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> Anatomy > Body Part > Uvula

Uvula

The uvula is a small, fleshy projection that hangs down from the soft palate at the back of the mouth.
It plays a role in swallowing, speech, and breathing.
Researchers studying the uvula may use PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered tool, to optimize their research protocols.
PubCompare helps locate and compare uvula-related protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the best methods for enhanced reproducibility.
By leveraging PubCompare's AI-driven analysis, researchers can make informed decisions and advance their uvula-focused research with greater efficiency and confidence.

Most cited protocols related to «Uvula»

1
Comprehensive Vestibular Afferent Tracing Study
Cited 5 times
Brainstems with their attached cerebella were embedded in gelatin and vibratome-sectioned, both sagittally and coronally, at 100-μm-thick sections and examined by confocal microscopy. These preparations were used to verify that both the uvula and nodulus and all vestibular nuclei were completely filled with their respective tracers, leaving no false positive segregation of fibers in the peripheral endorgans. They also served as controls against false positive overlap due to local spread of the tracers between the VNC and cerebellum. Vestibular ganglia were also dissected out and examined as whole-mount preparations. Since we have bulk implantation in the brainstem, and this will likely diffuse to other cranial nerve nuclei, we examined cranial ganglia of the Vth, VIIth, IXth, and Xth cranial nerves as an indication of complete filling of the vestibular nuclear complex and beyond.
A major concern in the bulk implantation in the brainstem is the lateral spread of the tracer to the vestibular nerve root. In this case, the vestibular afferent fibers projecting to the cerebellum will be labeled from the tracer in the brainstem as well as from their respective tracer placed in the cerebellum, resulting in a false positive overlap. Since the cochlear nuclei lie lateral to and in the vicinity of the vestibular nerve root, all cochleas were examined to make sure that no retrogradely labeled cochlear afferents existed. Only cochlear efferents were labeled through the olivo-cochlear bundle from the brainstem. Preparations with labeled cochlear afferents were discarded from subsequent analysis.
Since this is the first report to use retrograde double labeling approach to study the peripheral distribution of the vestibular afferents, it is possible that the peripheral pattern could be due to difference in the physical properties of the two tracers employed. To control against this possibility, in one group, the same double labeling protocol was employed, except with reversed implantation sites. In this group, DiI was implanted in the cerebellum and Neuro Vue Maroon was implanted in the uvula and nodulus. A mirror-image reversal of colors would indicate a genuine anatomical pattern. Furthermore, a single DiI application in the brainstem in one group, and in the cerebellum in another, served as additional controls. At least 10 animals of successful tracer implantations and proper diffusions were used for analysis for each age group.
In nerve tracing experiments, the diffusion time is a crucial determinant of the outcome of the experiment. The optimal diffusion time for a given age group was determined based on a pilot experiment and our published observations (Maklad and Fritzsch 1999 , 2002 (link), 2003a (link)). However, to ensure that the distribution pattern of retrogradely labeled afferents from the brainstem and cerebellum does not change with different diffusion times, a group of P7 animals that received double implantation was examined after two different time points around our defined optimal diffusion times. In one subgroup, endorgans were examined after 3 weeks, a week earlier than our optimal diffusion time. A second subgroup was examined after 5 weeks (a week past the optimum). Furthermore, DiI and Neuro Vue have similar diffusion speeds. However, the primary vestibulo-cerebellar afferents travel a longer distance than those primary afferents projecting to the brainstem. To accommodate for the longer distance of the primary vestibulo-cerebellar afferents, in the double labeling experiment, Neuro-Vue Maroon was implanted 3 days ahead of DiI implantation in the brainstem. These 3 days of longer diffusion were determined from DiI single cerebellar implantation experiments.
Maklad A., Kamel S., Wong E, & Fritzsch B. (2010). Development and organization of polarity-specific segregation of primary vestibular afferent fibers in mice. Cell and Tissue Research, 340(2), 303-321.
Publication 2010
Age Groups Animals Brain Stem Cell Nucleus Cerebellum Cochlea Cranial Nerves Cranium Dietary Fiber Diffusion Ganglia Gelatins Microscopy, Confocal Nervousness Nuclei, Cochlear Ovum Implantation Physical Processes Scarpa's Ganglion Tooth Root Uvula Vestibular Labyrinth Vestibular Nerve Vestibular Nuclei
2
Comparative Analysis of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Oral Cancers
Cited 5 times
Tumors were classified according to site as follows: oral cavity (including tongue, buccal mucosa, gingival, hard palate, retromolar trigone and floor of mouth) vs. oropharynx (including tonsils, soft palate, uvula, oropharynx and base of tongue).
Gene expression values for the ~54,000 probe sets were first extracted from probe intensity values (CEL files) using the gcRMA algorithm. We then eliminated the probe sets that either showed no variation across the samples (inter-quartile range less than 0.1 on log2 scale) or that were expressed at very low magnitude (the maximum of the expression value across the samples is less than 3 on log 2 scale). These exclusions helped to limit the number of statistical tests applied when detecting differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. After these two filtering processes, ~21,000 probe sets remained for further analysis.
Statistical tests were carried out to compare HPV-positive and HPV-negative OSCC using a regression framework implemented in GenePlus software (http://www.enodar.com/). To control for the type I error rate, we chose to declare a particular group of genes either “upregulated/overexpressed” or “downregulated/underexpressed” based on a pre-specified Number of False Discoveries (NFD)12 (link). The choice of NFD, with an appropriate account for the number of genes under investigation (J), dictates the threshold for individual gene-specific p-values as NFD/J.
To determine whether the probe sets identified in the above analysis were up- or downregulated when compared to normal oral tissue, for each probe set we compared the mean expression values of each cancer group with those of controls using linear regression, calculating a robust estimator of variance, and accounting for the fact that multiple samples were tested for some subjects. The probe sets were then placed in order by ascending p-value, and a cutoff of 0.05 was chosen to indicate significant differences in expression.
The functional roles of the genes differentially expressed between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OSCC were assessed through the use of Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, IPA 5.0 (Ingenuity® Systems, www.ingenuity.com). The function analysis identified the biological functions by performing Fischer’s exact tests to test the null hypothesis that the set of differentially expressed genes were not representative of each biological function.
Lohavanichbutr P., Houck J., Fan W., Yueh B., Mendez E., Futran N., Doody D.R., Upton M.P., Farwell D.G., Schwartz S.M., Zhao L.P, & Chen C. (2009). Genome-wide gene expression profiles of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer: potential implications for treatment choices. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 135(2), 180-188.
Publication 2009
Biological Processes Gene Expression Genes Genes, vif Gingiva Hard Palate Malignant Neoplasms Mucosa, Mouth Neoplasms Oral Cavity Oropharynxs Palate, Soft Palatine Tonsil Sublingual Region Tissues Tongue Uvula
3
Exploring Household Vulnerabilities and Agency in Healthcare Pathways
Cited 4 times
All formal interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and later translated into English. All notes from the field and post-interview debrief were typed up and reviewed for issues to follow up in later interviews.
We worked as a team to adopt two complementary approaches to analyse the data: a narrative approach [28 (link), 29 (link)] and a thematic coding approach [30 ]. The narrative approach involved the construction of a detailed overall summary for each household, drawing on all available data, and a shorter narrative, or story. We worked with these summaries and stories to explore the overall picture of households’ pathways through care, examining household/community and health service/system influences pre- and post-admission. We investigated changes over time, and patterns of similarity and difference across households, facilitated by the construction of charts (see Table 1 for an excerpt). The thematic coding supplemented and enriched the narrative analysis. All transcriptions were coded in NVivo 10 using a coding framework based on our initial and emerging themes of interest, including treatment-seeking patterns and influences on those patterns. To support the trustworthiness of the coding process, at least two people coded each transcript, comparing results and resolving any discrepancies.

Example of Household Charts comparing themes

PIDLength of illnessLength of treatment-seekingPatterns of treatment-seekingInfluences on treatment-seekingOther influencesInfor/advice on discharge & adherence
Nature of illness and perceptions of itLevels of access to cashSocial supportHealth systems issues/referrals

Hh3

Male, with SWK, 21 months old & unknown birth weight.

Approx. 3 months pre, 2 weeks admission, 4 months post.

About 8 months:

Child occasionally gets convulsions, but the cause not clearly understood.

PRE

Health centre-Health centre-Private clinic-Private clinic-(both retirees living in the village) -Public dispensary-duka

POST

Supp Public Dispensary-Private clinic-illness continues (child still not well), duka, Public dispensary, Private clinic.

Believed uvula was causing vomiting, diarrhoea and loss of appetite. Symptoms persisted after it was traditionally cut. Afterwards, diviner diagnosed possession by some evil spirits. Later, suspecting kwashiorkor, neighbours advised mother to seek care from local health facility.

Used to walk long distances to seek care, so as to reduce costs.

Missed meals or reduced intake to help cover expenses for the child during treatment seeking.

Siblings stopped schooling during the child’s admission.

Post

Could not sustain providing nourishing food as prescribed at discharge.

Received support from relatives, neighbours and friends in different forms: advice, loans or foodstuff.

Neighbours convinced the child’s father to accept biomedical care and send funds for the same.

Took long to diagnose the problem despite several visits to local health practitioners and health facilities.

Some levels of mistrust (local hws) regarding post treatment therapy.

Couldn’t access care when needed during a health worker strike.

Sometimes had to self-medicate due to regular drug stock-outs at local facility.

Had initially been referred to a different subcounty hospital. But chose to go to KCH as was unfamiliar with that facility and town in which it is located.

Ensure child fed on nutritious food: fruits, high protein content foods-eggs, milk though couldn’t sustain.

Also, asked to observe and maintain hygiene around the child- limited water sources around her area.

We drew on both the narrative and coded data to identity forms of vulnerability of (re) admission, prolonged illness or death (intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental and structural), and agency, observed at household/community levels and in health service interactions.
Zakayo S.M., Njeru R.W., Sanga G., Kimani M.N., Charo A., Muraya K., Sarma H., Uddin M.F., Berkley J.A., Walson J.L., Kelley M., Marsh V, & Molyneux S. (2020). Vulnerability and agency across treatment-seeking journeys for acutely ill children: how family members navigate complex healthcare before, during and after hospitalisation in a rural Kenyan setting. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19, 136.
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Publication 2020
Anorexia Birth Weight Child Diagnosis Diarrhea Egg Proteins Food Friend Fruit Households Kwashiorkor Milk Mothers Patient Discharge Pharmaceutical Preparations Seizures Sibling Therapeutics Transcription, Genetic Uvula Workers
4
RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR Analysis
Cited 3 times
For RNA isolation 2–3 mm tissue slices were collected and lysed in 1 mL TRIzol® Reagent (Ambion®, Life TechnologiesTM, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and RNA was isolated as instructed by the manufacturer. RNA concentrations were determined by fluorometric measurements (Qubit, Invitrogen, Darmstadt, Germany), and RNA quality and integrity were identified by Qubit RNA IQ kit (Invitrogen). The proportion of intact RNA of total RNA isolates was at least 70%. Two micrograms of total RNA were reverse transcribed by M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase with 2 micrograms of oligo dT15 (GeneON, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany) in a ThermoQ heating and cooling block (Biozym, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany).
Specific sequences of primers used are detailed in Supplementary Table S1. The primers were synthesized by Invitrogen, Darmstadt, Germany and were used for real-time PCR utilizing the Sensifast Sybr Fluorescein Kit of Bioline (Labconsulting, Vienna, Austria) and the Bio-Rad MyiQTM (Bio-Rad, Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA) cycler according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
GAPDH was used as housekeeping gene, and relative quantities of SNAI1, SLUG, ZEB1, TWIST and KLF4 transcripts were calculated by pair-wise differences of threshold cycles (∆CT) of gene of interest and the loading control housekeeping gene [25 (link)]. According to Livak et al. [25 (link)], in the final analysis, we used the relative quantification and related the PCR signal in both HNSCC and control mucosa to a reference, which was the mean value of the control uvula samples from UPPP. The identity of the PCR products of genes discussed in this study were confirmed by Sanger sequencing by Microsynth Austria (Vienna, Austria).
Ingruber J., Savic D., Steinbichler T.B., Sprung S., Fleischer F., Glueckert R., Schweigl G., Skvortsova I.I., Riechelmann H, & Dudás J. (2021). KLF4, Slug and EMT in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells, 10(3), 539.
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Publication 2021
biozym Fluorescein Fluorometry GAPDH protein, human Genes Genes, Housekeeping isolation KLF4 protein, human Moloney Leukemia Virus Mucous Membrane Oligonucleotide Primers Oligonucleotides Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction rhein RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Slugs Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Tissues trizol Uvula
5
Airway Assessment Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy
Cited 3 times
This is a prospective, single-blinded observational study done with the clearance of Ethical Committee. Informed written consent of 260 patients of either sex, aged 18–65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologist Status I and II undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia were enrolled for the study. Uncooperative and unwilling patients, history of burns involving head and neck, trauma and airway surgeries, tumor or mass in the neck or airway, patients with restricted mobility at neck and mandible, patients with inability to sit, edentulous or need awake intubation, pregnant females, and patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥35 were excluded from the study. All patients were examined preoperatively to assess airway parameters, the day before surgery by the same anesthesiologist to avoid interobserver variability.
Height and weight were recorded and BMI calculated. Height was measured in centimeters from vertex to heel with the patient standing.
The oropharyngeal view was assessed using:

MMT:[17 (link)] Sampson and Young's modification of Mallampati test recorded oropharyngeal structures visible upon maximal mouth opening. Each patient when seated was asked to open mouth maximally and to protrude the tongue without phonation. The view was classified as Grade 0 - epiglottis visualized, Grade 1 - good visualization of palate, fauces, uvula, and tonsillar pillars, Grade 2 - pillars obscured by the base of the tongue but the soft palate, fauces, and uvula visible, Grade 3 - soft palate and base of the uvula visible, and Grade 4 - soft palate not visible

RHTMD:[18 (link)] TMD was measured from the bony point of the mentum to thyroid notch while head was fully extended and mouth closed. RHTMD was calculated as RHTMD = height (in cm)/TMD (in cm) and graded as Grade 1 <23.5 and Grade 2 ≥23.5

Upper lip bite test:[19 (link)] ULBT was done to assess the range of freedom of the mandibular movement and the architecture of the teeth concurrently. It was done by assessing the ability of the patient to touch the vermilion line of upper lip with lower incisors. This test was graded as Class 1 - If the lower incisors could bite the upper lip above the vermilion line, Class 2 - If the lower incisors could bite the upper lip below the vermilion line, and Class 3 - If the lower incisors could not bite the upper lip

IIG:[19 (link)] It was assessed by asking each patient to open the mouth to maximum extent. The distance between upper and lower incisor at the midline is measured, which is usually >3.5 cm

TMD:[15 (link)] TMD was measured from the bony point of the mentum whereas the head is fully extended and mouth closed using a rigid ruler. The distance was rounded to nearest 0.5 cm and graded as Class 1: >6.5 cm, Class 2: 6–6.5 cm, and Class 3: <6 cm

SMD:[15 (link)] SMD was measured from sternal notch to the mentum in centimeter with head fully extended on the neck with the mouth closed which is normally >12.5 cm

Horizontal length of the mandible:[15 (link)] It was measured from angle of the mandible to the mentum. A length of ≥9 cm was considered normal

Maximum range of HNM:[11 (link)] was noted as Grade 1 ≤80° or Grade 2 ≥80°. The patient was first asked to extend the head and neck fully, where a pencil was placed vertically on the forehead and then while the pencil was held firmly in position, the head and neck were flexed.

The airway assessment parameters which predicted difficult laryngoscopy are listed in Table 1.
Patients were kept nil orally for 8–10 h preoperatively. In operation theater, intravenous (IV) line was secured with 18-gauge IV cannula and Ringer's lactate infusion was started. Electrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation monitor were connected to the patient, and basal heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded. Patient was premedicated with injection glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg, injection midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, injection fentanyl 2 μcg/kg intravenously, and preoxygenated with 100% oxygen. Induction of anesthesia was done with injection propofol 2 mg/kg body weight intravenously and injection vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg IV was administered once mask ventilation confirmed. Laryngoscopy was done using Macintosh blade Size 3 or 4 by an experienced anesthesiologist who was blinded to preoperative airway assessment details, and the view was classified as per Cormack-Lehane's Scale:[20 ] Grade 1 - vocal cords visible, Grade 2 - only posterior commissure or arytenoids visible, Grade 3 - only epiglottis visible, and Grade 4 - none of the above visible without any external laryngeal manipulation.
Cormack and Lehane Grade 1 and 2 was considered as easy visualization whereas Grade 3 and 4 was considered as difficult visualization. A maximum of three attempts were allowed with conventional laryngoscope. In case of failure of first two attempts, third attempt was by another senior experienced anesthesiologist. If there was failure to intubate at third attempt, alternate measures such as use of supraglottic device, bougie was done as per the discretion of attending anesthesiologist. External laryngeal manipulation was used to improve visualization after first attempt. Use of additional gadgets/maneuvers during intubation was noted. Oxygenation was ensured in between attempts at intubation. Intubation was done with appropriate sized endotracheal tubes. Confirmation of intubation was done by bilateral auscultation of lung fields and capnography. Number of attempts at intubation was noted. Maintenance of anesthesia was done with oxygen, nitrous oxide, and isoflurane. At the end of surgery, isoflurane disconnected, and after adequate respiratory efforts, injection neostigmine and injection glycopyrrolate were administered to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Patient was extubated after adequate recovery and shifted to the postanesthesia care unit.
Shobha D., Adiga M., Rani D.D., Kannan S, & Nethra S.S. (2018). Comparison of Upper Lip Bite Test and Ratio of Height to Thyromental Distance with Other Airway Assessment Tests for Predicting Difficult Endotracheal Intubation. Anesthesia, Essays and Researches, 12(1), 124-129.
Publication 2018
Anesthesia Anesthesiologist ARID1A protein, human Arytenoid Cartilage Auscultation Blood Pressure Body Weight Bones Burns Cannula Capnography Cell Respiration Chin Craniocerebral Trauma Dental Occlusion Elective Surgical Procedures Electrocardiography Epiglottis Fentanyl Forehead General Anesthesia Glycopyrrolate Head Heel Incisor Index, Body Mass Intubation Isoflurane Lactated Ringer's Solution Lamina 3 Laryngoscopes Laryngoscopy Larynx Lung Mandible Medical Devices Midazolam Muscle Rigidity Neck Neck Injuries Neoplasms Neostigmine Neuromuscular Block Operative Surgical Procedures Oral Cavity Oropharynxs Oxide, Nitrous Oxygen Oxygen Saturation Palate Palate, Soft Palatine Tonsil Patients Phonation Pregnant Women Propofol Range of Motion, Articular Rate, Heart Respiratory Rate Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Sternum Surgery, Day Thyroid Gland Tongue Tooth Touch Uvula Vecuronium Vocal Cords

Most recents protocols related to «Uvula»

1
Anthropometric Measurements and Oropharyngeal Assessment
The height and weight of the patients were measured, and the BMI of the patients was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m2).
The neck circumference was measured with a standing patient at the middle of the neck, between the midcervical spine and the superior line of the cricothyroid membrane, and the waist circumference was measured at the level of the narrowest part of torso at the end of exhalation. The hip circumference was determined as the maximum value over the buttocks.
The FTP was assessed for each patient based on the visualization of the oropharynx [18 (link)]. The patient was evaluated with their mouth open and without the protrusion of their tongue, and they were asked to open their mouth widely with their tongue left in place; the oropharyngeal crowding was graded as follows: (1) grade 1: complete visualization of the uvula, tonsils and palatal arches; (2) grade 2: the uvula, pillars and upper pole are partially visible; (3) grade 3: only part of the soft palate is visible, as the tonsils, pillars and base of the uvula could not be seen; grade 4: only the hard palate is visible (Figure 1).
Luzzi V., Altieri F., Guaragna M., Pirro V., Marasca B., Cotticelli L., Mazur M., Di Carlo G., Di Giacomo P., Di Paolo C., Brunori M., Ierardo G., Piperno G., Magliulo G., Pace A., Iannella G., Palange P., Martini A., Pietrafesa E, & Polimeni A. (2023). Friedman Tongue Position and the Anthropometric Parameters in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3255.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Body Weight Buttocks Cricothyroid Muscle Exhaling Hard Palate Neck Oral Cavity Oropharynxs Palate, Soft Palatine Tonsil Patients Tissue, Membrane Tongue Torso Uvula Vertebral Column Vision Waist Circumference
2
Genetic Enrichment Analysis of Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate
A hypergeometric test was performed to assess whether genes relevant to nsCPO pathobiology (n = 25) preferentially achieved lower p-values (< 0.05 nominal p-values) in GCA compared to the rest of protein-coding genes. The list of genes relevant to nsCPO pathobiology was obtained by intersecting multiple lists derived from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Human Phenotype Ontology, Gene-Ontology, Genecard, and Malacard databases. OMIM and GenCards were searched by Boolean string: “cleft palate” OR “bifid uvula” OR “cleft uvula”; specific reference IDs were used in the other cases: HumanPhenotypeOntology HP:0000175, GeneOntology GO:0060021 and GO:1905748, MalaCards CLF027. The list of genes that are nominally enriched in ultra-rare variants in the nsCPO cohort was obtained by GCA to evaluate the per-gene rare variant burden in cases versus controls. In GCA, per-gene variant counts were performed in the whole cohort using an in-house Perl script. We assigned a binary variable to each subject based on absence/presence, respectively, of any number of variants per subject. The number of cases and controls with at least one variant was used to assess enrichment for ultra-rare variants in either group using Fisher’s exact test. The nominal significance level, to identify genes nominally enriched in ultra-rare variants in cases compared to controls, was 0.05.
Statistical tests were performed in R v 3.5.1. Clinical significance of ultra-rare variants was assessed by manual curation of their list according to the American College for Medical Genetics (ACMG) standards and guidelines [23 (link)], restricted to genes that had orofacial clefts in their OMIM clinical synopsis. Moreover, we investigated whether there was a significant difference in the number of ultra-rare homozygous variants due to reported consanguinity in families of Iranian nsCPO cases compared to Italian cases.
Segregation analysis in informative families was performed, when possible, by variant-site targeted PCR and Sanger sequencing, only for variants identified in genes with the nominally significant p-values from GCA.
Iovino E., Scapoli L., Palmieri A., Sgarzani R., Nouri N., Pellati A., Carinci F., Seri M., Pippucci T, & Martinelli M. (2023). Ultra-Rare Variants Identify Biological Pathways and Candidate Genes in the Pathobiology of Non-Syndromic Cleft Palate Only. Biomolecules, 13(2), 236.
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Publication 2023
Cleft Palate, Isolated Gene Products, Protein Genes Genetic Diversity Homo sapiens Homozygote Phenotype Uvula
3
Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention via Acupuncture
The primary outcomes will help determine whether aspiration pneumonia is prevented and if press needle stimulation is effective. The primary outcome is the number of cases of aspiration pneumonia during the study period. Diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia will be made by the attending physician based on the Japanese Respiratory Society Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults. The total number of diagnoses of aspiration pneumonia at the end of the study will be calculated.
Secondary outcomes will help determine whether seal acupuncture improves swallowing function and general conditions. The secondary outcomes are LTSR, fever frequency, Barthel index (BI), body mass index, general blood test results, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) results. LTSR measures the time between the insertion of an 8 Fr tube through the nasal cavity to the uvula of the palate and the initiation of swallowing after the injection of 1 mL of distilled water. Three measurements are taken and the mean value is calculated. Fever is defined as a body temperature of 37.5°C or more. The number of days with fever during the study period will be determined.
Kaneko S., Kikuchi A., Takayama S., Arita R., Ohsawa M., Kamiya T, & Ishii T. (2023). Press needle for aspiration pneumonia prevention in older adults: Study protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Medicine, 102(7), e32847.
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Publication 2023
Adult Aspiration Pneumonia Body Temperature Diagnosis Fever Hematologic Tests Index, Body Mass Japanese Mini Mental State Examination Nasal Cavity Needles Phocidae Physicians Pneumonia, Hospital Acquired Respiratory Rate Therapy, Acupuncture Uvula
4
3D Pharyngeal Airway Modeling from CBCT Scans
The object of this study was a 13-year-old boy who underwent a Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) scan at the Department of Orthodontics (Stomatological hospital, Dalian, China). The scans were retrospectively collected and used to reconstruct a 3D model of the upper airway (3D eXam; KaVo, Biberach an der Riss, Germany). The recorded scanning parameters were 120 kV and 5 mA, with a scanning time of 14.7 s. Voxel size was 0.2 mm, and each layer was scanned at a 0.2 mm interval, with 14-bit pixel depth and 13 × 17 cm field of view. The CBCT scan was exported in digital imaging and communications in medicine format for further analysis. The airway boundary was defined using a grayscale threshold from − 1024 to − 800 (approximately − 1000 Hounsfield units for air region) in Mimics 23.0 (Materialise, Belgium) that acquired a 3D segmented UA surface model, including nasopharynx, velopharynx, and soft palate within uvula, part of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx (Fig. 7). In this study, the inlets (nasal choana and oral cavity) and outlet (base of the epiglottis) were elongated to 10 mm, 2 mm, and 40 mm, respectively29 (link). This surface model was filled as a volume model for the fluid domains and a 2 mm thick airway structure for the solid domain12 (link).

Reconstruction procedure of the fluid region and pharyngeal structure with identified boundary regions. (1) Inlet of nasopharynx, (2) uvula, (3) inlet of oral cavity, (4) tonsil surface, (5) surface of the tongue base, (6) structure of nasopharynx, (7) structure of velopharynx, (8) structure of oropharynx (deformable), (9) epiglottis, (10) bottom of pharyngeal airway, (11) extension.

Chen Y., Feng X., Shi X.Q., Cai W., Li B, & Zhao Y. (2023). Computational fluid–structure interaction analysis of flapping uvula on aerodynamics and pharyngeal vibration in a pediatric airway. Scientific Reports, 13, 2013.
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Publication 2023
Choanae Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Epiglottis Hypopharynx Nasopharynx Nose Oral Cavity Oropharynxs Palate, Soft Palatine Tonsil Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharynx Radionuclide Imaging Tongue Uvula
5
Oropharyngeal Swab Collection Technique
Plain cotton swabs (Unison Narula, India) were used to collect oropharyngeal swabs. This was done by rolling the moistened swab at the posterior pharyngeal wall behind the uvula and tonsils. After collection, samples were immediately transported to the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital Microbiology Laboratory using Amies transport media (Bio Mark, India) with an ice box within two hours of collection.
Belachew T., Assefa M., Tefera Z., Fenta A, & Biset S. (2023). Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 369-378.
Publication 2023
Gossypium Oropharynxs Palatine Tonsil Pharynx Uvula

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0.1 mm glass beads by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany
The 0.1 mm glass beads are small, spherical particles made of glass with a diameter of 0.1 millimeters. They are designed for laboratory use, where their small size and uniform shape can be utilized in various applications.

More about "Uvula"

The uvula is a small, fleshy appendage that hangs from the soft palate at the back of the mouth.
This soft, pendulous structure plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including swallowing, speech, and breathing.
Researchers studying the uvula may utilize cutting-edge tools like PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered platform, to optimize their research protocols.
PubCompare helps researchers locate and compare uvula-related protocols from the existing literature, preprints, and patents.
By leveraging PubCompare's AI-driven analysis, researchers can identify the best methods for enhanced reproducibility and make informed decisions to advance their uvula-focused research with greater efficiency and confidence.
The uvula, also known as the palatine uvula or palatal uvula, is composed of soft connective tissue and muscle.
It works in conjunction with the soft palate, tongue, and other structures to facilitate swallowing and speech production.
Anatomically, the uvula is situated at the posterior midline of the soft palate, just above the throat.
Researchers studying the uvula may employ various techniques and methodologies, such as Ion Amplification Library Preparation – Fusion Method, Qiaquick spin-columns, Ion 520 sequencing kits, IQ Supermix, DFC360 FX, 520 size chips, C1000 thermocycler, Ion Xpress Barcode, PowerBead tubes, and 0.1 mm glass beads, to gain a deeper understanding of its structure, function, and clinical relevance.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai and these cutting-edge tools and techniques, researchers can optimize their uvula-related protocols, enhance reproducibility, and drive advancements in our understanding of this fascinating anatomical structure and its role in human physiology and health.