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Radial Nerve

The Radial Nerve is a major nerve in the arm that innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand.
It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and descends along the posterior aspect of the humerus, providing motor and sensory functions to the upper limb.
The Radial Nerve is vital for proper hand and arm movement, and its dysfunction can lead to conditions such as radial nerve palsy.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the Radial Nerve is crucial for clinicians and researchers studying neuromuscular disorders and developing effective treatment strategies.

Most cited protocols related to «Radial Nerve»

This is a prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial comparing in-plane ulnar approach carpal tunnel injection versus out-plane carpal tunnel injection and blind injection of 40 mg of triamcinolone in patients with idiopathic CTS in terms of efficacy and safety. The patients were maintained in the supine position, with the forearm supinated and the wrist placed in slight dorsiflexion position to prevent change in the appearance of the median nerve according to wrist position (Figure 1).
In blind injection, after skin antisepsis, the 26-gauge needle was inserted into the proximal carpal tunnel at the distal wrist crease just ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon. The out-plane approach was performed using a perpendicularly placed transducer, and the needle was inserted into the proximal carpal tunnel at the distal wrist crease just ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon.4 The needle tip was identified as a moving reflector in real time as the tip passed obliquely from the skin surface to the proximal to distal carpal tunnel. In the in-plane ulnar approach, the transducer is moved ulnarly while keeping the median nerve in view (Figure 2A). In this manner, the pisiform, ulnar nerve, and ulnar artery are brought into view (Figure 2B).4 The pisiform appears as a prominent superiorly rounded hyperechoic structure on the ulnar side of the screen. The ulnar nerve lies just radial to the pisiform, and the ulnar artery lies radial to the ulnar nerve. Doppler images can confirm the position of the ulnar artery.7 (link) Although the optimal injectable location has not been determined, target sign which is produced by injectate as a ring form structure is used as a proper injection guideline.
A typical injectate consists of 1 mL of 40 mg/mL triamcinolone and 1 mL of 1% lidocaine, delivered in equal portions above the nerve, below the nerve, and into the subsynovial connective tissue. After completion of the injection, the distal carpal tunnel is scanned to ensure distribution of injectate throughout the proximal-to-distal extent of the carpal tunnel.7 (link) All injections were performed by the same physician. The US-guided injections were performed using an US device (GE healthcare, Hertfordshire, UK).
Publication 2014
Antisepsis Arteries, Ulnar Carpal Bones Connective Tissue Forearm Lidocaine Medical Devices Needles Nerves, Median Nervousness Patients Physicians Pisiform Bones Radial Nerve Safety Skin Tendons Transducers Triamcinolone Triquetral Bone Ulnar Nerve Visually Impaired Persons Wrist Joint
Samples for high-throughput sequencing were prepared as previously described [12 (link)]. From each regenerating animal, we excised the region of the injury gap (∼3–4 mm wide) plus ∼3 mm of stump (‘old’) tissue on either side of the injury plane. The wet weight of an individual tissue sample was around 10–15 mg. Tissue samples of comparable size and weight were also excised from uninjured animals. During tissue sampling, every effort was made to separate the radial nerve cord from surrounding tissues. However, isolation of the pure nerve cord by surgical means turned out to be practically impossible. Therefore, our tissue samples also consistently contained small amounts of the surrounding connective tissue, an accompanying segment of the water-vascular canal and a stretch of the contractile coelomic epithelium of the body wall because of close anatomical proximity of these structures to the radial nerve cord (Figure 2). For the 454 platform, we generated three non-normalized libraries representing uninjured animals (38 individuals), days 2 and 6 post-injury (63 and 71 animals, respectively), and days 12 and 20 post-injury (62 and 66 animals, respectively). In addition, equal quantities of the above samples were combined to prepare a normalized library. The samples extracted from the regenerating animals on day 6 post-injury were only used for 454 sequencing to increase transcript diversity in the final assembled transcriptome, and were not subjected to sequencing on the Illumina platform (see below). Total RNA was extracted using TRI reagent (Sigma), assessed for quality on an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer with the RNA 6000 Nano chips, and subjected to two rounds of poly(A) selection using Poly(A)Purist technology (Ambion). Normalization procedure was performed with a TRIMMER kit (Evrogen) following the manufacturer’s protocol. The normalized cDNA was amplified using Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix (Clontech).
For Illumina sequencing two non-normalized libraries were prepared for each of the four conditions: (i) uninjured radial organ complex (total RNA samples were pooled from 4 and 3 animals for the first and second libraries, respectively); (ii) day 2 post-injury (20 and 19 animals were used); (iii) day 12 post-injury (20 animals were used for each of the libraries); and (iv) day 20 post-injury (15 animals were used for each of the libraries). The final stages in library preparation and sequencing were performed by sequencing service providers at the DNA Facility of the University of Iowa (Genome Sequencer FLX System, Roche) and the Genome Sequencing and Analysis Core Facility of the Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy (Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx, Illumina). Raw sequencing reads from both the 454 and Illumina platforms were deposited at NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number NCBI:SRA051990 [61 ].
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Publication 2014
Amputation Stumps Animals Blood Vessel Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 Connective Tissue DNA, Complementary DNA Chips DNA Library Epithelium Genome Human Body Injuries isolation Muscle Contraction Nerve Tissue Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Poly A Pulp Canals Radial Nerve Tissues Transcriptome
Two subjects were selected for participation in this study, subject 1 with high tetraplegia and subject 2 with midlevel tetraplegia. Subject 1 had a Brown–Séquard injury at the C1 level. The subject had motor paralysis below C1 with normal to hypersensitive sensation on the implant side. The only voluntary function on the implant side was shoulder shrug (upper trapezius). Subject 2 had an injury at the C5 level. The subject had some voluntary shoulder movement and elbow flexion (including brachioradialis) with a limited range of motion. The triceps and wrist extensors of subject 2 were partially denervated.
A summary of implanted electrodes is shown in Table I. Multicontact selective electrodes [Fig. 2(c)] were used on the radial nerves of both subjects and the musculocutaneous nerve of subject 1. Multicontact nonselective electrodes [Fig. 2(d)] were used on the suprascapular nerves of both subjects and the axillary nerve of subject 1. Single-contact electrodes [Fig. 2(e)] were used on the thoracodorsal and long thoracic nerves of both subjects. Target muscles and consequent nerve cuff locations and type were chosen based on prior musculoskeletal modeling studies [1 (link)], [2 (link)]. The MetroHealth Medical Center Institutional Review Board approved the study and subjects gave informed consent prior to participation. An investigational device exemption was obtained from the FDA prior to initiation of the study.
Publication 2009
Axilla Ethics Committees, Research Hypersensitivity Injuries Joints, Elbow Medical Devices Movement Muscle Tissue Nerves, Musculocutaneous Nervousness Quadriplegia Radial Nerve Shoulder Thoracic Nerves Trapezius Muscle Wrist
Real-world performance of TAPS therapy, delivered with a wrist-worn device (Cala Trio™, Cala Health, San Mateo, CA, USA), was analyzed for patients who had a diagnosis of ET reported by their prescribing HCP, had used TAPS therapy for at least 90 days, and had a minimum of 10 sessions in device logs. The TAPS device consisted of a (1) wrist-worn stimulator with a triaxial accelerometer that generated the TAPS waveform and logged all device-collected data, (2) detachable wrist band with electrodes configured to target the median and radial nerves, and (3) cloud-connected base station that charged the stimulator and securely transmitted all device data to a centralized database (Figure 1A). The instructions for use provided with the device instructed patients on how to calibrate and use TAPS therapy.
Demographic information and tremor history were gathered from the HCP prescription form and from a voluntary survey (eTable 1, in Supplemental materials) sent to patients after 90 days of therapy use (Figure 1B). Usage and effectiveness information were compiled from device logs, which included (1) timestamps of all sessions; and (2) device-prompted postural hold tremor accelerometry measurements and (3) patients’ self-rating of post-session impression of tremor (improved, no change, worsened) collected before and after the first forty therapy sessions and every seventh session thereafter (Figure 1B).
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Publication 2022
Accelerometry Diagnosis Medical Devices Patients Radial Nerve Therapeutics Tremor TRIO protein, human Wrist Joint
To facilitate interpretation of the expression pattern of AruRGP transcripts in starfish arm tips revealed using mRNA in situ hybridization methods, adjacent frozen sections were processed for immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody 1E11, which was generously provided by Dr. Robert D. Burke (University of Victoria, Canada; RRID AB_2617214). 1E11 is a neuron‐specific antibody to synaptotagmin B and is a marker of neural structures in echinoderms, including starfish (Burke et al., 2006; Saha et al., 2006). Importantly, the specificity of 1E11 for synaptotagmin B has been demonstrated by western blot analysis of radial nerve extracts from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and comparison of immunostaining patterns observed with 1E11 and with antibodies to S. purpuratus synaptotagmin B. Further evidence of the specificity of 1E11 has been obtained by comparison of the distribution of 1E11 immunoreactivity with the distribution of synaptotagmin B mRNA in sea urchin revealed using mRNA in situ hybridization methods (Burke et al., 2006).
For immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody 1E11, starfish arm tips were lightly fixed (up to 30 minutes in 4% PFA/PBS; pH 7.4) because immunostaining with the 1E11 antibody is fixation‐sensitive (R.D. Burke, pers. commun.). Frozen sections of starfish arm tips mounted on slides were washed in PBS and then incubated for 20 minutes in PBS containing 1% hydrogen peroxide to quench endogenous peroxidases. Following washing with PBST, slides were blocked with 5% goat serum/PBST for 2 hours at room temperature. The slides were then incubated overnight at 4°C with the 1E11 antibody, diluted 1:3 with 5% goat serum/PBST. After washing with PBST, slides were then incubated for 3 hours at room temperature with goat antimouse horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies immunoglobulins (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA) diluted 1:500 in PBST containing 2% goat serum. After washing in PBST, staining buffer (0.05% diaminobenzidine, 0.05% nickel chloride, 0.015% hydrogen peroxide in PBS) was applied to each slide until staining was observed. Slides were washed sequentially in PBS and autoclaved water and then coverslips were mounted using Hydromount (Natural Diagnostics). Photographs of immunostained sections and adjacent sections processed for AruRGP mRNA in situ hybridization were obtained as described above.
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Publication 2016
Antibodies Buffers Diagnosis Echinodermata Frozen Sections Goat Horseradish Peroxidase immunoglobulin B Immunoglobulins Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Monoclonal Antibodies Nervousness Neurons nickel chloride Peroxidases Peroxide, Hydrogen Radial Nerve RNA, Messenger Sea Urchin Serum Starfish Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Synaptotagmins Vorinostat Western Blot

Most recents protocols related to «Radial Nerve»

Baseline and follow-up characteristics were summarized using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Mean ± standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum were used to summarize continuous variables. Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test for categorical variables, Student t test for normally distributed variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test for skewed variables. (See table 1, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which displays the baseline characteristics, http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/C425.)
Linear regression with inverse probability weighting was used to compare the change in preoperative pain at most recent follow-up for the Avive PUCM and control groups. Change in pain from pre-revision surgery to most recent follow-up was also categorized as (A) worsened or no significant improvement if there was less than two points improvement in VAS pain, or (B) clinically important difference if VAS pain improved greater than or equal to two points. (See table 2, Supplemental Digital Content 2, which displays the follow-up characteristics, http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/C426.) Logistic regression with inverse probability weighting was used to compare postrevision satisfaction between groups. A type 1 error level of 5% was used for all statistical tests, and all analyses were conducted in Stata 17 (Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/C426).
Subanalyses were then conducted by the nerve treated. There were 44 Avive PUCM subjects and 49 control subjects included in the median nerve subanalysis. The ulnar nerve subanalysis included 30 Avive PUCM subjects and 49 control subjects. Twelve subjects in the Avive revision group had radial revision, but no subjects in the control group had radial revision; so a subanalysis was not conducted for radial nerves. Subjects with both median nerve revision and ulnar nerve revision (n = 5) were included in both subanalyses. Baseline and follow-up characteristics were compared using the same methods described above for the entire cohort.
Publication 2023
Nerves, Median Nervousness Pain Radial Nerve Repeat Surgery Satisfaction Student Thumb Ulnar Nerve Visual Analog Pain Scale
Consecutive adult patients who underwent revision surgery for carpal, cubital, and radial tunnel due to recalcitrant and/or unimproved clinical symptoms were included in our study. In all cases, Avive PUCM was wrapped around the respective nerves (Figs. 12). All procedures were performed by one of two fellowship-trained hand surgeons over a period of three years. Eighty patients met initial inclusion criteria for the Avive PUCM group. After propensity score analysis, three subjects from the Avive PUCM group were excluded from subsequent analysis, as they did not fit within the common support (the range of propensity scores that exist in both groups). Ultimately, 77 patients (97 nerves) were analyzed in the Avive PUCM group [47.4% (46/97) median nerve, 39.2% (38/97) ulnar nerve, and 13.4% (13/97) radial nerve].
Demographic data, including patient age, sex, and time to revision surgery, were collected. Average time from revision to most recent follow-up was recorded, as well as the site of membrane placement. Physical examination findings were collected pre- and postoperatively, which included visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Static 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein, grip and pinch strength, range of motion (ROM), and subjective patient satisfaction. The Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score was also collected postoperatively whenever possible.
Publication 2023
Adult Disabled Persons Discrimination, Psychology Fellowships Figs Grasp Nerves, Median Nervousness Pain Patients Physical Examination Pinch Strength Radial Nerve Repeat Surgery Shoulder Surgeons Tissue, Membrane Triquetral Bone Ulnar Nerve Visual Analog Pain Scale
Photographs of sections processed for immunohistochemistry were captured using a INFINITY5-5C Color Camera (Teledyne Lumenera, Ontario, CA) linked to a DMRA2 light microscope (Leica), utilising INFINITY ANALYZE v.7.0.2.920 image analysis software (Teledyne Lumenera, Ontario, CA) running on an iMac computer (27-inch, Late 2013 model with OS X Yosemite, version 10.10). Montages of photographs were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CC (version 19.1.4, × 64) and Adobe Illustrator CC (version 22.1, × 64) running on a MacBook Pro computer (13-inch, early 2015 model with OS Monterrey version 12.2.1). Interpretation of the patterns of immunostaining reported here can be made with reference to Fig. 2, which shows a graphic representation of starfish anatomy.

Graphical representation of starfish anatomy showing a vertical section of the central disk and the proximal region of an adjoining arm. Colour key: body wall skeleton, green; digestive system, orange; hemal system, brown; muscles, purple; nervous system, pink; perihemal system, yellow; reproductive system, grey; water vascular system, blue. Abbreviations: a, anus; amp, ampulla; am, apical muscle; cs, cardiac stomach; conr, circumoral nerve ring; gcc, general coelomic cavity; gon, gonad; m, mouth; ma, madreporite; oa, organ axial; os, ossicle; pa, papullae; pm, peristomial membrane; pc, pyloric caecum; pd, pyloric duct; ps, pyloric stomach; rc, rectal caecum; rnc, radial nerve cord; rw, radial water vascular canal; sa, sinus of axial organ; sc, stone canal; tm, tourniquet muscle; tb, Tiedemann’s body; tf, tube foot. Diagram was modified from Yañez-Guerra et al. (2018 (link))

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Publication 2023
Anus Blood Vessel Calculi Cecum Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 Dental Caries Digestive System Foot Genitalia Gonads Heart Hemic System Human Body imidazole-4-acetic acid Immunohistochemistry Light Microscopy Muscle Tissue Nervousness Oral Cavity Pulp Canals Pylorus Radial Nerve Rectum Sinuses, Nasal Skeleton Starfish Stomach Systems, Nervous Tissue, Membrane Tourniquets
A 51-year-old patient with a history of schwannoma resection in the left axillary region, with a defect resulting from approximately 4 cm of the median nerve. Repair of the median nerve was performed with a graft of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm at the same surgical time. After six months of PO, the patient maintained the flexion of the thumb fingers M0 and a neurotization of the branch of the SCRE muscle was performed for AIN.
Two months after the nerve transfer, the patient presented M3 force of the FPL and Deep Flexor of the 2nd, without any deficit in radial nerve function. After two years of follow-up, significant improvement in the strength of FPL and Deep Flexor of the 2nd, 3rd fingers M4+, and 4th and 5th fingers M3/4 were observed.
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Publication 2023
Axilla Fingers Muscle Tissue Nerve Regeneration Nerves, Median Nerve Transfer Neurilemmoma Patients Radial Nerve Skin Transplantation Thumb Ulnar Nerve
This is a prospective cohort study in which four patients underwent neurotizations for AIN between April 2015 and May 2018. The treatment aimed to recover the flexors of the fingers of the affected hand, for recovery of the grip, and the treatment was clinically evaluated by the BRMC strength scale. Preoperatively, potential donor nerves were clinically tested, specifically the pronation and flexion of the wrist to the median nerve and the supination of the forearm and extension of the wrist, fingers, and thumb to the radial nerve.
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Publication 2023
Fingers Forearm Grasp Nerves, Median Nerve Transfer Nervousness Patients Pronation Radial Nerve Supination Thumb Tissue Donors Wrist Joint

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More about "Radial Nerve"

The radial nerve, also known as the musculospiral nerve, is a critical component of the upper limb's neuromuscular system.
Originating from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, this nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand, playing a vital role in arm and hand movement.
Dysfunction of the radial nerve can lead to radial nerve palsy, a condition that impairs the ability to extend the wrist and fingers.
Understanding the radial nerve's anatomy and function is crucial for clinicians and researchers studying neuromuscular disorders.
Protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, such as those utilizing the TubeSeq service, Digidata 1440A digitizer, and QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit, can provide valuable insights into the assessment and management of radial nerve-related conditions.
The use of Clampfit software and Micro-Renathane tubing can aid in the electrophysiological evaluation of the radial nerve, while the PCR-Blunt II-TOPO vector and TRIzol reagent may be employed in genetic and molecular analyses.
Furthermore, the 10-0 monofilament epineurial microstitch can be utilized in surgical interventions targeting the radial nerve.
Electromyographic evoked potential meters and SAS statistical software can also contribute to the comprehensive assessment and understanding of radial nerve function and dysfunction.
By leveraging these tools and techniques, researchers and clinicians can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their radial nerve analyses, ultimately leading to more effective treatment strategies for patients.