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> Anatomy > Body Substance > Calculi

Calculi

Calculi are solid concretions or crystalline formations found in the body, typically in the urinary tract, gallbladder, or other organs.
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Most cited protocols related to «Calculi»

1
Benchmarking STRUCTURE against DAPC in population genetics
We used STRUCTURE [1 (link),2 (link)] as a benchmark for the performance of DAPC. We analysed all simulated datasets with STRUCTURE v2.1, using the admixture model with correlated allele frequencies to determine the optimal number of genetic clusters and to assign individuals to groups. Computations were performed on the computer resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit at Cornell University (http://cbsuapps.tc.cornell.edu/). For each run, results were based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) of 100,000 steps, of which the first 20,000 were discarded as burn-in. Analyses were ran with numbers of clusters (k) ranging from 1 to 8 for the island and hierarchical island models (Figure 2a-b), from 1 to 15 for the hierarchical stepping stone (Figure 2c), and from 1 to 30 for the stepping stone (Figure 2d). Ten runs were performed for each k value. We employed the approach of Evanno et al. [57 (link)] to assess the optimal number of clusters. In order to assess assignment success, STRUCTURE was run by enforcing k to its true value. Individuals were assigned to clusters using CLUMPP 1.1.2 [58 (link)], which allows to account for the variability in individual membership probabilities across the different runs. To obtain results comparable to DAPC, individuals were assigned to the cluster to which they had the highest probability to belong.
Jombart T., Devillard S, & Balloux F. (2010). Discriminant analysis of principal components: a new method for the analysis of genetically structured populations. BMC Genetics, 11, 94.
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Publication 2010
1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Calculi Gene Clusters MLL protein, human
2
Estimating Effective Migration Rates
EEMS uses a population genetic model that involves migration on an undirected graph G = (V,E) with vertices (demes) V connected by edges E. The graph G is a regular triangular grid, which is fixed and embedded in a two-dimensional plane, so that each deme has a known location and only neighboring demes are directly connected (Figure 1b). The density of the grid is pre-specified by the user and depends on both computational considerations – computational complexity scales cubically with the number of vertices – and the resolution of the available spatial data.
The EEMS model has migration parameters m and diversity parameters q, where m = {me: e ∈E} specifies an effective migration rate on every edge and q = {qv: v ∈V} specifies an effective diversity rate for every deme. Intuitively, the migration rates m characterize the genetic dissimilarities between distinct demes, while the diversity rates q characterize the genetic dissimilarities between distinct individuals from the same deme. The EEMS model is a special case of the general stepping stone model 28 (link), which allows directed migration as well as migration between demes that are not located close in space.
We use Bayesian inference to estimate the EEMS parameters m and q. Its key components are the likelihood, which measures how well the parameters explain the observed data, and the prior, which captures the expectation that m and q have some spatial structure (in particular, the idea that nearby edges will tend to have similar migration rates).
Petkova D., Novembre J, & Stephens M. (2015). Visualizing spatial population structure with estimated effective migration surfaces. Nature genetics, 48(1), 94-100.
Publication 2015
2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether Calculi Ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and macular dystrophy Reproduction
3
Developing a Pediatric Social Health Scale
PROMIS methodology was used to create potential items for a pediatric social health scale. This methodology has been described in detail elsewhere and is summarized briefly here (DeWalt, Rothrock, Yount, & Stone, 2007 (link)). After the subdomains were defined, the next step was to identify and compile social health items from existing scales. Content experts categorized items as measuring social function or sociability. Items were eliminated that were redundant, vague, confusing, or disease specific. New items were written to ensure that there were items that measured a range of functioning across the construct. For example, the research team created items in areas that were not well represented in existing scales, such as social functioning in school and activities as well as with peers and family.
Focus groups provided additional input on domain coverage (Walsh et al., 2008 (link)) and individual items, and response options were reviewed in cognitive interviews with children in the target age range (including at least two children under age nine; Irwin et al., 2009 (link)). During cognitive interviews, children were asked to complete sets of items and then debrief on what the items meant to them and what information they used to answer the item. Cognitive interviews also covered the response options and time frames of items to ensure they made sense to the children. Items were revised as needed after the cognitive interviews and then underwent further cognitive review. Cognitive interviews were also conducted with items derived from existing scales that passed the selection process. These items were included in the final testing pool only if permission was granted from the developer.
There were initially 74 social health items classified as either social function (53 items) or sociability (21 items). All items included the context statement “In the past 7 days,” a statement in the past tense (e.g., “I was able to have fun with my friends”), and a standard 5-point set of response options: never, almost never, sometimes, often, and almost always.
DeWalt D.A., Thissen D., Stucky B.D., Langer M.M., DeWitt E.M., Irwin D.E., Lai J.S., Yeatts K.B., Gross H.E., Taylor O, & Varni J.W. (2013). PROMIS Pediatric Peer Relationships Scale: Development of a Peer Relationships Item Bank as Part of Social Health Measurement. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 32(10), 10.1037/a0032670.
Publication 2013
Calculi Child Cognition Friend Reading Frames
4
Platelet Activation by Dynamic Shear Stress

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2010
Adult Aluminum Biological Assay BLOOD Blood Platelet Disorders Blood Platelets Calculi Deceleration Dextran Donors Electricity Ethics Committees, Research Gel Chromatography Hemodynamics Human Volunteers Medical Devices physiology Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelet Activation Sepharose Systole Thromboplastin Torque Viscosity Voluntary Workers
5
Estimating Effective Migration Rates
EEMS uses a population genetic model that involves migration on an undirected graph G = (V,E) with vertices (demes) V connected by edges E. The graph G is a regular triangular grid, which is fixed and embedded in a two-dimensional plane, so that each deme has a known location and only neighboring demes are directly connected (Figure 1b). The density of the grid is pre-specified by the user and depends on both computational considerations – computational complexity scales cubically with the number of vertices – and the resolution of the available spatial data.
The EEMS model has migration parameters m and diversity parameters q, where m = {me: e ∈E} specifies an effective migration rate on every edge and q = {qv: v ∈V} specifies an effective diversity rate for every deme. Intuitively, the migration rates m characterize the genetic dissimilarities between distinct demes, while the diversity rates q characterize the genetic dissimilarities between distinct individuals from the same deme. The EEMS model is a special case of the general stepping stone model 28 (link), which allows directed migration as well as migration between demes that are not located close in space.
We use Bayesian inference to estimate the EEMS parameters m and q. Its key components are the likelihood, which measures how well the parameters explain the observed data, and the prior, which captures the expectation that m and q have some spatial structure (in particular, the idea that nearby edges will tend to have similar migration rates).
Petkova D., Novembre J, & Stephens M. (2015). Visualizing spatial population structure with estimated effective migration surfaces. Nature genetics, 48(1), 94-100.
Publication 2015
2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether Calculi Ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and macular dystrophy Reproduction

Most recents protocols related to «Calculi»

1
Methionine Reduction for Cystinuria Treatment
Not available on PMC !

Example 14

Cystinuria is a genetic disorder of amino acid import in the kidney characterized by excessive excretion of cystine, and dibasic amino acids (ornitihine, lysine, and arginine) in the urine, and cystine stone formation in the urinary tract.

The potential of a methionine consuming strain described herein to treat, prevent, or reduce cystinuria was evaluated by analyzing the effect of a methionine restricted diet in a Slc3a1 knockout (KO) mouse model for cystinuria. Slc3a1 KO mice were subjected to a reduction in the methionine content of diet from the standard 0.62% to 0.12% for eight weeks, and cysteine as well as cystine levels in urine and plasma, and stone formation in the bladder were evaluated according to a scheme shown in FIG. 23.

Cystine stone formation was not observed in any of the twelve mice on the low-methionine diet. In contrast, bladder stones were observed in nine out of twelve mice (75%) on the 0.62% diet. Time of stone formation ranged from 2-8 weeks following diet treatment.

These data suggest that a treatment resulting in a reduction in plasma or urinary methionine, e.g., administration of a methionine-consuming strain described herein, is a promising approach for the treatment of cystinuria.

US11859189B2. Recombinant bacteria engineered to treat diseases associated with methionine metabolism and methods of use thereof (2024-01-02). Synlogic Operating Company, Inc. [US], Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Dylan Alexander Carlin [US], Vincent M. Isabella [US], Jonathan McMurry [US], Theodore Carlton Moore, III [US], Mylene Perreault [US], Nathan Schmidt [US], Mark Simon [US].
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Patent 2024
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Amino Acids, Diamino Arginine Calculi Calculus, Bladder Cysteine Cystine Cystinuria Diet Dietary Restriction Genes, vif Kidney Lysine Methionine Mice, Knockout Mus Plasma Strains Urinary Calculi Urine
2
Gender-Based Violence Prevention Across Contexts
The studies included in this pooled analysis were conducted under the UK-Aid funded What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls? Global Programme (What Works). The primary goal of What Works was to advance the evidence base on the prevalence and drivers of VAWG, and the effectiveness and costs of interventions to prevent VAWG. The current study uses the baseline data from 8104 men and 6545 women from six VAWG prevention studies in four countries (South Africa, Ghana, Rwanda, and Afghanistan) to assess the association between food insecurity and IPV and NPSV perpetration among men and experience among women (Table 1). These studies were the evaluations of the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention (SSCF) (South Africa) [21 (link)], the Sonke Change intervention (South Africa) [22 (link)], Rural Response System (RRS) community intervention (Ghana) [23 (link)], Indashyikirwa couples intervention (Rwanda) [24 (link)] with accompanying evaluation for Indashyikirwa community-level impact (Rwanda) [25 (link)] and the Women For Women International (WFWI) Intervention (Afghanistan) [26 (link)]. The two South African studies were located in areas with very limited infrastructure, considerable informal housing and high levels of material deprivation. The studies in Rwanda, Ghana and Afghanistan were conducted in rural communities and small towns (Ghana). Women in the Afghan study were known to be more resource-poor when invited to participate.
Jewkes R., Chirwa E., Alangea D.O., Addo-Lartey A., Christofides N., Dunkle K., Ramsoomar L, & Gibbs A. (2023). Pooled analysis of the association between food insecurity and violence against women: Evidence from low- and middle-income settings. Journal of Global Health, 13, 04021.
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Publication 2023
Calculi Rural Communities Southern African People Woman
3
Mung Bean Powder Preparation Protocol
Coarse mung bean powder (UGMB) was prepared from whole seed mung beans with a moisture content of 7% by crushing machine. The mung bean variety, Bahaxibo, was purchased from Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Mung beans were cleaned prior to coarse crushing (free from possible dust, grains, stones, insects etc.), All chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Yu S., Wu Y., Li Z., Wang C., Zhang D, & Wang L. (2023). Effect of different milling methods on physicochemical and functional properties of mung bean flour. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1117385.
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Publication 2023
Calculi Cereals Insecta Powder Vigna radiata
4
Evaluating Surface Roughness Effects on Bicycle
The outdoor experiments were conducted on the one hand on a cobblestone road surface (Fig 2) with small and relatively even laid stones to represent rough surfaces (feed size of the stones ∼ 8 cm). On the other hand a relative new asphalt surface was chosen to represent a fine surfaces.
The indoor experiments were conducted on painted industrial concrete in a basement corridor. To create a repeatable unevenness, two oriented strand boards (OSB) were used and reinforced with an aluminium corner to avoid wear. Two boards were used next to each other (with a gap in-between for the pulling bicycle), which resulted in a step height of 14 mm, see Fig 3. Two additional boards without reinforced edge were used to increase the heigh up to 25 mm in total.
, & Rothhämel M. (2023). Comfort and vibration level of children in cycle carriers. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282778.
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Publication 2023
Aluminum asphalt Calculi
5
Radiocarbon Dating of Olive Stones and Bones
The data Table 1 provides in its first column (ID), a running number (ID1 to ID37) for each of the 37 14C-dated samples. These IDs are used, below, to abbreviate the identification of dated samples (e.g. ID1 = OxA-32124: 2908 ± 28 BP). Then follows the laboratory identifier (LabCode) and measured 14C-age. The following columns show the dated MATERIAL (olive stone, bone), the PHASE (A, B, C, C1, D, D1, E, I) to which the sample is attributed, the sample DEPTH [m], the ROOM number from which the sample was taken, and the excavation CONTEXT number. The last column contains the calibrated age with units [calBC ± 68%], calculated by CalPal-software based on IntCal20. This notation is used in preference of multiple calendric age intervals, for which unitary probabilities are often wrongly assumed (see below).
Doumet-Serhal C., Gimatzidis S., Weninger B., von Rüden C, & Kopetzky K. (2023). An interdisciplinary approach to Iron Age Mediterranean chronology through combined archaeological and 14C-radiometric evidence from Sidon, Lebanon. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0274979.
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Publication 2023
Bones Calculi Olea europaea

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More about "Calculi"

Calculi, also known as stones or concretions, are solid, crystalline formations that can develop in various organs within the body, particularly in the urinary tract and gallbladder.
These deposits can cause significant health issues, ranging from discomfort and pain to more severe complications.
Urinary calculi, or kidney stones, are the most common type of calculi.
They are formed when substances in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, crystallize and accumulate.
Factors like dehydration, diet, and underlying medical conditions can contribute to the formation of these stones.
Kidney stones can cause intense pain, known as renal colic, and may lead to urinary tract infections if left untreated.
Gallstones, on the other hand, are calculi that develop in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
These stones are typically composed of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both.
Gallstones can obstruct the flow of bile, leading to inflammation, pain, and potentially more serious complications like gallbladder infection or pancreatitis.
In addition to urinary and gallbladder calculi, other types of calculi can form in various organs, including the salivary glands, pancreas, and even the lungs.
These less common types of calculi may require specialized diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Researchers and clinicians often rely on advanced imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasound, to diagnose and monitor the presence of calculi.
Additionally, medical procedures like lithotripsy, which uses shock waves to break up stones, and minimally invasive surgeries may be employed to manage and treat calculi.
To enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of research related to calculi, PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can be particularly useful.
By leveraging intelligent comparison tools, researchers can easily locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, leading to improved research outcomes and the advancement of scientific discovery in this field.
Whether you're a healthcare professional, a researcher, or someone interested in understanding the complexities of calculi, exploring the latest advancements and insights can help you navigate this important aspect of human health and wellness.