gram was administered intravenously each day in saline controls to minimize chances of a catheter-related infection. Experiments began approximately two weeks after catheterization surgery to allow recovery (∼30–31 weeks human gestation). At our center, term gestation in the non-instrumented pigtail macaque population averages 172 days.
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Publication 2011
Amnion Amniotic Fluid Animals Care, Prenatal Catheterization Catheters Cefazolin Cytokine Dental Caries Femoral Artery Fetal Membranes Gestational Age Homo sapiens Infection Jugular Vein Macaca nemestrina Monkeys Mothers Movement Myometrium Nylons Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Related Infection, Catheter Saline Solution Terbutaline Terbutaline Sulfate Therapies, Investigational Ultrasonography Uterus Vaccination Veins
The leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) cell line (SK-UT1, ATCC® HTB-114TM) (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured and maintained in ATCC-formulated Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. In addition, the uterine sarcoma cell line (MES-SA) (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) was cultured and maintained in McCoy’s 5A medium. The immortalized human leiomyoma cell line (HuLM) and immortalized human uterine smooth muscle (UTSM) cells were a generous gift from Professor Darlene Dixon. The HuLM and UTSM cell lines were cultured and maintained in phenol red-free, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12. We used these cell lines covering the spectrum from normal cell line (UTSM), benign uterine tumor cell line (HuLM), and uterine malignant cell lines (uLMS) to better understand the tumor progression linking to the BRD9 dysregulation in uLMS. BRD9 inhibitor (iBRD9) TP-472 was purchased from Tocris (Cat# 6000, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
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Publication 2022
Benign Neoplasm Cell Lines Disease Progression Eagle Fetal Bovine Serum Fibroid Tumor Homo sapiens Leiomyosarcoma Myocytes, Smooth Muscle Myometrium Neoplasms Nutrients Phenol Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Sarcoma Smooth Muscles Uterus
Paraffin blocks of 99 Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), 4 Myometrium, 3 Leiomyoma and 6 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas (UPS) from 1991 to 2012 from 9 hospitals were obtained with IRB approval and a waiver of consent due to the archival nature of the specimens. Multiple 2mm-diameter cores were re-embedded into paraffin blocks longitudinally and sectioned again to ensure the purity of tumor cells. After RNA isolation, 3SEQ libraries for next generation sequencing-based expression profiling were sequenced and analysis was performed as described previously (14 (link)–20 (link)). All gene expression profiling data used for this study have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are publicly accessible through GSE45510, GSE53844 and GSE54511.
After filtering data to genes with a standard deviation greater than 100, transforming the data by log2 and gene-based centering, the Consensus Clustering (R package ConsensusClusteringPlus) (21 (link)) was used to determine the number of subtypes and to assign the subtype for each LMS case. This was ran over 1000 iterations with setting “Distance – (1-Pearson correlation), a 80% sample resampling, 80% gene resampling, a maximum evaluated k of 12, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm”. Silhouette width (R package cluster) (22 ) was then calculated based on the assignment from ConsensusClusteringPlus to measure the accuracy of assignments from ConsensusClusteringPlus. Separately, RNASeq data of 82 LMS cases were downloaded from the TCGA database. To compare with 3SEQ data, the TCGA data were normalized into TPM and analyzed with ConsensusClusteringPlus and Silhouette analysis as performed for 3SEQ data. Subclass mapping (23 (link)) was performed to determine the common LMS subtypes identified in 3SEQ and TCGA RNASeq datasets.
In order to get subtype specific genes, SAMSeq (24 (link)) was performed on both datasets between each subtype and all other subtypes with a FDR of 0.05. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to compute the survival curves, and Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to determine the statistical significance of survival between groups by using GraphPad Prism5 software. Significance of contingency analysis between one subtype and the other subtypes was measured by two tail Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test with GraphPad Prism5 software. Univariate and multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazard method was performed using the survival package in R. Analysis of gene ontology (GO) was done using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources version 6.7 (25 (link), 26 (link)). CSF1-signature (27 (link)) positive, and CINSARC-signature (28 (link)) positive cases were identified as those cases that coordinately highly expressed these signature genes with >0.3 correlation with the centroid as performed previously (19 (link), 27 (link), 29 (link), 30 (link)). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on square root transformed TPM with R package pcaMethods, ellipse contour of principal components (PC) was computed and drawn with R package car.
Publication 2015
CSF1 protein, human Fibroid Tumor Gene Expression Genes isolation Leiomyosarcoma Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Myometrium Neoplasms Paraffin Paraffin Embedding Plant Roots Tail

Most recents protocols related to «Myometrium»

The method for the measurement of uterine contraction has been previously described (15 (link)). Briefly, the uterine muscle strips are fixed to the constant temperature bath and multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system while continuously ventilated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37.0 ± 0.5°C. Our previous study has confirmed that uterus strip contractility performance is most appropriate at a 2-g stretch (15 (link)). After the appearance of a stable and regular contraction curve, the strips were stimulated with 96 mM KCl and different concentrations of oxytocin (from 10-11 to 10-6 mM), and the contraction response was recorded. Finally, the uterine muscle strips were weighed at the end of the experiment for calibration.
Quantitative analysis of the contractility of the uterine muscle strips was performed by a multichannel physiological signal acquisition system (RM6240E, Chengdu, China) by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the contraction curve presented as AUC/g tissue weight. The AUC was measured at time 0 and was subtracted from the AUC measured after 5 min of application of KCl or each oxytocin concentration.
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Publication 2023
Bath Muscle Contraction Myometrium Oxytocin physiology Tissues Uterine Contraction Uterus
Isolation of primary human gestational uterine smooth muscle cells was achieved by the enzymatic dispersion method. Myometrium was obtained from women after elective cesarean delivery in late pregnancy. The endometrium and epithelium were slightly scraped off the surface of the myometrium with a sterile blade, and the myometrium was then cut up with tissue scissors. The cut uterine tissue was digested using 15 ml of digestion solution, followed by shaking for 1 h at 37°C on a shaker. Then, the digested solution was filtered through a 100-μm filter to remove the tissue fragments, and the filtrate was transferred to a sterile centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 1000 rpm/min for 5 min before discarding the upper layer. The cell precipitate was resuspended in normal glucose medium, and the cell suspension was placed in a 25 cm2 cell culture flask (Corning) and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator until fusion.
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Publication 2023
Cell Culture Techniques Cells Cesarean Section Digestion Endometrium Enzymes Epithelium Glucose Homo sapiens isolation Myocytes, Smooth Muscle Myometrium Pregnancy Sterility, Reproductive Tissues Uterus Woman
Total protein was extracted with RIPA lysis buffer containing benzoyl fluoride and phosphatase inhibitors (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) from uterine muscle strips. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 4°C and 12,000 rpm/min for 10 min. The BCA protein assay was used to determine the total protein concentration. The supernatant and loading buffer were mixed (1:4) and heated at 100°C for 10 min. Protein homogenates were electrophoresed on 10% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) polyacrylamide gels and then electrophoretically transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Membranes were incubated in PBS-Tween buffer containing 5% skim milk for 2 h to block non-specific sites and then incubated overnight at 4°C in primary antibody solution containing the monoclonal mouse antibody to GAPDH (1:5000, Abcam, England) or the monoclonal rabbit antibody to TREK1 (1:200, Sigma-Aldrich, American) or HIF-1α (1:500, Abcam, England). The PVDF membranes were then washed 3 times in PBS-Tween for 15 min each and then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:10,000, Abcam, England) or goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (1:10,000, Abcam, England) for 2 h. The membrane blots were washed with PBS-Tween and visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL, Biosharp, China). A band of 37 kDa for GAPDH, 110 kDa for HIF-1α, and 47 kDa for TREK1 was detected according to the corresponding protocols of the antibody products and were confirmed by the Marker. GAPDH was used as the internal control. Reaction bands corresponding to GAPDH, TREK1, and HIF-1α were analyzed with Image J.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Biological Assay Buffers Cardiac Arrest Centrifugation Chemiluminescence Fluorides GAPDH protein, human Goat Horseradish Peroxidase Immunoglobulins inhibitors Mice, House Milk, Cow's Monoclonal Antibodies Myometrium Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases polyacrylamide gels polyvinylidene fluoride Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Tissue, Membrane Tweens
The diagnosis of CSP was based on the following transvaginal ultrasound scan findings: (1) an empty uterine cavity; (2) a clearly visible empty endocervical canal without direct contact with the gestational sac; (3) the presence of a gestation sac, with or without a fetal pole, with or without fetal cardiac activity (depending on the gestational age), in the anterior part of the uterine isthmus on the prior cesarean section scar; and (4) the absence of or a defect in the myometrial tissue between the bladder and the gestational sac (15 (link), 16 (link)). All transvaginal ultrasound reports were written and reviewed by the same group of doctors experienced in diagnostic medical sonography, and the diagnosis of CSP was stratified into three types, as mentioned above (13 (link)).
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Publication 2023
Care, Prenatal Cesarean Section Cicatrix Dental Caries Diagnosis Endocervix Fetal Heart Gestational Age Gestational Sac Myometrium Physicians Tissues Ultrasonography Urinary Bladder Uterus
All CSP cases were treated by ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration followed by supplementary curettage. Adjuvant treatment modalities included systemic administration of MTX at a dose of 50 mg/m2 by intramuscular injection (17 (link)), UAE, and hysteroscopy before ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration. Choices of adjuvant treatment were made according to the advice of the attending physician in discussion with the patients. Informed consent for treatments was acquired from each patient. Patients with type II or type III CSP frequently received systemic MTX before the operation; UAE was recommended for cases with abundant blood flow surrounding the gestation sac, identified by Doppler ultrasound, or when the gestational age was more than 8 weeks. When the remaining uterine myometrium was considered weak or a niche was suspected to be formed, hysteroscopy was used for detailed examination. MTX and UAE were administered within 24–72 h before the operation.
Experienced gynecological surgeons performed ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration, while the same group of doctors experienced in diagnostic medical sonography performed the scan. Ultrasound was performed throughout the entire operation. First, the gestation sac was located by ultrasound, followed by careful vacuum aspiration. The size of the metal suction tube was determined based on the gestational week. The implanted site of the gestational sac was gently curetted to ensure complete removal of the gestational tissue.
Blood loss was estimated by suction and weighing of swabs. The amount of bleeding during the operation was considered an important indicator of the outcome to measure the effectiveness of each method. The estimated blood loss was compared according to the gestational age at diagnosis and the type of CSP. Intraoperative bleeding greater than 20 ml was considered significant; regular ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration followed by supplementary curettage only caused 2–5 ml of intraoperative bleeding in our hospital. When there was active bleeding immediately after ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration operation or the intraoperative blood loss was greater than approximately 50 ml, uterine tamponade strategies such as intrauterine balloon were employed. For this purpose, a Foley catheter was inserted into the uterine cavity under ultrasound guidance at the end of the operation and the balloon was inflated to 5–50 ml in volume until active bleeding ceased.
All patients received routine follow-up care at the clinic approximately 1 month after the operation.
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Publication 2023
Blood Circulation Catheters Curettage Debility Dental Caries Diagnosis Follow-Up Care Gestational Age Gestational Sac Hysteroscopy Intramuscular Injection Metals Myometrium Patients Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Physicians Pregnancy Radionuclide Imaging Selection for Treatment Suction Drainage Surgeons Surgical Blood Losses Tissues Ultrasonography Ultrasounds, Doppler Uterine Balloon Tamponade Uterus Vacuum Curettage

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More about "Myometrium"

The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus, responsible for crucial reproductive functions like uterine contractions during childbirth and menstrual cycles.
This vital uterine tissue plays a pivotal role in female reproductive health and functioning.
Researchers studying the myometrium aim to unravel its complex biology, identify novel treatment targets, and optimize clinical interventions.
PubCompare.ai offers a powerful AI-driven tool to enhance myometrium research by comparing protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This innovative platform helps researchers identify the most effective and reproducible methods, optimizing their studies and unlocking new insights into myometrial physiology and pathology.
Leveraging PubCompare.ai can lead to breakthroughs in our understanding of the myometrium and ultimately, improved healthcare outcomes for women worldwide.
Researchers studying the myometrium often utilize techniques like RNA extraction using the RNeasy Mini Kit or TRIzol reagent, cell culture in DMEM/F12 or DMEM media, and analysis with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer.
Preserving tissue samples in RNAlater is also common.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is frequently used as a protein supplement.
PubCompare.ai can help identify the most effective and reporducible protocols for these and other myometrium research methods, enhancing the accuracy and impact of your studies.