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Pleural Cavity
Pleural Cavity
The pleural cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura, which line the thoracic wall and lung surfaces, respectively.
This space normally contains a small amount of pleural fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly during respiration.
Disorders affecting the pleural cavity, such as pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and pleural thickening, can have significant clinical implications and impact respiratory function.
Optimizing research protocols for investigating pleural cavity pathologies is crucial for advancing our understanding and management of these conditions.
This space normally contains a small amount of pleural fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly during respiration.
Disorders affecting the pleural cavity, such as pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and pleural thickening, can have significant clinical implications and impact respiratory function.
Optimizing research protocols for investigating pleural cavity pathologies is crucial for advancing our understanding and management of these conditions.
Most cited protocols related to «Pleural Cavity»
Acclimatization
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Aorta
Cefazolin
Chest
Chest Tubes
Coarctation, Aortic
Homo sapiens
Intubation, Intratracheal
Isoflurane
Ketamine
Ligature
Males
Muscle Tissue
New Zealand Rabbits
Operative Surgical Procedures
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Patients
physiology
Pleural Cavity
Pneumothorax
Rabbits
Silk
Stainless Steel
Sterility, Reproductive
Sternum
Suction Drainage
Sutures
Syringes
Thoracic Aorta
Thoracotomy
Tissues
Vicryl
Xylazine
Cells
Chest
Chlorhexidine
Cytological Techniques
Diagnosis
Drainage
Echocardiography
Edema
Ethics Committees, Research
Flow Cytometry
Glucose
Head
Inpatient
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Light
Lung
Lymphoma
Malignant Neoplasms
Operative Surgical Procedures
Outpatients
Paracentesis
Patients
Pleura
Pleural Cavity
Pleural Effusion
Pneumothorax
Proteins
Radiography, Thoracic
Radiologist
Respiratory Diaphragm
Skin
Sterility, Reproductive
Therapeutics
Thoracentesis
Ultrasonics
Wall, Chest
X-Rays, Diagnostic
One hundred and thirty male (6–8 weeks old) C57BL/6 mice (obtained from Laboratory Animal Center of Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo) were acclimatized for 1 week. All animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the University Ethics Committee (CEUA/CAPPesq).
Animals were anesthetized using 35 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride (Cristalia, Brazil) and 5 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride (Bayer, Brazil) prior to all procedures. The right chest was cleansed with an alcohol solution (Rioquimica, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The intrapleural injection was performed using a 23-gauge needle attached to a 1-mL syringe containing the solution of cells which was introduced into the chest cavity at 1 cm lateral to the right parasternal line. The plunger of the syringe was removed and the needle was slowly advanced until it reached the pleural space, where the sub-atmospheric intrapleural pressure allowed the fluid to enter the pleural cavity spontaneously. The mice were monitored after the procedure until they were completely recovered.
Three groups of 40 mice each received concentrations of LLC at 0.1, 0.5 or 1.5 × 105 cells intrapleurally. These animals were subdivided into two groups; the first (30 animals per concentration of cells) were euthanized after 7, 14 or 21 days and the second group (10 animals per concentration of cells) were evaluated for survival expectancy. A control group of 10 animals received saline solution intrapleurally.
Mice were killed according to the study calendar; the abdominal wall was opened and the viscera were retracted to visualize the diaphragm. Pleural fluid (PF), when present, was gently aspirated and the volume was measured and placed in tubes for evaluation.
Animals were anesthetized using 35 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride (Cristalia, Brazil) and 5 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride (Bayer, Brazil) prior to all procedures. The right chest was cleansed with an alcohol solution (Rioquimica, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The intrapleural injection was performed using a 23-gauge needle attached to a 1-mL syringe containing the solution of cells which was introduced into the chest cavity at 1 cm lateral to the right parasternal line. The plunger of the syringe was removed and the needle was slowly advanced until it reached the pleural space, where the sub-atmospheric intrapleural pressure allowed the fluid to enter the pleural cavity spontaneously. The mice were monitored after the procedure until they were completely recovered.
Three groups of 40 mice each received concentrations of LLC at 0.1, 0.5 or 1.5 × 105 cells intrapleurally. These animals were subdivided into two groups; the first (30 animals per concentration of cells) were euthanized after 7, 14 or 21 days and the second group (10 animals per concentration of cells) were evaluated for survival expectancy. A control group of 10 animals received saline solution intrapleurally.
Mice were killed according to the study calendar; the abdominal wall was opened and the viscera were retracted to visualize the diaphragm. Pleural fluid (PF), when present, was gently aspirated and the volume was measured and placed in tubes for evaluation.
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
Atmospheric Pressure
Cells
Chest
Ethanol
Ethics Committees
Faculty
Ketamine Hydrochloride
Males
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mus
Needles
Pleura
Pleural Cavity
Saline Solution
Syringes
Thoracic Cavity
Vaginal Diaphragm
Viscera
Wall, Abdominal
Xylazine Hydrochloride
Participants perform chest drain insertion on an accordingly prepared porcine model during the second training session. Performance is videotaped and rated by two different raters on-site using the modified OSATS tool for chest drain insertion (Table 1 ). The raters are blinded to the training status of the participants. An additional video-based evaluation is performed by a blinded rater according to the same scoring tool. The modified OSATS for chest drain insertion was evaluated in a pilot study and showed good construct validity for distinction between experience levels. Unblinding of raters or employees involved in data analysis and interpretation is not intended. To prevent selection bias, baseline characteristics including age, year of studies, previous experience, gender and hobbies will be compared. Baseline testing on a porcine model is not performed as the hypothesis is that the proposed curriculum, consisting of multimedia training material only, will directly improve performance. The aim of the training curriculum and study is to prepare novices for their first performance of chest drain placement. Baseline testing on a real model could disguise the effect of the training curriculum.
Objective structured assessment of the technical skills score for chest tube insertion
| Correct identification of incision location | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Correct plane of dissection subcutaneously | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Blunt dissection on top side of rib | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Scissors/clamp guarded with other hand during dissection and pulled out without closing the instrument | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Digital exploration of pleural cavity on chest wall to rule out adhesions | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Drain guarded with hand while being inserted | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Drain inserted into pleural cavity | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Estimate made of drain length | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Economy of time and motion | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Amount of help/assistance needed from tutor | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Axilla
Chest Tubes
Dissection
Fingers
Gender
Movement
Pigs
Pleura
Pleural Cavity
Wall, Chest
Wrist Joint
Each animal was sedated, anesthetized, and intubated at the animal research laboratory. The anesthesia was maintained with a continuous infusion of fentanyl and propofol. A transport respirator (Oxylog 3000, Dräger Medical, Lübeck, Germany) was used and adjusted to a tidal volume of 11 to 15 mL/kg, a respiratory rate of 10 to 12 breaths/min, a positive end expiratory pressure of 2 to 4 cm H2O, and an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 30%, to keep the end-tidal carbon dioxide level within the normal range (4 to 6.5 KPa). All animals were monitored with electrocardiogram, core temperature, invasive arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and end-tidal carbon dioxide level. The hair on the animals’ chests was removed using an electrical shaver, and a 10-cm three-way stopcock catheter (BD Connecta, BD Medical, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was inserted into the pleural space through a small thoracotomy at the crossing of the fifth to seventh intercostals and anterior axillary line (Figure 1 ). This catheter was chosen because it was invisible on the CXRs. The surgical incision was closed by subcutaneous and cutaneous stitches. The PTX in each pig was created by 10 consecutive insufflations of air over 1 minute using a 50-mL syringe (Omnifix, B. Braun Medical, Melsungen, Germany) connected to the catheter. The three-way stopcock catheter was closed after each injection so no air escaped and the syringe refilled with air. At the radiology department, the animals were fixed in the supine position on a CT table. At the conclusion of data collection, each animal was euthanized with an injection of phenobarbital.
Anesthesia
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
Axilla
Carbon dioxide
Catheters
Chest
Electricity
Electrocardiography
Fentanyl
Hair
Inhalation
Insufflation
Mechanical Ventilator
Oxygen
Oxygen Saturation
Phenobarbital
Pleural Cavity
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
Propofol
Respiratory Rate
Skin
Surgical Wound
Syringes
Thoracotomy
Tidal Volume
X-Rays, Diagnostic
Most recents protocols related to «Pleural Cavity»
The AI-Rad solely analyzes the posterior-anterior (p.a.) view of chest X-ray images and creates secondary capture DICOM objects reporting on the results of the analysis. Each finding is marked on a copy of the analyzed X-ray image and listed in a table. Additionally, the AI-Rad provides a “confidence score” (CS) on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high) for each finding, which expresses the algorithm´s certainty for the presence of that particular finding. The manufacturer has preset the AI-Rad only to report findings with a CS ≥ 6, whilst findings with a CS ≤ 5 are not displayed.
The AI-Rad (version VA23A) is designed to detect five specific radiographic findings: Pulmonary lesions, consolidation, atelectasis, pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Pulmonary lesions, as defined by the AI-Rad, include lung nodules (rounded or oval opacities < 3 cm in diameter) and lung masses (pulmonary, pleural or mediastinal lesions > 3 cm in diameter). To detect pneumothoraces, the AI-Rad screens for radiographic signs suggestive of air in the pleural space. Likewise, the AI-Rad screens for radiographic signs suggestive of fluid in the pleural space for the detection of pleural effusions. Atelectasis are defined as increased opacities accompanied by volume loss, which, in turn, can be an abnormal displacement of fissures, bronchi, vessels, the diaphragm, or the mediastinum. The AI-Rad defines consolidations as increased parenchymal attenuation. This definition includes homogeneous increases of parenchymal attenuation (consolidation) that obscures pulmonary vessels and bronchi as well as hazy increases of parenchymal attenuation (ground glass opacity) that do not obscure pulmonary vessels and bronchi.
The AI-Rad (version VA23A) is designed to detect five specific radiographic findings: Pulmonary lesions, consolidation, atelectasis, pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Pulmonary lesions, as defined by the AI-Rad, include lung nodules (rounded or oval opacities < 3 cm in diameter) and lung masses (pulmonary, pleural or mediastinal lesions > 3 cm in diameter). To detect pneumothoraces, the AI-Rad screens for radiographic signs suggestive of air in the pleural space. Likewise, the AI-Rad screens for radiographic signs suggestive of fluid in the pleural space for the detection of pleural effusions. Atelectasis are defined as increased opacities accompanied by volume loss, which, in turn, can be an abnormal displacement of fissures, bronchi, vessels, the diaphragm, or the mediastinum. The AI-Rad defines consolidations as increased parenchymal attenuation. This definition includes homogeneous increases of parenchymal attenuation (consolidation) that obscures pulmonary vessels and bronchi as well as hazy increases of parenchymal attenuation (ground glass opacity) that do not obscure pulmonary vessels and bronchi.
A-A-1 antibiotic
Atelectasis
Blood Vessel
Bronchi
Chest
Lung
Mediastinum
Pleura, Visceral
Pleural Cavity
Pleural Effusion
Pneumothorax
Respiratory Diaphragm
X-Rays, Diagnostic
Pneumonia was diagnosed with chest radiography, and interpretation was accepted as written in the medical charts of patients, reporting either lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, and empyema with or without pneumothorax. These reports are aligned to the WHO Standard for reporting chest radiographs in which there is presence of a dense or fluffy opacity that occupies a portion or whole of a lobe or of the entire lung, presence of fluid in the lateral pleural space between the lung and chest wall, or both.10 ,11 (link)The endpoints were number of pneumonia hospitalizations and deaths among children 3–24-month-old. The proportion of pneumonia hospitalizations was calculated before and after vaccination periods. The case-fatality rates were calculated from the deaths among the pneumonia admissions.
Bronchopneumonia
Child
Empyema
Hospitalization
Lobar Pneumonia
Lung
Patients
Pleural Cavity
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Radiography, Thoracic
Vaccination
Wall, Chest
The study protocol and amendments were approved by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Institutional Review Board (IRB# 12-169, NCT01766739). All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study, and all response and toxicity outcomes were documented. Patients were enrolled in groups of three and individually assessed for safety and dose-limiting toxicity. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed in the protocol (Supplementary Material
Diagnosis
Instillation, Drug
Malignant Neoplasms
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Patients
Pleural Cavity
Safety
Eligible patients were admitted into the hospital for treatment on protocol. The pleural effusion was drained via insertion of a chest tube or pleural catheter (PleurX™ Catheter, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ). A chest CT scan was performed to document drainage of the effusion and to assess the extent of pleural disease. Within 72 hours of the CT scan, the virus was instilled as a bolus into the pleural space via the chest tube or pleural catheter. Up to 150 ml of additional saline was used to flush the chest tube or pleural catheter to ensure that all the treatment drug was instilled into the pleural space. The chest tube or pleural catheter was left clamped for 4 hours (+/- 1 hour), after which it was reopened and placed to drainage in order to drain the pleural space. As dictated by the patient’s clinical status, the chest tube was either left inserted or removed until the surgical procedure (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS) was performed 2-7 days after treatment to collect MPE and obtain pleural biopsy.
Aftercare
Biopsy
Catheters
Chest
Chest Tubes
Drainage
Flushing
Operative Surgical Procedures
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pleura
Pleural Cavity
Pleural Diseases
Pleural Effusion
Saline Solution
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
Treatment Protocols
Virus
X-Ray Computed Tomography
BM and spleen were processed as previously described (Rothaeusler and Baumgarth, 2006 (link)). All buffers used for staining were azide free. Briefly, BM was harvested by injecting staining media through the marrow cavity of a long bone, and a single-cell suspension was made by pipette agitation and filtering through a 70-μm nylon mesh. A single-cell suspension of the spleen was made by grinding the tissue between the frosted ends of two microscope slides and filtered through a 70-μm nylon mesh. All samples were then treated with ACK lysis buffer (Rothaeusler and Baumgarth, 2006 (link)), refiltered through nylon mesh, and suspended in staining media. Peritoneal/pleural cavity cells were obtained using staining media flushed into and then aspirated from the peritoneal and pleural cavities with a glass pipette and bulb or a plastic pipette (Molecular Bio Products, Inc.). Trypan Blue exclusion dye was performed on all samples to identify live cells using a hemocytometer or an automated cell counter (Nexcelom Bioscience). Cells were blocked with anti-FcR (2.4.G2), washed, and stained with fluorescent antibodies (Table S2 ).
PtC-containing liposomes were generously provided by Aaron Kantor (Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA). Dead cells were identified using Live/Dead Fixable Aqua or Live/Dead Fixable Violet stain (Invitrogen). Fluorescently labeled cells were read on either a four-laser, 22-parameter LSR Fortessa (BD Bioscience), or a five-laser, 30-parameter Symphony (BD Bioscience). FACS-sorting was done using a three-laser FACSAria (BD Bioscience) equipped with a 100-μm nozzle at low pressure to avoid PC death. Data were analyzed using FlowJo software (FlowJo LLC, kind gift of Adam Treister, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA). Peritoneal B-1 cells are identified as Dump− (CD4, CD8a, Nk1.1, F4/80, Gr-1), CD23−, and CD19hi. Splenic CD4+ T cells were identified as Dump− (CD19, CD8a, NK1.1, F4/80, Gr-1, TCRγδ, CD138), CD3+, and CD4+. BM and spleen B-1 cells are identified as Dump−, CD23− C43+, IgD−, IgM+, and CD19hi; and B-1PC are identified as Dump−, CD23− C43+, IgD−, IgM+, CD19lo/− and Blimp-1; and/or CD138+. FACSAria-sorted cells for adoptive transfer had a purity of >98% for peritoneal B-1 cells and peritoneal cells depleted of B-1 cells and> 99% for splenic CD4 T cells.
PtC-containing liposomes were generously provided by Aaron Kantor (Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA). Dead cells were identified using Live/Dead Fixable Aqua or Live/Dead Fixable Violet stain (Invitrogen). Fluorescently labeled cells were read on either a four-laser, 22-parameter LSR Fortessa (BD Bioscience), or a five-laser, 30-parameter Symphony (BD Bioscience). FACS-sorting was done using a three-laser FACSAria (BD Bioscience) equipped with a 100-μm nozzle at low pressure to avoid PC death. Data were analyzed using FlowJo software (FlowJo LLC, kind gift of Adam Treister, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA). Peritoneal B-1 cells are identified as Dump− (CD4, CD8a, Nk1.1, F4/80, Gr-1), CD23−, and CD19hi. Splenic CD4+ T cells were identified as Dump− (CD19, CD8a, NK1.1, F4/80, Gr-1, TCRγδ, CD138), CD3+, and CD4+. BM and spleen B-1 cells are identified as Dump−, CD23− C43+, IgD−, IgM+, and CD19hi; and B-1PC are identified as Dump−, CD23− C43+, IgD−, IgM+, CD19lo/− and Blimp-1; and/or CD138+. FACSAria-sorted cells for adoptive transfer had a purity of >98% for peritoneal B-1 cells and peritoneal cells depleted of B-1 cells and
2'-deoxyuridylic acid
Adoptive Immunotherapy
Azides
Bone Marrow
Buffers
CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes
Cells
Dental Caries
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
gamma-delta T-Cell Receptor
Liposomes
Medulla Oblongata
Microscopy
Nylons
Peritoneum
Pleural Cavity
PRDM1 protein, human
Pressure
SDC1 protein, human
Spleen
Stains
Tissues
Trypan Blue
Viola
Top products related to «Pleural Cavity»
Sourced in United States, Austria, Germany
The SpectraMax Paradigm is a multi-mode microplate reader that can perform a variety of spectroscopic measurements. It is capable of absorbance, fluorescence, and luminescence detection. The SpectraMax Paradigm is designed to provide accurate and reliable data for a wide range of applications in life science research and drug discovery.
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HEPES is a buffering agent commonly used in cell culture and biochemical applications. It maintains a stable pH within a physiological range and is compatible with a variety of biological systems.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
RBC lysis buffer is a solution used to selectively lyse or break down red blood cells (RBCs) in a sample. It is commonly used in immunology and flow cytometry applications to remove RBCs and enrich the white blood cell population for further analysis.
The Casey TT counter is a laboratory equipment device designed for counting total cells or viable cells. It utilizes a Coulter principle-based measurement technique to determine the number and size distribution of particles, including cells, within a sample.
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Hyaluronidase is an enzyme used in laboratory settings. It functions by breaking down hyaluronic acid, a component of the extracellular matrix.
Sourced in Japan, United States, Italy, Germany, China
The BX63 microscope by Olympus is a high-performance optical microscope designed for advanced research applications. It features a sturdy and durable construction, providing a stable platform for precise imaging and analysis. The BX63 employs advanced optical components, ensuring exceptional image quality and resolution. Its core function is to enable detailed observation and examination of specimens across a wide range of scientific disciplines.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The 6-0 silk suture is a sterile, non-absorbable surgical suture material manufactured by Johnson & Johnson. It is composed of natural silk fibers and is commonly used in ophthalmic, cardiovascular, and other delicate surgical procedures where precise suturing is required.
Sourced in Germany, United States, Canada
Anti-biotin microbeads are a type of magnetic particle designed for the isolation and enrichment of biotin-labeled cells, proteins, or other biomolecules. These microbeads are coated with an anti-biotin antibody, which binds to the biotin label, allowing the target molecule to be separated from the rest of the sample using a magnetic field.
Sourced in United States
The Avalight-HAL-S is a compact and versatile light source designed for laboratory and industrial applications. It features a halogen lamp that provides a broad range of wavelengths, making it suitable for various spectroscopic and illumination purposes. The Avalight-HAL-S is designed to be easy to use and integrate into existing setups.
Sourced in Japan
The LTF-240 is a laboratory equipment product from Olympus. It is a general-purpose device designed for various applications in research and scientific settings. The LTF-240 performs core functions necessary for common laboratory tasks, but a detailed description of its specific capabilities is not available at this time.
More about "Pleural Cavity"
The pleural cavity, also known as the pleural space, is a crucial anatomical region located between the parietal pleura (lining the thoracic wall) and the visceral pleura (covering the lungs).
This potential space normally contains a small amount of pleural fluid, which acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly during respiration.
Disorders affecting the pleural cavity, such as pleural effusions (abnormal fluid buildup), pneumothorax (air leakage), and pleural thickening, can have significant clinical implications and impact respiratory function.
Optimizing research protocols for investigating these pleural cavity pathologies is crucial for advancing our understanding and management of these conditions.
When conducting research on the pleural cavity, scientists may utilize various tools and techniques, including the SpectraMax Paradigm microplate reader for fluid analysis, HEPES buffer for cell culture, RBC lysis buffer for sample preparation, the Casey TT counter for cell counting, hyaluronidase for tissue digestion, the BX63 microscope for detailed imaging, 6-0 silk suture for surgical procedures, anti-biotin microbeads for cell separation, the Avalight-HAL-S for illumination, and the LTF-240 for fluid flow analysis.
By incorporating these research tools and techniques, along with a deep understanding of the pleural cavity's anatomy and physiology, researchers can develop robust protocols to study the underlying mechanisms of pleural disorders, explore novel treatment approaches, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in pleural cavity research is crucial for driving progress in this important field of study.
This potential space normally contains a small amount of pleural fluid, which acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly during respiration.
Disorders affecting the pleural cavity, such as pleural effusions (abnormal fluid buildup), pneumothorax (air leakage), and pleural thickening, can have significant clinical implications and impact respiratory function.
Optimizing research protocols for investigating these pleural cavity pathologies is crucial for advancing our understanding and management of these conditions.
When conducting research on the pleural cavity, scientists may utilize various tools and techniques, including the SpectraMax Paradigm microplate reader for fluid analysis, HEPES buffer for cell culture, RBC lysis buffer for sample preparation, the Casey TT counter for cell counting, hyaluronidase for tissue digestion, the BX63 microscope for detailed imaging, 6-0 silk suture for surgical procedures, anti-biotin microbeads for cell separation, the Avalight-HAL-S for illumination, and the LTF-240 for fluid flow analysis.
By incorporating these research tools and techniques, along with a deep understanding of the pleural cavity's anatomy and physiology, researchers can develop robust protocols to study the underlying mechanisms of pleural disorders, explore novel treatment approaches, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in pleural cavity research is crucial for driving progress in this important field of study.