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> Anatomy > Body Part > Sural Nerve

Sural Nerve

The sural nerve is a sensory nerve located in the lower leg.
It originates from the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and runs down the back of the leg, supplying sensation to the outer aspect of the ankle and foot.
The sural nerve is commonly used in nerve conduction studies and biopsies to evaluate peripheral nerve function and pathology.
Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the sural nerve is crucial for clinicians and researchers working in the field of neurology and neurosurgery.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the sural nerve, its anatomical location, and its clinical relevance in medical practice and research.

Most cited protocols related to «Sural Nerve»

1
Diabetic Sural Nerve Neuropathy Assessment
Sixty-five patients were enrolled (10–22 patients per site). Inclusion criteria included age 18–70 years, presence of diabetes mellitus, a sural nerve amplitude response of 1.0 µV or more and the presence of symmetrical distal DSP as defined by the modified San Antonio Criteria, in which two of symptoms, signs, abnormal nerve conduction parameters or abnormal vibration perception thresholds (VPT) were required [14 (link)]. Patients were stratified for disease severity on the basis of the TCNS in order to determine the performance of the mTCNS across the full range of disease severity [9 (link)]. Patients were excluded if they had known non-diabetic causes of neuropathy (for example, vitamin deficiencies, uraemia, thyroid disease, lumbar or cervical radiculopathy, inflammatory neuropathy or presence of alcoholism).
Bril V., Tomioka S., Buchanan R.A, & Perkins B.A. (2009). Reliability and validity of the modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabetic Medicine, 26(3), 240-246.
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Publication 2009
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic Avitaminosis Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Neuropathies Inflammation Lumbar Region Nerve Conduction Patients Radiculopathy, Cervical Sural Nerve Thyroid Diseases Transcobalamin Uremia Vibration
2
Measuring Mechanical Allodynia in Neuropathic Pain
A traditional Dixon up-down method with von Frey filaments was used to measure mechanical allodynia.16 (link),44 (link) In brief, rats were individually placed into plexiglass chambers over a mesh table and acclimated for 20 min before the onset of examination. Beginning with 2.55g, von Frey filaments in a set with logarithmically incremental stiffness (0.45, 0.75, 1.20, 2.55, 4.40, 6.10, 10.50, 15.10 g) were applied to the lateral 1/3 of right paws (in the distribution of the sural nerve) of animals prior to and up to 56 days after SNI or sham surgery and to rats that underwent no surgery but similar handling (naïve group). In addition, the tests were done on the left (uninjured) paws of the SNI animals as well. 50% withdrawal threshold was calculated as described previously.16 (link) For ketamine experiments, mechanical allodynia tests were done 1 hour or 1 day after ketamine (or saline) injection, and observers were blinded to the test conditions (ketamine vs. saline treatments).
Wang J., Goffer Y., Xu D., Tukey D.S., Shamir D.B., Eberle S.E., Zou A.H., Blanck T.J, & Ziff E.B. (2011). A Single Sub-anesthetic Dose of Ketamine Relieves Depression-like Behaviors Induced by Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Anesthesiology, 115(4), 812-821.
Publication 2011
Allodynia Animals Cytoskeletal Filaments Ketamine Mechanical Allodynia Operative Surgical Procedures Plexiglas Rattus norvegicus Saline Solution Sural Nerve
3
Neuropathic Pain Mouse Models: SNI and SNL
All procedures were approved by the Canton of Vaud’s Committee on Animal Experimentation (Switzerland), in accordance with Swiss Federal Law on Animal Welfare and International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines [51 (link)].
The spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain was previously described in rats [32 (link),52 ] and mice [36 (link)]. Briefly, adult C57BL/6 J mice (Charles River, L’Arbresle, France) were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane and after exposure of the sciatic nerve, the common peroneal and tibial nerves were ligated together with a 6.0 silk suture (Ethicon, Johnson and Johnson AG, Zug, Switzerland) and transected. In the SNI variant (SNIv(cp,t)) [36 (link)] the ligation and transection were performed on the sural nerve, leaving the common peroneal and tibial nerves intact. The incision was closed in distinct layers (muscle and skin). Sham surgery was performed similarly except for the nerve ligation and transection.
Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) surgery was adapted from the procedure described by Kim and Chung [31 (link)], and transposed to mice. Briefly, after skin and muscle incision the L5 transverse process of vertebra was exposed and carefully removed. The L4 and L5 spinal nerves were exposed and the L5 spinal nerve was tightly ligated. The incision was closed in distinct layers (muscle and skin).
Laedermann C.J., Pertin M., Suter M.R, & Decosterd I. (2014). Voltage-gated sodium channel expression in mouse DRG after SNI leads to re-evaluation of projections of injured fibers. Molecular Pain, 10, 19.
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Publication 2014
Adult Injuries Isoflurane Ligation Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Muscle Tissue Myotomy Nerve Pain Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Pain Rattus norvegicus Rivers Sciatic Nerve Silk Skin Spinal Nerves Sural Nerve Sutures Tibial Nerve Transverse Processes
4
Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnostic Criteria
Incident diabetic neuropathy was defined by clinical and electrophysiological criteria according to the consensus of the American Association of Neurology, the American Academy of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (15 (link)). Based on this consensus, incident case definition generally required the presence of electrophysiological polyneuropathy as defined by abnormality of three or more parameters in two or more nerves in combination with the presence of more than one neuropathic symptom or sign of peripheral neuropathy. This same criterion was used to both exclude the presence of diabetic neuropathy at baseline and to define incident neuropathy during follow-up.
For the electrophysiological component of incident case definition, evaluation of the unilateral median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves was performed at baseline and subsequent examinations were performed using standardized nerve conduction studies (16 (link)). These were performed using the Counterpoint instrument (Natus Medical, San Carlos, CA) according to the standards of the American Association for Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine and the Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. Low interobserver and intraobserver variabilities have been observed for these measurements using the techniques described (17 (link)). Individual nerve conduction parameters were scored as normal or abnormal according to laboratory reference values.
Perkins B.A., Orszag A., Ngo M., Ng E., New P, & Bril V. (2010). Prediction of Incident Diabetic Neuropathy Using the Monofilament Examination: A 4-year prospective study. Diabetes Care, 33(7), 1549-1554.
Publication 2010
Diabetic Neuropathies Nerve Conduction Nervousness Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Polyneuropathy Rehabilitation Study, Nerve Conduction Sural Nerve Tibia
5
Unilateral Neuropathic Pain Model in Mice
Some mice received unilateral SNI23 (link) on the left side, one day following baseline von Frey testing. Surgery was performed under isoflurane/oxygen anesthesia. We spared the sural nerve, and thus von Frey testing before and after SNI occurred on the lateral aspect of the hind paw. In one experiment conducted in a different laboratory (SB203580), mice received unilateral chronic constriction injury24 (link) (CCI) on the left side instead, and were tested with von Frey filaments aimed at the mid-plantar hind paw. In most experiments mice were retested for mechanical allodynia on day 7 post-surgery; in one experiment (shown in Fig. 1a, right side) mice were retested on day 28 post-surgery. Microglial-specific Bdnf mutants (see below) were retested 3, 7, 10 and 14 days post-surgery in the prevention experiment, and 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks post-surgery in the reversal experiment.
Sorge R.E., Mapplebeck J.C., Rosen S., Beggs S., Taves S., Alexander J.K., Martin L.J., Austin J.S., Sotocinal S.G., Chen D., Yang M., Shi X.Q., Huang H., Pillon N.J., Bilan P.J., Tu Y.S., Klip A., Ji R.R., Zhang J., Salter M.W, & Mogil J.S. (2015). Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice. Nature neuroscience, 18(8), 1081-1083.
Publication 2015
Anesthesia Cytoskeletal Filaments Isoflurane Mechanical Allodynia Mice, House Microglia Operative Surgical Procedures Oxygen SB 203580 Stenosis Sural Nerve Surgery, Day

Most recents protocols related to «Sural Nerve»

1
Comprehensive Neurological Evaluation of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
We collected the first routine blood results, VitB12-related indicators, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results of the included individuals after admission. Due to the possibility that VitB12 supplements could affect routine blood results and VitB12-related indicators, we classified blood results based on whether the individual had VitB12 supplements before being admitted.
During hospitalization, spinal or head MRI was performed by 1.5T MR devices (Magnetom H-15 and Vision; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Depending on the clinical evaluations, the spinal cord segments and the head were scanned with sagittal and axial reconstruction. The scanning sequences included T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. T1WI (repetition time/echo time: 500–550/10–15) and T2WI (repetition time/echo time: 3,000–4,000/100–120) were performed with echo train lengths of 5. Other MRI scan parameters included a 3-mm section thickness and a 1-mm scanning interval. The locations and signs of the MRI abnormalities were recorded and collected.
Electromyography (EMG) of the median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves was available for most of the patients. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, distal latency, conduction velocity, and the amplitude and conduction velocity of the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) were measured. Based on the EMGs, an experienced neurologist, and an experienced EMG technician further classified the individuals as (1) sensorimotor, motor, or sensory neuropathy; and (2) axonal damage dominant type or demyelination dominant type.
Gao H., Wang R., Zeng Y., Qin L., Cai H., Zhou D, & Chen Q. (2023). Nitrous oxide-induced neurotoxicity: Clinical characteristics and impacts on overall neurological impairments. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1132542.
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Publication 2023
Action Potentials Axon BLOOD Cerebrospinal Fluid Congenital Abnormality Demyelination Dietary Supplements ECHO protocol Electric Conductivity Electromyography Head Hospitalization Inversion, Chromosome Medical Devices MRI Scans Muscle Tissue Nerve Conduction Velocity Tests Neurologists Patients Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Spinal Cord Sural Nerve Tibia Vision Vitamin B12
2
Nerve Conduction Velocity Reference Values
The NCV data, including motor nerve conduction velocities (MCVs) and sensory nerve conduction velocities (SCVs), were collected from the results of NCS by an electromyography machine (Dantec Keypoint 9033, USA) according to standard procedure. This study used the NCS values of healthy Chinese adults (18-30 years) as normal reference values: 58.8 ± 3.3 m/s for ulnar MCV, 57.8 ± 2.58 m/s for median MCV, 49.8 ± 4.39 m/s for tibial MCV, 47.44 ± 4.65 m/s for median SCV and 46.71 ± 4.17 m/s for sural SCV (30 (link)). A Z-score was developed from every NCV value based on the following formula: Z-score = (value of the individual – mean value of the normal reference)/standard deviation of the normal reference. A composite MCV Z-score was calculated as the following formula: [(bilateral ulnar MCV Z-scores) + (bilateral median MCV Z-scores) + (bilateral tibial MCV Z-scores)]/6, a composite SCV Z-score calculated as: [(bilateral median SCV Z-scores) + (bilateral sural MCV Z-scores)]/4, and a composite MSCV Z-score calculated as the composite MCV Z-score + SCV Z-score (31 (link), 32 (link)). The main independent variables in this study were MCVs of the bilateral ulnar, median, and tibial nerves, SCVs of bilateral median and sural nerves, and composite Z-scores.
Chen X.J., Wang X.F., Pan Z.C., Zhang D., Zhu K.C., Jiang T., Kong X.K., Xie R., Sun L.H., Tao B., Liu J.M, & Zhao H.Y. (2023). Nerve conduction velocity is independently associated with bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1109322.
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Publication 2023
Adult Chinese Electromyography Nerve Conduction Velocity Tests Sural Nerve Tibia Tibial Nerve
3
Electrophysiological Recording of Cat Hindlimb Motor Units
All procedures described below were approved by The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Temple University. As described previously (Zaback et al. 2022 (link)), an adult female cat was provided atropine (0.05 mg/kg IM) and anesthetized with isoflurane (1.5–3.5% in oxygen), during which a series of surgical procedures were performed including L3 laminectomy, implantation of nerve cuffs on the tibial and sural nerve, and isolation of hindlimb muscles. Individual Myomatrix threads were implanted in hindlimb muscles using the “intramuscular” method described above. Following these procedures, a precollicular decerebration was performed and isoflurane was discontinued. Following a recovery period, the activity of hindlimb motor units were recorded in response to electrical stimulation of either the contralateral tibial nerve or the ipsilateral sural nerve.
Chung B., Zia M., Thomas K.A., Michaels J.A., Jacob A., Pack A., Williams M.J., Nagapudi K., Teng L.H., Arrambide E., Ouellette L., Oey N., Gibbs R., Anschutz P., Lu J., Wu Y., Kashefi M., Oya T., Kersten R., Mosberger A.C., O’Connell S., Wang R., Marques H., Mendes A.R., Lenschow C., Kondakath G., Kim J.J., Olson W., Quinn K.N., Perkins P., Gatto G., Thanawalla A., Coltman S., Kim T., Smith T., Binder-Markey B., Zaback M., Thompson C.K., Giszter S., Person A., Goulding M., Azim E., Thakor N., O’Connor D., Trimmer B., Lima S.Q., Carey M.R., Pandarinath C., Costa R.M., Pruszynski J.A., Bakir M, & Sober S.J. (2023). Myomatrix arrays for high-definition muscle recording. bioRxiv.
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Publication Preprint 2023
Atropine Hindlimb Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane isolation Laminectomy Muscle Tissue Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Ovum Implantation Oxygen Stimulations, Electric Sural Nerve Tibia Tibial Nerve Woman
4
Decerebrate Cat Hindlimb Motor Unit Recording
All procedures described below were approved by The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Temple University. As described previously 55 (link), an adult female cat was provided atropine (0.05 mg/kg IM) and anesthetized with isoflurane (1.5–3.5% in oxygen), during which a series of surgical procedures were performed including L3 laminectomy, implantation of nerve cuffs on the tibial and sural nerve, and isolation of hindlimb muscles. Individual Myomatrix threads were implanted in hindlimb muscles using the “intramuscular” method described above. Following these procedures, a precollicular decerebration was performed and isoflurane was discontinued. Following a recovery period, the activity of hindlimb motor units were recorded in response to electrical stimulation of either the contralateral tibial nerve or the ipsilateral sural nerve.
Chung B., Zia M., Thomas K.A., Michaels J.A., Jacob A., Pack A., Williams M.J., Nagapudi K., Teng L.H., Arrambide E., Ouellette L., Oey N., Gibbs R., Anschutz P., Lu J., Wu Y., Kashefi M., Oya T., Kersten R., Mosberger A.C., O’Connell S., Wang R., Marques H., Mendes A.R., Lenschow C., Kondakath G., Kim J.J., Olson W., Quinn K.N., Perkins P., Gatto G., Thanawalla A., Coltman S., Kim T., Smith T., Binder-Markey B., Zaback M., Thompson C.K., Giszter S., Person A., Goulding M., Azim E., Thakor N., O’Connor D., Trimmer B., Lima S.Q., Carey M.R., Pandarinath C., Costa R.M., Pruszynski J.A., Bakir M, & Sober S.J. (2023). Myomatrix arrays for high-definition muscle recording. bioRxiv.
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Publication Preprint 2023
Atropine Hindlimb Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane isolation Laminectomy Muscle Tissue Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Ovum Implantation Oxygen Stimulations, Electric Sural Nerve Tibia Tibial Nerve Woman
5
Comprehensive Nerve Conduction Evaluation
Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were performed using standard techniques (Viking Select ™, Madison, WI, USA). Motor nerve conduction examinations were performed for the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves. Measured parameters included the CMAP amplitude, distal motor latency, motor nerve conduction velocity, and minimal F-wave latency. Orthodromic sensory nerve conduction examinations were performed for the median, ulnar, superficial peroneal, and sural nerves. Examinations were performed immediately, 1 week, and 1 month after admission.
Lee E.K., Kim S., Jo N, & Sohn E. (2023). Association between hyperCKemia and axonal degeneration in Guillain–Barré syndrome. BMC Neurology, 23, 92.
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Publication 2023
Nerve Conduction Nerve Conduction Velocity Tests Physical Examination Study, Nerve Conduction Sural Nerve Tibial Nerve

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6 0 silk suture by Johnson & Johnson
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Tsa 2 neurosensory analyzer by Medoc
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The TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyzer is a diagnostic device used to measure and evaluate sensory function. It provides objective data on an individual's tactile, thermal, and vibratory sensations. The device is designed for use in various clinical settings to assess neurological and somatosensory conditions.
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6 0 silk by Johnson & Johnson
6-0 silk is a medical-grade surgical suture material made of natural silk fibers. It is a thin, monofilament suture used in delicate surgical procedures. The suture is designed to provide strength and durability while maintaining minimal tissue reaction.
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Neurothesiometer by Scientific Laboratory Supplies
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Neurothesiometer is a device used to measure the vibration perception threshold (VPT) of an individual. It applies a controlled vibration stimulus to the skin and measures the lowest level of vibration that the person can detect. This information is used to assess sensory nerve function.
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Medelec synergy by Cardinal Health
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Nicolet vikingquest by Natus
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More about "Sural Nerve"

The sural nerve, also known as the nervus suralis, is a key component of the peripheral nervous system, originating from the tibial and common peroneal nerves in the lower leg.
This sensory nerve travels down the posterior aspect of the leg, supplying innervation to the outer ankle and foot.
The sural nerve is commonly utilized in nerve conduction studies and biopsies to evaluate peripheral nerve function and pathology, making it a crucial area of focus for clinicians and researchers in neurology and neurosurgery.
Anatomically, the sural nerve can be found running along the posterior aspect of the leg, in close proximity to the Achilles tendon.
It is often accessed for nerve conduction studies and biopsies due to its superficial location and accessibility.
Commonly used tools and instruments in sural nerve assessment include the Pentobarbital sodium, 6-0 silk suture, TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyzer, Neurothesiometer, Medelec Synergy, Nicolet VikingQuest, TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyser, and H-7650.
Understanding the sural nerve's anatomy, physiology, and clinical relevance is essential for healthcare professionals working in the field of neurology and neurosurgery.
By leveraging the insights gained from the sural nerve's MeSH term description and the powerful AI-driven capabilities of PubCompare.ai, researchers and clinicians can optimize their sural nerve research, identify the best protocols and products, and advance their understanding of this crucial peripheral nerve.
With a comprehensive grasp of the sural nerve, healthcare providers can deliver more effective diagnostics and treatments, ultimately improving patient outcomes.