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Ora Serrata

Ora Serrata is the anatomical junction between the retiana and the ciliary body of the eye.
It is an important structure involved in the visual process, as it marks the transition between the sensory and motor functions of the eye.
The ora serrata plays a critical role in the focusing and adjustment of the lens, which is essential for clear vision.
This region is a key area of interest for researchers studying eye physiology and ophthalmological conditions affecting the retina and lens.
Accurate understanding and investigation of the ora serrata is crucial for advancing our knowledge of visual mechanics and developing effective treatment approahces for related disorders.

Most cited protocols related to «Ora Serrata»

Opsin-YFP Protein Localization in Retina

At 6-8 weeks postinjection, the eyes were harvested and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 hour at room temperature. Whole mounts were prepared by making a circular incision around the ora serrata, removing the cornea and gently manipulating the eye cup to remove the neural retina. For retinal cross-sections, whole mounts were embedded in agarose and sectioned transversely using a vibratome (Leica Microsystems) at medium speed, maximum vibration, and 100 μm thickness. Whole mounts and sections were mounted on slides using VECTASHIELD antifade mounting medium (Vector Laboratories) containing DAPI to stain cell nuclei and examined under confocal microscopy to confirm expression of the opsin-YFP fusion proteins. For staining of rhodopsin, mounted sections were permeabilised with 0.2% Triton-X-100 PBS for 20 minutes at room temperature then blocked with 10% donkey serum (D9663, Sigma UK) in 0.2% Triton-X-100 PBS for one hour at room temperature. Primary antibody solution was then applied for 3 hours at room temperature (1 : 200 rabbit anti-human rhodopsin, Abcam ab112576 in blocking buffer). Sections were rinsed with 0.05% Tween20 PBS four times for 10 minutes each then incubated with secondary antibody solution for 2 hours at room temperature (1 : 200 AlexaFluor donkey anti-rabbit 488 in 2.5% donkey serum, 0.2% Triton-X-100 PBS). Slides were rinsed four times in 0.05% Tween20 PBS then once with water before being DAPI mounted as described above.

McClements M.E., Staurenghi F., Visel M., Flannery J.G., MacLaren R.E, & Cehajic-Kapetanovic J. (2021). AAV Induced Expression of Human Rod and Cone Opsin in Bipolar Cells of a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration. BioMed research international, 2021, 1-8.

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Publication 2021

Buffers Cardiac Arrest Cell Nucleus Cloning Vectors Cornea DAPI Equus asinus Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins Microscopy, Confocal Nervousness Ora Serrata paraform Proteins Rabbits Retina Rhodopsin Rod Opsins Sepharose Serum Stains Triton X-100 Tween 20 Vibration

Retinal Preparation and Optic Nerve Fixation

All animal procedures were approved by our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. 1-yr-old DBA/2J mice were used for most experiments. For strain-matched controls, we used 2-mo-old DBA/2J mice (an age before the onset of the disease). C57BL/6J mice aged 2 mo and 1 yr were used as additional controls. The mice were bred and aged at the Jackson Laboratory with diet and housing conditions as previously described (John et al., 1998 (link)). The light-adapted mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and killed by an i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 20 mg/kg xylazine in accordance with the Subcommittee on Research Animal Care of the Massachusetts General Hospital guidelines. Before removal of the eye, the superior pole was marked with a low-temperature electrical cautery (Aaron Medical Industries). The eyeball was exposed, and the optic nerve was cut intraorbitally with sharp scissors. The eyes were removed and hemisected along the ora serrata. The upper pole was marked with a long incision. The retinas were separated from the pigment epithelium and mounted ganglion cell side up on Isopore 3-μm (Millipore) filters using smaller cuts in the periphery to flatten the retina. All of these manipulations were done in oxygenated mammalian Ringer's solution. In parallel, the animal's brain was exposed, and a scalpel blade was used to cut away the brain parallel to the skull base, leaving the optic chiasm and 1–2 mm of overlying tissue in place. The head was immersed in fixative (0.8% formaldehyde and 1.22% glutaraldehyde) for 24 h and washed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer and stored in cold phosphate buffer for later analysis of the optic nerves.

Jakobs T.C., Libby R.T., Ben Y., John S.W, & Masland R.H. (2005). Retinal ganglion cell degeneration is topological but not cell type specific in DBA/2J mice. The Journal of Cell Biology, 171(2), 313-325.

Publication 2005

Animals Base of Skull Brain Buffers Cauterization Cells Cold Temperature Diet Electricity Epithelium Eye Eye Enucleation Fixatives Formaldehyde Ganglia Glutaral Head Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Ketamine Mammals Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Inbred DBA Optic Chiasms Optic Nerve Ora Serrata Phosphates Pigmentation Retina Ringer's Solution Strains Tissues Xylazine

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Murine Retinal Development

Mice were euthanized with intraperitoneal injection of Nembutal, and eye cups were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Tissue was cryoprotected in sucrose, frozen, and sectioned at 20μm in a cryostat. Slides were incubated successively with blocking solution, primary antibodies (12h-16h at 4′C) and AlexaFluor-confugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen; 3h at room temperature). Primary antibodies were: anti-GFP (Aves and Chemicon); anti-Calbindin (Swant); anti-choline acetyltransferase (Chemicon); anti-protein kinase Cα (AbCam); anti-neurokinin receptor 3 (Calbiochem); anti-synaptotagminII (Zebrafish International Resource Center); anti-Disabled-1 (gift from T.Curran); anti-Gγ13 (Santa Cruz); anti-Bassoon (Stressgen); anti-synaptophysin (Zymed); anti-Chx10 (Exalpha Biologicals); anti-Sox9 (Chemicon); anti-glutamine synthetase (BD Biosciences); anti-cleaved Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-Brn-3a (Chemicon); anti-VGlut3 (Chemicon); anti-syntaxin (Sigma); anti-Thy1.2 (BD Pharmingen); anti-GlyT1 (Santa Cruz); and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Chemicon). Peanut agglutinin was from Invitrogen. Nuclei were labeled with DAPI, Po-pro1, or NeuroTrace Nissl 435/455 (Invitrogen).
For measurements of retinal layer thickness and cell number, areas were chosen at equivalent retinal eccentricities from the optic nerve head or ora serrata. Layer thickness was measured on single optical sections, adjacent to the optic nerve head. Two to four areas were measured from each retina and two sets of perpendicular measurements were made per area. Both Chx10-Cre; Pcdh-γ^fcon3/+ and Pcdh-γ^fcon3/+ littermates were used as controls for Chx10-Cre;Pcdh-γ^fcon3/fcon3 mutants, and similarly for Pcdh-γ^fdel. Immunolabeled cells were quantified from 0.13 mm² (calbindin, ChAT, Brn3a, and Paxα-GFP), 0.05 mm² (Chx10), 0.02 mm² (Sox9) or 1280 μm² (photoreceptors) optical sections. Apoptotic cells were counted on sections spanning the optic nerve head to the ora serrata. Cells were classified as apoptotic if cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity partially or completely surrounded a nucleus. Means were compared using ANOVA, Student's t test on condition of equivalent variances determined by F-test, or with Mann-Whitney non-parametric test.
In situ hybridization of retinal sections was performed as described previously (Wang et al., 2002 (link)).
Retinas were dissociated with papain by a modification of the protocol described by Meyer-Franke et al (Meyer-Franke et al., 1995 (link)). Dissociated cells were plated onto poly-D-lysine coated 8-well Permanox chamber slides (Nunc), then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde/4% sucrose for 15 minutes, and immunostained. RGCs were enriched with CD90 magnetic Microbeads (Miltenyi-Biotec).

Lefebvre J.L., Zhang Y., Meister M., Wang X, & Sanes J.R. (2008). GAMMA PROTOCADHERINS REGULATE NEURONAL SURVIVAL BUT ARE DISPENSABLE FOR CIRCUIT FORMATION IN RETINA. Development (Cambridge, England), 135(24), 4141-4151.

Publication 2008

anti-synaptophysin anti-Thy-1 Antibodies Apoptosis Aves Biological Factors Calbindins Caspase 3 Cell Nucleus Cells Choline O-Acetyltransferase DAPI Freezing Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase Injections, Intraperitoneal In Situ Hybridization Lysine Microspheres Mus Nembutal neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Optic Disk Ora Serrata Papain paraform Peanut Agglutinin Photoreceptor Cells Poly A PRKCA protein, human Qa-SNARE Proteins Retina SOX9 protein, human Substance K Receptor Sucrose Thy-1 Antigens Tissues Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase Vision Zebrafish

Intravitreal AAV Injection and Optic Nerve Crush

Mice were anesthetized by xylazine and ketamine based on their body weight (0.01 mg xylazine/g+0.08 mg ketamine/g). For each AAV intravitreal injection, a micropipette was inserted into the peripheral retina of 3 week-old mice just behind the ora serrata, and advanced into the vitreous chamber so as to avoid damage to the lens. Approximately 2 µl of the vitreous was removed before injection of 2 µl AAV into the vitreous chamber. ON crush was performed 2 weeks following AAV injection: the ON was exposed intraorbitally and crushed with a jeweler’s forceps (Dumont #5; Fine Science Tools, Forster City, California) for 5 s approximately 0.5 mm behind the eyeball. Care was taken not to damage the underlying ophthalmic artery. Eye ointment containing neomycin (Akorn, Somerset, New Jersey) was applied to protect the cornea after surgery.

Miao L., Yang L., Huang H., Liang F., Ling C, & Hu Y. (2016). mTORC1 is necessary but mTORC2 and GSK3β are inhibitory for AKT3-induced axon regeneration in the central nervous system. eLife, 5, e14908.

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Publication 2016

Body Weight Cornea Forceps Ketamine Lens, Crystalline Mice, House Neomycin Ointments Operative Surgical Procedures Ophthalmic Artery Ora Serrata Retina Xylazine

Intravitreal AAV Injection and Optic Nerve Crush

For each intravitreal injection, the micropipette was inserted in the peripheral retina just behind the ora serrata; it was deliberately angled to penetrate into the vitreous chamber without damaging the lens. Approximately 2 μl of the vitreous was removed before injection of 2 μl AAV into the vitreous chamber. ON crush was performed as described previously^{6 (link),31 (link)}. In brief, two weeks following AAV injection, the left ON was exposed intraorbitally and crushed with jeweler’s forceps (Dumont #5; FST) for 5 seconds approximately 0.5 mm behind the eyeball. Care was taken not to damage the underlying ophthalmic artery. Eye ointment containing atropine sulphate was applied to protect the cornea after surgery.

Yang L., Miao L., Liang F., Huang H., Teng X., Li S., Nuriddinov J., Selzer M.E, & Hu Y. (2014). The mTORC1 Effectors S6K1 and 4E-BP Play Different Roles in CNS Axon Regeneration. Nature communications, 5, 5416.

Publication 2014

Cornea Forceps Lens, Crystalline Neoplasm Metastasis Ointments Operative Surgical Procedures Ophthalmic Artery Ora Serrata Retina Sulfate, Atropine

Most recents protocols related to «Ora Serrata»

Retinal Vasculature Imaging Methodology

Eyes were enucleated from mice and fixed in 4% PFA in PBS for 1.5 h at room temperature and kept in methanol at −20 °C for further processing. The eyes were rehydrated in PBS for 1 h at room temperature. Connective tissues and extraocular muscles attached to the back of the eyecup were removed by using scissors and forceps under a microscope. A 28-gauge needle was then used to make a small hole in the ora serrata and the cornea and lens were removed by cutting along the ora serrata using scissors. Retinas were carefully detached from the eyecups and blocked with a blocking buffer (50% FBS, 20% goat serum (GS), and 0.1% Triton X-100). The retinas were then incubated with anti-collagen IV (AB756P, Millipore) diluted 1:250 in a blocking buffer (20% FBS, 20% GS, and 0.1% Triton X-100) at 4 °C overnight. The retinas were then rinsed with PBS three times for 10 min each and incubated with appropriate fluorescent-conjugated secondary antibody (1:1000, Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 1 h at room temperature. The hyaloid vessels, which were seen with collagen IV staining, were removed using forceps under fluorescence illumination with a stereomicroscope (SMZ25, Nikon, Japan). The retinas were flattened by four radial cuts and mounted on a glass slide with Fluoromount-G mounting solution (0100-01; SouthernBiotech) and photographed by fluorescent microscopy. Vitreous neovascularization on P17 was quantified by using the ImageJ plugin SWIFT_NV developed by Stahl et al. for ImageJ [93 (link)] and presented as percentages of the total retinal area, which was measured by ImageJ.

Song Y.S., Zaitoun I.S., Wang S., Darjatmoko S.R., Sorenson C.M, & Sheibani N. (2023). Cytochrome P450 1B1 Expression Regulates Intracellular Iron Levels and Oxidative Stress in the Retinal Endothelium. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2420.

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Publication 2023

Blood Vessel Buffers Collagen Type IV Connective Tissue Cornea Eye Fluorescence Fluorescent Antibody Technique Forceps Goat Lens, Crystalline Light Methanol Mice, House Microscopy Needles Oculomotor Muscles Ora Serrata Pathologic Neovascularization Retina Serum Triton X-100 Vision

Retinal Tissue Dissection and Imaging

Mice were killed by CO2 asphyxiation and eyes were enucleated. The globes were transferred into PBS solution without calcium. After cleaning from excess of tissues around the sclera, eyes were incubated 40 min in a solution containing L-cysteine (0,035 mg/ml in PBS) and 10 unit of Papain (Worthington) at 37 degrees Celsius, then transferred in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum for dissection; the cornea was first removed by carefully cutting along the ora serrata, the choroid with sclera was delicately detached by peeling until the optic nerve. Finally, the lens and iris were removed by cutting around. Retinal/RPE tissues were then fixed in PFA 4% for 45 min and then rinsed with PBS and flatmounted and scanned with the Hamamatsu Nanozoomer Digital Pathology (NDP) 2.0 HT (Hamamatsu Photonics, France).

Augustin S., Lam M., Lavalette S., Verschueren A., Blond F., Forster V., Przegralek L., He Z., Lewandowski D., Bemelmans A.P., Picaud S., Sahel J.A., Mathis T., Paques M., Thuret G., Guillonneau X., Delarasse C, & Sennlaub F. (2023). Melanophages give rise to hyperreflective foci in AMD, a disease-progression marker. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 20, 28.

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Publication 2023

Asphyxia Calcium Choroid Cornea Cysteine Dissection Eye Fetal Bovine Serum Iris Lens, Crystalline Mice, House Optic Nerve Ora Serrata Papain Retina Sclera Tissues

Retinal Detachment Repair via 3-Port PPV

A 23- or 25-gauge three-port PPV was performed using the Alcon Constellation system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA). After central and peripheral vitreous removal, 360° vitreous base shaving was performed up to ora serrata with scleral indentation. Vitreous traction at the retinal tears was released. A complete fluid-air exchange was performed, and subretinal fluid (SRF) was aspirated through a flute needle. If the retina was highly elevated with extensive area involved, perfluorodecalin was used to flatten the retina first. Most patients underwent endophotocoagulation to achieve retinopexy. However, if the retina breaks were in the peripheral area, transscleral cryopexy was applied. A gentle pressure was maintained on the sclerotomy with a cotton-tip applicator for at least 2 min until the incision site was definitely closed. The IOP was controlled to around 24 mmHg, slightly higher than the normal level, thus avoiding postoperative hemorrhage. All patients were instructed to maintain a proper head positioning to enable the air to tamponade the retinal breaks for 1 week. They were also asked to have restricted activities for 1 month and visited the operating surgeon’s clinic at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and then bimonthly for at least 12 months. During the follow-up, all patients were interviewed about their own assessments of daily physical activity which were classified as inactive (less than light labor), active (light or moderate labor), or very active (heavy labor) [19 (link)]. Restricted activity was defined as being refrained from active or very active physical activity and avoiding frequent and sudden head movement. Anatomical success was defined as the complete disappearance of SRF and flattening of the entire circumference of the retinal breaks.

Zhou C., Gu C., Li B., Wang Y., Hu Y., She X., Shi Y., Ma M., Sun T., Qiu Q., Fan Y., Chen F., Wang H., Liu K., Sun X., Xu X, & Zheng Z. (2023). The cause of redetachment after vitrectomy with air tamponade for a cohort of 1715 patients with retinal detachment: an analysis of retinal breaks reopening. Eye and Vision, 10, 9.

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Publication 2023

Gossypium Head Head Movements Light Needles Obstetric Labor Ora Serrata Patients perfluorodecalin Postoperative Hemorrhage Pressure Retina Retinal Perforations Sclera Sub-Retinal Fluid Surgeons Traction

Dissection and Immunostaining of Ocular Tissues

Animals were perfused, eyes were harvested, washed, and cut below the ora serrata. The posterior eye cup and the lens were separated and fixed in 4% PFA for one hour at 4 °C. The eye cup was washed with PBS, processed for IHC, and flat-mounted for imaging. The lens was cut along the equator and the nucleus and cortical fibers were removed. The anterior part of the lens was used for IHC.

Ranaei Pirmardan E., Zhang Y., Barakat A., Naseri M., Russmann C, & Hafezi-Moghadam A. (2023). Pre-hyperglycemia immune cell trafficking underlies subclinical diabetic cataractogenesis. Journal of Biomedical Science, 30, 6.

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Publication 2023

Animals Cell Nucleus Cortex, Cerebral Lens, Crystalline Ora Serrata

Intravitreal Injection and Retinal Imaging

We injected either saline, DMSO (2.89%, 1.5 µL), or GW4869 (10 µM, 1.5 µL, D1692, Millipore-Sigma, Burlington MA) dissolved in DMSO (2.89%) into the vitreous body of eyes using a small-volume syringe and needle in anesthetized mice (2.5% isoflurane). We did not notice the formation of any corneal or lens opacities following the procedure. Some animals were sacrificed 1 d after injections for immunohistochemistry. For the remainder of the animals, we determined the influence of prolonged exposure to GW4869 (20 d). Two days prior to the 20-d endpoint, we injected 1% cholera toxin subunit b 488 (CTB, 1.5 µL, C34775, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA) into the eye near the ora serrata to track RGC uptake and anterograde axon transport of CTB to the SC. At the experimental endpoint, animals were sacrificed and perfused as described below. Whole retinas and brains were dissected out and fixed in 4% PFA. We then dissected out the SC and performed coronal serial sections as described previously [19 (link)–21 (link), 28 (link)].

Risner M.L., Ribeiro M., McGrady N.R., Kagitapalli B.S., Chamling X., Zack D.J, & Calkins D.J. (2023). Neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition promotes local and network degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 21, 305.

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Publication 2023

Animals Axonal Transport Brain Choleragenoid Cornea GW 4869 Immunohistochemistry Isoflurane Mice, House Needles Ora Serrata Retina Saline Solution Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Syringes Vitreous Body

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What is the Ora Serrata and why is it important?

The Ora Serrata is the anatomical junction between the retiana and the ciliary body of the eye. It marks the transition between the sensory and motor functions of the eye, playing a critical role in the focusing and adjustment of the lens, which is essential for clear vision. Accurate understanding and investigation of the Ora Serrata is crucial for advancing our knowledge of visual mechanics and developing effective treatment approaches for related disorders.

What are some common challenges in studying the Ora Serrata?

Studying the Ora Serrata can be challenging due to its complex anatomical structure and the intricate visual processes involved. Researchers often face difficulties in accurately measuring and visualizing the Ora Serrata, as well as in isolating its specific contributions to overall eye function. Additionally, variations in individual anatomy can make it difficult to generalize findings across populations.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in Ora Serrata research?

PubCompare.ai can significantly streamline and optimize Ora Serrata research by allowing researchers to more efficiently screen protocol literature and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's advanced AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols related to the Ora Serrata, enabling researchers to choose the best options for reproducibility and accuracy. This can be especially useful when trying to navigate the nuances of studying this complex anatomical structure.

Are there different variations or types of the Ora Serrata that researchers should be aware of?

Yes, the Ora Serrata can exhibit some natural variations in its precise anatomical configuration and positioning within the eye. These differences can be influenced by factors like age, ethnicity, and individual ocular development. Researchers must be mindful of these variations when designing studies and interpreting findings to ensure they are accounting for the full range of Ora Serrata morphology and function.

How can the Ora Serrata be used in specific applications or areas of research?

The Ora Serrata is a critical structure for understanding and advancing various areas of eye research and ophthalmology. For example, it is a key focus for studies on visual processing, lens adjustment, and retinal function. Researchers may also investigate the Ora Serrata's role in ocular conditions like retinal detachment, refractive errors, and age-related changes in lens flexibility. By elucidating the Ora Serrata's precise anatomical features and functional contributions, scientists can develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approahces for a range of visual disorders.

More about "Ora Serrata"

The Ora Serrata, also known as the Retinal Ora Serrata or Ora Ciliaris Retinae, is a critical anatomical structure in the eye that plays a pivotal role in the visual process.
It marks the junction between the sensory retina and the motor ciliary body, serving as the transitional zone between these two vital components of the eye.
The Ora Serrata is instrumental in the focusing and adjustment of the lens, which is essential for clear and precise vision.
This region is a crucial area of interest for researchers studying eye physiology, ophthalmic conditions affecting the retina and lens, and the mechanics of visual function.
Accurate understanding and investigation of the Ora Serrata is crucial for advancing our knowledge of visual mechanics and developing effective treatment approaches for related disorders.
Researchers may utilize a variety of techniques and tools to study this important structure, such as Neomycin, Superfrost slides, Ames' medium, 32-gauge needles, NP-40, HBSS, MicrosonTM XL2000, Millicell filter rings, AxioCam MRc5 cameras, and Heidelberg Spectralis confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO).
By leveraging the insights and technologies available, scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the Ora Serrata and its role in the visual system, ultimately leading to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for a wide range of ophthalmological conditions.