Spleen

Example 4

Immunogenicity was assessed using the model antigen TIPeGFP in order to determine whether comparable immunogenicity to AdC63 and AdC68 could be obtained in mice using an AdY25-based vector.

Balb/c mice (4/group) were immunised intramuscularly with 109 infectious units (ifu) of each of the following viral vectors, all expressing the TIPeGFP antigen:

• • v. AdCh63;
  • vi. ΔE1 ΔE3 AdCh68; and
  • vii. ChAdOX1.

After 14 days post-prime, spleen immunogenicity against a strong CD8+ epitope (Pb9) was assessed by IFN-γ ELISpot

The IFN-γ spleen ELISpot responses are shown in FIG. 4. Responses elicited by ChAdOX1 were robust and comparable to those seen using AdCh63 and the AdCh68-based vector. These data support the continued development of AdY25-based vectors for clinical application.

Example 18

Materials and Methods

Cryo preserved tumors (B16.F10-hCD40+#6, 7 and 9 used as control, hereafter called B16 AND MB49 #2, 4 and 5) from human CD40 transgenic mice were analyzed. 8 μm cryosections were prepared and stained. Mouse spleen was used as positive control.

The sections were analyzed in a Leica DMRX-e microscope and representative photos were taken.

Results

FIG. 28 shows that a marked higher degree of infiltrating T cells are seen in the MB49 tumors compared to the B16 tumors used as control.

Example 2

The full-length murine NKG2D cDNA was purchased from Open Biosystems (Huntsville, AL). Murine CD3ζ chain, Dap10 and Dap12 cDNAs were cloned by RT-PCR using RNAs from ConA- or IL-2 (1000 U/mL)-activated spleen cells as templates. Mouse NKG2D ligands Rae-1p and H60 were cloned from YAC-1 cells by RT-PCR. All PCR reactions were performed using high-fidelity enzyme Pfu or PFUULTRA™ (STRATAGENE@, La Jolla, CA). The oligonucleotides employed in these PCR reactions are listed in Table 9.

Restriction sites inserted for cloning purposes are underlined.

Chimeric NKG2D was created by fusing the murine CD3 chain cytoplasmic region coding sequence (CD3′-CYP) to the full-length gene of murine NKG2D. Briefly, the SalI-EcoRI fragment of CD3′-CYP (with the initiation codon ATG at the 5′ end, primer numbers 9 and 10) and the EcoRI-XhoI fragment of NKG2D (without ATG, primer numbers 2 and 3) were ligated into the SalI/XhoI-digested pFB-neo retroviral vector (STRATAGENE®, La Jolla, CA). Similarly, chimeric Dap10 was generated by fusing the SalI-EcoRI fragment of full-length Dap10 (primer numbers 4 and 6) to the EcoRI-XhoI fragment of CD3ζ-CYP (primer numbers 11 and 12). Wild-type NKG2D (primer numbers 2 and 3), Dap10 (primer numbers 4 and 5) and Dap12 (primer numbers 7 and 8) fragments were inserted between the EcoRI and XhoI sites in pFB-neo. In some cases, a modified vector pFB-IRES-GFP was used to allow co-expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with genes of interest. pFB-IRES-GFP was constructed by replacing the 3.9 kb AvrUScaI fragment of pFB-neo with the 3.6kb AvrII/ScaI fragment of a plasmid GFP-RV(Ouyang, et al. (1998) Immunity 9:745-755). Rae-1β (primer numbers 13 and 14) and H60 (primer numbers 15 and 16) cDNAs were cloned into pFB-neo. Constructs containing human NKD2D and human CD3ζ or murine Fc were prepared in the same manner using the appropriate cDNAs as templates.