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Spinal Cords, Cervical

Spinal Cords, Cervical: The upper portion of the spinal cord located within the cervical vertebrae.
The cervical spinal cord contains nerve fibers that transmit sensory and motor information to and from the brain, controlling vital functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
This region is crucial for maintaining proper neurological function and is a common target for injury or disease.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai to streamline their studies on cervical spinal cords, optimizing research protocols and boosting reproducibility through AI-driven comparisons of the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents.

Most cited protocols related to «Spinal Cords, Cervical»

1
Retrograde Tracing of Corticostriatal and Spinomotor Circuits
Cited 16 times

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Publication 2016
ADORA2A protein, human Analgesics Animals Brain Cells Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 Cortex, Cerebral Craniotomy Hindbrain Horns Infection Isoflurane Lumbar Region Microscopy, Confocal Microtomy Motor Neurons Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Spinal Cord Spinal Cords, Cervical Striatum, Corpus
2
Surgical Procedures for Dorsal Column Lesions
Cited 13 times
In preparation for the dorsal column section of the spinal cord, each monkey was initially anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (15mg/kg, i.m.) and then maintained in a stereotaxic head holder at a surgical level of anesthesia with 1-3% isoflurane. The depth of anesthesia was monitored by recording the heart and respiration rates, and testing for withdrawal reflexes. Rectal body temperature was maintained at 37-38°C. Under aseptic conditions, a portion of the cervical spinal cord was exposed, and the dorsal columns were sectioned on one side with a pair of fine surgical scissors at cervical level C4-C6. Dura was replaced with Gelfilm and covered with Gelfoam. The opening was closed, and the skin sutured. The monkeys were carefully monitored until they were fully recovered from anesthesia and then returned to their home cage. Monkeys received antibiotics and analgesics for 2-3 days after surgery. Animals’ cage behavior and food intake typically returned to normal shortly after surgery. Further details about surgical procedures can be found in previous publications from the laboratory (Jain et al., 1997 (link); 2008 (link)).
Qi H.X., Chen L.M, & Kaas J.H. (2011). Reorganization of Somatosensory Cortical Areas 3b and 1 after Unilateral Section of Dorsal Columns of the Spinal Cord in Squirrel Monkeys. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(38), 13662-13675.
Publication 2011
Analgesics Anesthesia Animals Antibiotics, Antitubercular Asepsis Body Temperature Dura Mater Eating Gelfilm Gelfoam Head Heart Isoflurane Ketamine Hydrochloride Monkeys Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Rectum Reflex Respiratory Rate Skin Spinal Cord Spinal Cords, Cervical Surgical Scissors
3
Standardized Neuropathological Analysis of FTLD-TDP
Cited 12 times
Neuropathologic analysis for cases #1–6 (Table 1) was performed according to the standardized procedures of the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR) Brain Bank at the University of Pennsylvania as previously described [33 (link)]. Case #7 was obtained from the archives of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and was largely processed in the same fashion except for a longer fixation period (~2 weeks). Briefly, brain and spinal cord regions were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, and 6 μm thick sections were cut from paraffin-embedded tissue. CNS tissue samples were obtained from the following regions for study here: mid-frontal cortex, primary motor cortex, superior and middle temporal cortex, parietal cortex (angular gyrus), occipital (primary visual) cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala with parahippocampal gyrus, striatum and globus pallidus, mid-thalamus, hippocampus with parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum including dentate nucleus, midbrain including substantia nigra, pons including locus ceruleus, medulla including inferior olive, and cervical spinal cord.
Closely adjacent series of sections from each CNS region were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or by immunohistochemistry using standard avidin–biotin complex methods with microwave antigen retrieval in citrate buffer. Antibodies included anti-TDP-43 antibodies (rat monoclonal TAR5P-1D3 (pS409/410 TDP-43) Ascenion, Munich, Germany [26 (link)]; 6H6E12, ProteinTech, Chicago, IL; 5104, 5095 and C1039, CNDR [18 (link)]), anti-ubiquitin (MAB1510, Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA), anti-Aβ (NAB228, CNDR [19 (link), 20 (link)]), anti-phosphorylated tau (PHF1, gift of Professor Peter Davies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA), and anti-α-synuclein (SYN303, CNDR [11 (link)]). Antibody concentration optimization was sometimes required to enhance visualization of TDP-43 pathology.
Additional FTLD-TDP cases with documentation of age of onset, age of death, and FTLD-TDP subtype were identified in the CNDR Integrated Neurodegenerative Disease Database (INDD) as described [33 (link)]. 102 cases were identified corresponding to 38 type A, 34 type B, and 30 type C cases.
Lee E.B., Porta S., Baer G.M., Xu Y., Suh E., Kwong L.K., Elman L., Grossman M., Lee V.M., Irwin D.J., Van Deerlin V.M, & Trojanowski J.Q. (2017). Expansion of the classification of FTLD-TDP: distinct pathology associated with rapidly progressive frontotemporal degeneration. Acta neuropathologica, 134(1), 65-78.
Publication 2017
alpha-Synuclein Amygdaloid Body Angular Gyrus Anti-Antibodies Antibodies Antigens Avidin Biotin Brain Brain Diseases Buffers Cerebellum Citrate Eosin Formalin Frontotemporal Dementia Globus Pallidus Gyrus, Anterior Cingulate Immunoglobulins Immunohistochemistry Lobe, Frontal Locus Coeruleus Medulla Oblongata Mesencephalon Microwaves Motor Cortex, Primary Neurodegenerative Disorders Nucleus, Dentate Olivary Nucleus Paraffin Embedding Parahippocampal Gyrus Parietal Lobe Pharmaceutical Preparations PHF1 protein, human Pons protein TDP-43, human Spinal Cord Spinal Cords, Cervical Striate Cortex Striatum, Corpus Substantia Nigra Temporal Lobe Thalamus Tissues Ubiquitin
4
Neonatal Mouse Brainstem Electrophysiology
Cited 10 times
Dbx1 reporter mouse pups and wild‐type littermates were anesthetized at postnatal days 0–4 (P0‐4) by immersion in crushed ice until disappearance of the tail pinch response. After isolation within 1–2 min, the neuraxis from the pons to the rostral cervical spinal cord was transferred to a dish filled with superfusate containing (in mmol·L−1): 124 NaCl, 3 KCl, 1.5 CaCl2, 1 MgSO4, 25 NaHCO3, 0.5 NaH2PO4, and 30 dextrose, equilibrated with carbogen, a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2 to establish a pH of 7.4. After removing the arachnoidea, the neuraxis of P0‐4 mice was used for electrophysiological experiments, which were performed in the Del Negro laboratory at The College of William & Mary. Anatomical analyses of chemically fixed preparations from P0 or P4 mice in the Ballanyi laboratory at the University of Alberta.
Ruangkittisakul A., Kottick A., Picardo M.C., Ballanyi K, & Del Negro C.A. (2014). Identification of the pre‐Bötzinger complex inspiratory center in calibrated “sandwich” slices from newborn mice with fluorescent Dbx1 interneurons. Physiological Reports, 2(8), e12111.
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Publication 2014
Bicarbonate, Sodium carbogen Central Nervous System Glucose Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal isolation Mice, House Mice, Laboratory Negroes Pons Sodium Chloride Spinal Cords, Cervical Submersion Sulfate, Magnesium Tail
5
Comprehensive Neuropathological Tau Evaluation
Cited 9 times
70 μm sections were independently examined by experienced
investigators (JB, DJI) and graded on a standard validated ordinal scale (i.e.
0=none/rare, 1=mild, 2=moderate,
3=severe)10 (link), 15 (link), 25 (link) for the burden of tau deposition and neuronal loss in
the following regions: amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIPP), orbitofrontal cortex
(OFC), mid-frontal cortex (MFC), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG),
superior/mid-temporal gyri (SMT), primary motor cortex (MOT), angular gyrus
(ANG), primary sensory cortex (SENS), primary visual cortex (VIS), caudate
nucleus and putamen (striatum STR), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (THAL),
midbrain, pons, medulla (MED), cerebellum (CB) and cervical spinal cord (CSC).
Anatomic regions/nuclei within these sections examined included: the cornu
ammonis/subiculum (CA), entorhinal cortex (ERC) and dentate gyrus (DG) in HIPP;
substantia nigra (MBSN) and red nucleus (MBRN) in midbrain; locus coeruleus (LC)
and raphe nuclei (RPN) in the pons; hypoglossal nucleus (MEDXII), dorsal motor
nucleus of the vagus (MEDX), reticular formation (MEDRF), inferior olive
(MEDIO), and arcuate nucleus and pontobulbar body pre-cerebellar nuclei (MED
ARC/PB); dentate nucleus (CBDG) and granular layer (CBGL) of the cerebellum.
Discrepant scores were re-reviewed by both examiners and consensus scores were
reached. Sections were also separately graded for the severity of ramified
astrocytes and tau pathology in adjacent white matter (WM). Finally, since PiD
can preferentially affect specific cortical lamina (i.e. II, VI) 26 , cortical sections were also
examined for tau deposition in superficial cortical layers (layers II-III) and
deep cortical layers (V-VI). Hypothetical phases of sequential tau deposition
were constructed through comparison of regional involvement for AT-8 staining in
70 μm thick sections.
A subset of regions (AMY, ERC, DG, CA, MFC, OFC, ACG, SMT, ANG, SENS,
STR, MOT, VIS) were selected for 6 μm section IHC experiments for UBQ,
ThS, Tau C3, RD4 and anti-4R tau and graded on a similar ordinal scale.
Irwin D.J., Brettschneider J., McMillan C.T., Cooper F., Olm C., Arnold S.E., Van Deerlin V.M., Seeley W.W., Miller B.L., Lee E.B., Lee V.M., Grossman M, & Trojanowski J.Q. (2015). Deep Clinical and Neuropathological Phenotyping of Pick’s Disease. Annals of neurology, 79(2), 272-287.
Publication 2015
Amygdaloid Body Angular Gyrus Body Regions Cell Nucleus Cerebellar Nuclei Cerebellum Entorhinal Area Globus Pallidus Gyrus, Anterior Cingulate Gyrus, Dentate Human Body Kidney Cortex Lobe, Frontal Locus Coeruleus Medulla Oblongata Mesencephalon Motor Cortex, Primary Neostriatum Neurons Nucleus, Arcuate Nucleus, Dentate Olivary Nucleus Orbitofrontal Cortex Parahippocampal Gyrus Pneumogastric Nerve Pons Putamen Raphe Nuclei Red Nucleus Reticular Formation Scalp-Ear-Nipple Syndrome Seahorses Somatosensory Cortex Spinal Cords, Cervical Striate Cortex Subiculum Substantia Nigra Superior Temporal Gyrus Thalamus White Matter

Most recents protocols related to «Spinal Cords, Cervical»

1
White Matter Integrity Assessment
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

Alternatively or in addition to all of the foregoing as it relates to gray matter, the invention further contemplates that white matter fA (fractional anisotropy) can be employed in a manner analogous to the gray matter atrophy as discussed herein in various embodiments.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) assesses white matter, specifically white matter tract integrity. A decrease in fA can occur with either demyelination or with axonal damage or both. One can assess white matter substructures including optic nerve and cervical spinal cord.

MRIs of brain including high cervical spinal cord to be done at month 6, 1 year, and 2 years. If a decrease in fA of 10% is observed in fA of 2 tracts, treat with estriol to halt this decrease. Alternatively if fA is decreased by 10% in only one tract but that tract is associated with clinical deterioration of the disability served by that tract, treat with estriol. Poorer scores in low contrast visual acuity would correlate with decreased fA of optic nerve, while poorer motor function would correlate with decreased fA in motor tracts in cervical spinal cord.

US11865122B2. Estrogen therapy for brain gray matter atrophy and associated disability (2024-01-09). The Regents of the University of California [US]. Inventors: Rhonda R. Voskuhl [US].
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Patent 2024
Anisotropy Atrophy Axon Brain Clinical Deterioration Copaxone Demyelination Disabled Persons Estriol Gray Matter Magnetic Resonance Imaging Multiple Sclerosis Optic Nerve Spinal Cords, Cervical Visual Acuity White Matter
2
In Vivo Spinal Cord Imaging Protocol
The cervical spinal cord was exposed by laminectomy as previously described [38 ]. Briefly, animals were intubated by insertion of a canula in the trachea providing oxygen and isoflurane through a Minivent system (Harvard apparatus). Laminectomy (C2-5) was performed and spinal column fixed at C1 and C6 in a stereotactic frame. Body temperature and heart rate were recorded and stored electronically. Imaging was performed via 2-photon (LaVision TrimScope II microscope, Spectra-Physics laser). Mouse respiration via MiniVent was synchronized to picture acquisition through a triggering device (TrigViFo) reducing imaging artifacts [97 ]. Through an additional toolkit (VivoFollow II) [97 ], this synchronization allowed real-time distortion correction. Tissue displacement was automatically corrected by objective and stage adjustment through a Python script (VivoFollow I) [96 (link)]. Single images, z-stacks and videos were acquired with ImSpector software (LaVision). Raw images were processed with Fiji [82 (link)] and saved as TIF.
Ivan D.C., Berve K.C., Walthert S., Monaco G., Borst K., Bouillet E., Ferreira F., Lee H., Steudler J., Buch T., Prinz M., Engelhardt B, & Locatelli G. (2023). Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 11, 35.
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Publication 2023
Animals Body Temperature Cannulation Isoflurane Laminectomy Medical Devices Mice, Laboratory Microscopy Oxygen Python Rate, Heart Reading Frames Respiration Spinal Cords, Cervical Tissues Trachea Vertebral Column
3
Neuropathological Examination of Dementia
An autopsy restricted to the brain (including a small portion of cervical spinal cord) was performed on subject BI. The brain was extensively sampled according to the UCLA dementia protocol including representative sections from the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum. Six-micrometre sections were cut from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Several blocks were also stained with Luxol fast blue. Immunohistochemistry was implemented with antibodies to β-amyloid 1–42 (1:150, EMD Millipore, rabbit polyclonal, AB5078P), β-amyloid 1–40 (1:400, EMD Millipore, rabbit polyclonal, AB5074P), phospho-tau (1:200, Thermo Fisher, mouse monoclonal, AT8) and alpha-synuclein (1:450, EMD Millipore, rabbit polyclonal, AB5038). Incubation with primary antibodies was followed by either horse anti-mouse or horse anti-rabbit secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (MP7402 & MP7401; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Visualization of antibody reactivity was achieved with N′N-diaminobenzidine as chromogen (no. SK-4100; Vector Laboratories) and then counterstained with haematoxylin. Neuropathologic substrates of dementia were assessed using standard diagnostic criteria.19 (link) The presence of cerebrovascular disease was also evaluated, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) graded according to the Vonsattel criteria.20 (link)All three participants with the F388S mutation, 5/8 of the A431E mutation carriers and 2/3 carriers of PSEN1 mutations not causing SP were male. We therefore were unable to assess effects of gender.
Ringman J.M., Dorrani N., Fernández S.G., Signer R., Martinez-Agosto J., Lee H., Douine E.D., Qiao Y., Shi Y., D’Orazio L., Pawar S., Robbie L., Kashani A.H., Singer M., Byers J.T., Magaki S., Guzman S., Sagare A., Zlokovic B., Cederbaum S., Nelson S., Sheikh-Bahaei N., Chui H.C., Chávez-Gutiérrez L, & Vinters H.V. (2023). Characterization of spastic paraplegia in a family with a novel PSEN1 mutation. Brain Communications, 5(2), fcad030.
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Publication 2023
Amygdaloid Body Amyloid Proteins Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Autopsy azo rubin S Basal Ganglia Brain Brain Stem Cerebellum Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Cerebrovascular Disorders Cloning Vectors Cuneus Diagnosis Entorhinal Area Eosin Equus caballus Formalin Hematoxylin Horseradish Peroxidase Immunoglobulins Immunohistochemistry Luxol Fast Blue MBS Males Mice, House Mutation Paraffin Embedding Presenile Dementia PSEN1 protein, human Rabbits Seahorses SNCA protein, human Spinal Cords, Cervical
4
Quantifying Phrenic Motor Neurons via Imaging
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry was performed as previously described (Philippidou et al., 2012 (link); Vagnozzi et al., 2020 (link)), on tissue fixed for 2 h in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and cryosectioned at 16 μm. In situ probes were generated from e12.5 cervical spinal cord cDNA libraries using PCR primers with a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence at the 5’ end of the reverse primer. All probes generated were 750–1000 bp in length. Wholemounts of diaphragm muscles were stained as described (Philippidou et al., 2012 (link)). The following antibodies were used: rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling, RRID:AB_2341188), mouse anti-olig2-A488-conjugated (1:500; Millipore, RRID:AB_11205039), rabbit anti-β-Catenin (1:250; Cell Signaling Technology, RRID:AB_11127203), goat anti-Scip (1:5000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, RRID:AB_2268536), mouse anti-Islet1/2 (1:1000, DSHB, RRID:AB_2314683) (Tsuchida et al., 1994 (link)), rabbit anti-neurofilament (1:1000; Synaptic Systems, RRID:AB_887743), rabbit anti-synaptophysin (1:250, Thermo Fisher, RRID:AB_10983675), and α-bungarotoxin Alexa Fluor 555 conjugate (1:1000; Invitrogen, RRID:AB_2617152). Images were obtained with a Zeiss LSM 800 confocal microscope and analyzed with Zen Blue, ImageJ (Fiji), and Imaris (Bitplane). Phrenic MN number was quantified using the Imaris “spots” function to detect cell bodies that coexpressed high levels of Scip and Isl1/2 in a region of interest limited to the left and right sides of the ventral spinal cord.
Vagnozzi A.N., Moore M.T., López de Boer R., Agarwal A., Zampieri N., Landmesser L.T, & Philippidou P. (2023). Catenin signaling controls phrenic motor neuron development and function during a narrow temporal window. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 17, 1121049.
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Publication 2023
Alexa Fluor 555 alpha-Bungarotoxin anti-synaptophysin Antibodies bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase Caspase 3 cDNA Library Cell Body CTNNB1 protein, human Exanthema Goat Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Microscopy, Confocal Mus Muscle Tissue Neurofilaments OLIG2 protein, human Oligonucleotide Primers paraform Rabbits Spinal Cord Spinal Cords, Cervical Tissues Vaginal Diaphragm
5
Tissue Collection and Preservation
After beam walking test, mice were euthanized with an excessive dose of ketamine and xylazine. Blood samples were harvested from the facial vein of the mice with animal lancets (Medipoint). Sera were obtained by collection of the supernatants after centrifuging of the clotted blood samples at 3,100g for 15 minutes at 4°C. Tibialis anterior muscles and cervical spinal cords were freshly dissected out, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at –80°C. Some animals were perfused transcardially with ice-cold PBS, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde. Tibialis anterior muscles, cervical spinal cords, and optic nerves were harvested, postfixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, cryoprotected with 30% sucrose, and sectioned in 10 μm using a cryostat.
Yick L.W., Ma O.K., Chan E.Y., Yau K.X., Kwan J.S, & Chan K.H. (2023). T follicular helper cells contribute to pathophysiology in a model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. JCI Insight, 8(4), e161003.
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Publication 2023
Animals BLOOD Cold Temperature Face Freezing Ketamine Mice, House Nitrogen Optic Nerve paraform Serum Spinal Cords, Cervical Sucrose Tibial Muscle, Anterior Veins Walk Test Xylazine

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More about "Spinal Cords, Cervical"

The cervical spinal cord is the uppermost portion of the spinal cord, located within the cervical vertebrae.
This critical region contains nerve fibers that transmit sensory and motor information to and from the brain, playing a crucial role in vital functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure regulation.
Researchers studying the cervical spinal cord can leverage advanced tools and techniques to optimize their research protocols and boost reproducibility.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can help identify the best protocols from the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents, enabling researchers to streamline their studies on the cervical spinal cord.
Complementary technologies like Magnetom Verio MRI scanners, Superfrost Plus microscope slides, and TRIzol reagent can provide high-quality data for cervical spinal cord research.
Specialized imaging equipment, such as the Axio Imager M2 microscope and Cryostat for tissue sectioning, can also be employed.
Computational tools like MATLAB and RNAlater RNA stabilization solution further enhance the research process.
By leveraging these resources and techniques, researchers can optimize their investigations of the cervical spinal cord, leading to more accurate and reproducible findings.
This knowledge can then be applied to better understand and address spinal cord injuries, diseases, and other neurological conditions affecting this crucial region.