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> Anatomy > Body Substance > Juices, Gastric

Juices, Gastric

Gastric juices are the acidic fluids produced by the stomach that aid in the digestion of food.
These juices contain a mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and other components that help break down the food we consume.
Understanding the composition and function of gastric juices is crucial for research in areas such as gastroenterology, nutrition, and pharmacology.
PubCompare.ai can assist researchers in locating the best protocols and products to improve their gastric jucie research, enabling them to discover optimized protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leverage AI-driven comparisons to enhance reproducibility and optimize their investigations.

Most cited protocols related to «Juices, Gastric»

1
Automated Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Protocol
The fecal microbiota from donors was purified in our laboratory according to our previously published method of Filtration plus Centrifugation (FPC) [13 (link)]. Four of 14 patients underwent FMT based on a new developed automatic purification system (GenFMTer, FMT Medical, Nanjing, China). We named this new method for enriching microbiota based on an automatic purification system microfiltration plus centrifugation (MPC). Prepared microbiota was injected into the distal duodenum of recipients through an endoscopic infusion tube (FMT Medical, Nanjing, China) inserted into the gastroscope channel. The final enriched microbiota in lab and the endoscopic image during infusion were shown in Fig. 1. One hour prior to FMT, patients were given metoclopramide 10 mg by intramuscular injection and esomeprazole magnesium 40 mg intravenously to promote motility of the transplanted microbiota into the colon and to inhibit the secretion of gastric acid [13 (link)].

Laboratory enriched fecal microbiota and infusion of fecal microbiota during endoscopy. a The centrifuged microbiota in lab after microfiltration. b The final product for infusion. c, d The endoscopic image during infusion showing no observable particles in the suspension fluid under magnified endoscopic view, indicating the effect of purification for fecal microbiota

Cui B., Li P., Xu L., Zhao Y., Wang H., Peng Z., Xu H., Xiang J., He Z., Zhang T., Nie Y., Wu K., Fan D., Ji G, & Zhang F. (2015). Step-up fecal microbiota transplantation strategy: a pilot study for steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. Journal of Translational Medicine, 13, 298.
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Publication 2015
Acids Cardiac Arrest Centrifugation Colon Donors Duodenum Endoscopy Esomeprazole Magnesium Feces Filtration Gastric Acid Gastroscopes Intramuscular Injection Juices, Gastric Metoclopramide Microbial Community Motility, Cell Patients secretion
2
Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Administration
Medication was administered as described previously[21 (link)-25 (link)], without use of a carrier or peptidase inhibitor, for stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a partial sequence of the human gastric juice protein BPC, which was freely soluble in water at pH 7.0 and in saline. BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, molecular weight 1419; Diagen, Slovenia) was prepared as a peptide with 99% high-performance liquid chromatography purity, with 1-des-Gly peptide being the main impurity. The dose and application regimens were as described previously[8 (link)-20 (link)].
Gojkovic S., Krezic I., Vrdoljak B., Malekinusic D., Barisic I., Petrovic A., Horvat Pavlov K., Kolovrat M., Duzel A., Knezevic M., Kasnik Kovac K., Drmic D., Batelja Vuletic L., Kokot A., Boban Blagaic A., Seiwerth S, & Sikiric P. (2020). Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves suprahepatic occlusion of the inferior caval vein, Budd-Chiari syndrome model in rats. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 11(1), 1-19.
Publication 2020
Amino Acid Sequence BPC 157 High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Juices, Gastric NR4A2 protein, human Peptides Pharmaceutical Preparations Protease Inhibitors Saline Solution Stomach Treatment Protocols
3
Assessing Acid, Bile, and Enzyme Tolerance of LAB
To determine the acid tolerance of strains, LAB cells were harvested by centrifugation at 6000 g for 15 min after incubation at 30°C for 48 h. The collected pellets were suspended in sterile PBS (phosphate-saline buffer; 9 g/L NaCl, 9 g/L Na2HPO4·2H2O, 1.5 g/L KH2PO4) adjusted to pH 2.5 to the initial volume. The mixture was then incubated at 37°C for 4 h. Aliquots of samples were taken at time 0 and after 4 h. These samples were serially diluted in sterile saline solution (0.85% NaCl) and the viable cell population was determined by the spread plate method using MRS Agar. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h [13 (link)]. The percentage survival of the bacteria was calculated as follows: %survival=log  cfu  of  viable  cells  survivedlog  cfu  of  initial  viable  cells  inoculated×100. For the bile salt tolerance assay, MRS Broth containing 0.3% (w/v) bile salt (oxgall) was inoculated with active LAB cultures (incubated at 30°C for 48 h) at an inoculum size of 1% (v/v) and incubated at 37°C for 4 h. The viable cell population was determined at 0 h and 4 h of incubation on MRS Agar plates by the spread plate method. The percentage survival of the bacteria was calculated according to (1) [14 ].
To test the viability in the presence of pepsin, simulated gastric juice which was prepared by suspending 3 mg/mL pepsin in sterile saline solution (0.85% NaCl, w/v) adjusted to pH 2.5 was inoculated with active LAB cultures (incubated at 30°C for 48 h) at an inoculum size of 1% (v/v) and incubated at 37°C for 4 h. Simulated intestinal fluid which was prepared by dissolving bile salt (0.3%) and pancreatin (1 mg/mL) in sterile saline solution (0.85% NaCl, w/v) adjusted to pH 8.0 was used in pancreatin resistance test. This fluid was inoculated with active LAB cultures at an inoculum size of 1% (v/v) and incubated at 37°C for 6 h. The viable cell population was determined before and after incubation on MRS Agar plates by the spread plate method. The percentage survival of the bacteria was calculated according to (1) [7 (link), 15 (link)].
Tokatlı M., Gülgör G., Bağder Elmacı S., Arslankoz İşleyen N, & Özçelik F. (2015). In Vitro Properties of Potential Probiotic Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria Originating from Traditional Pickles. BioMed Research International, 2015, 315819.
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Publication 2015
Acids Agar Bacteria Bile Biological Assay Buffers Cells Centrifugation Germ Cells Immune Tolerance Intestines Juices, Gastric Pancreatin Pellets, Drug Pepsin 3 Pepsin A Phosphates Saline Solution Salts, Bile Salt Tolerance Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive Strains
4
BPC 157 Peptide Administration Protocol
Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a partial sequence of the human gastric juice protein BPC freely soluble in water at pH 7.0 and in saline, was administered as described previously [2 (link),3 (link),4 (link),5 (link),6 (link),7 (link),8 (link),9 (link)], without the use of a carrier or peptidase inhibitor. BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, molecular weight 1419; Diagen, Ljubljana, Slovenia) was prepared as a peptide with 99% high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purity, with 1-des-Gly peptide being the main impurity. The dose and application regimens were as described previously [2 (link),3 (link),4 (link),5 (link),6 (link),7 (link),8 (link),9 (link)]. Lithium sulfate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used.
Strbe S., Gojkovic S., Krezic I., Zizek H., Vranes H., Barisic I., Strinic D., Orct T., Vukojevic J., Ilic S., Lovric E., Muzinic D., Kolenc D., Filipčić I., Zoricic Z., Marcinko D., Boban Blagaic A., Skrtic A., Seiwerth S, & Sikiric P. (2021). Over-Dose Lithium Toxicity as an Occlusive-like Syndrome in Rats and Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Biomedicines, 9(11), 1506.
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Publication 2021
Amino Acid Sequence BPC 157 High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Juices, Gastric lithium sulfate NR4A2 protein, human Peptides Protease Inhibitors Saline Solution Stomach Treatment Protocols
5
Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Protocol
Medication was administered as described previously [20 (link),21 (link),22 (link),23 (link),24 (link),25 (link),26 (link),27 (link)], without use of a carrier or peptidase inhibitor, for stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a partial sequence of the human gastric juice protein BPC, which was freely soluble in water at pH 7.0 and in saline. BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, molecular weight 1419; Diagen, Ljubljana, Slovenia) was prepared as a peptide with 99% high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purity, with 1-des-Gly peptide being the main impurity. The dose and application regimens were as described previously [20 (link),21 (link),22 (link),23 (link),24 (link),25 (link),26 (link),27 (link)].
Gojkovic S., Krezic I., Vranes H., Zizek H., Drmic D., Horvat Pavlov K., Petrovic A., Batelja Vuletic L., Milavic M., Sikiric S., Stilinovic I., Samara M., Knezevic M., Barisic I., Sjekavica I., Lovric E., Skrtic A., Seiwerth S, & Sikiric P. (2021). BPC 157 Therapy and the Permanent Occlusion of the Superior Sagittal Sinus in Rat: Vascular Recruitment. Biomedicines, 9(7), 744.
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Publication 2021
Amino Acid Sequence BPC 157 High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Juices, Gastric NR4A2 protein, human Peptides Pharmaceutical Preparations Protease Inhibitors Saline Solution Stomach Treatment Protocols

Most recents protocols related to «Juices, Gastric»

1
Evaluating Lactobacillus Probiotic Resistance
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

The Lactobacillus ingested through the oral cavity passes through the stomach with the lower acidity and the intestines with high digestive enzymes and are exposed to low pH of gastric acid, pepsin, intestinal bile salts and digestive enzymes. Therefore, in order to utilize microorganisms as probiotics, gastric juice resistance is essential to survive in low pH and enzymes, and bile juice resistance is essential to survive in extreme intestinal environment. In accordance with the present disclosure, experiments were conducted to identify resistance to artificial gastric juice and bile juice of the above two strains with superior inhibitory effects against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans. The pH of the gastric juice in the body is maintained at about 3.0, and the food passes through the stomach for about 3 hours. In general, when maintaining viable cell count for 3 hours or more at pH 3, the cells has the high resistance to acidity. In order to identify the intestinal viability of Lactobacillus, survival experiments for artificial gastric juice and artificial bile juice were conducted with reference to Maragkoudakis' method. MG4272 and MG4288 strains were streaked on MRS plate medium and incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours, and the resulting colonies were inoculated in MRS liquid medium and incubated (37° C., 24 hours). Then, 2% passage was incubated for 24 hours in fresh MRS medium. The culture medium was then centrifuged (4,000×g, 4° C., 5 minutes) and washed twice with phosphate-buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The washed cells were adjusted to OD600 1.0 (108 to 109 CFU/mL) and used for resistance experiments to the artificial gastric juice and artificial bile solution, respectively. As a control, 900 μL of pH 7 PBS was added to 100 μL of diluted Lactobacillus and the mixture was shaken and the number of viable cells was measured immediately. In order to identify the resistance to gastric juice, pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) was dissolved in 3 g/L of pH 3 to pH 4 PBS to prepare an artificial gastric juice. 100 μL of lactobacillus diluent was added to 900 μL of artificial gastric juice, shaken, and cultured at 37° C. In 3 hours, the viable cell count was measured. To identify resistance to the artificial bile juice, pancreatin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) was dissolved in 1 g/L at pH 7 to pH 8 to prepare artificial bile juice. 100 μL of lactobacillus diluent was added to 900 μL of artificial bile juice, shaken and incubated at 37° C. In 4 hours, the viable cell count was measured. The measured results are shown in Table 1 in terms of log CFU/ml.

TABLE 1
Artificial gastric juiceArtificial bile solution
Selectedtest grouptest group
strainsControlpH 3pH 4pH 7pH 8
MG42728.53 ± 0.018.47 ± 0.018.52 ± 0.018.52 ± 0.028.49 ± 0.02
MG42888.46 ± 0.068.40 ± 0.048.44 ± 0.028.41 ± 0.018.41 ± 0.02

As shown in Table 1 both strains of MG4272 and MG4288 were identified to maintain the viable cell count of 108 CFU/mL or more after 3 hours at pH 3, thereby identifying excellent acid resistance. In the artificial bile resistance test, both strains of MG4272 and MG4288 were identified to maintain the viable cell count of 108 CFU/mL or more, thereby identifying excellent bile resistance.

US11857580B2. Lactobacillus having antimicrobial effect on Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans (2024-01-02). MEDIOGEN CO., LTD. [KR], None [KR]. Inventors: Nam-Soo Paek [KR], Chang Ho Kang [KR].
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Patent 2024
Acids Bile Buffers Candida albicans Cells Culture Media Digestion Enzymes Food Gardnerella vaginalis Gastric Acid Heartburn Human Body Intestines Juices, Gastric Lactobacillus Oral Cavity Pancreatin Pepsin A Phosphates Probiotics Psychological Inhibition Saline Solution Salts, Bile Stomach Strains
2
Dynamic Gastric Digestion Model for In Vitro Testing

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Publication 2023
BAG1 protein, human Bath Calcium, Dietary Digestion Enzymes Food Homo sapiens Juices, Gastric Latex Lipase Pepsin A silk gland factor-1 Stomach
3
Gastric Juice Tolerance Assay
For gastric juice test, pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) (0.3 w/v) and NaCl (Merck, Germany) (0.5% w/v) was added to nutrient broth and adjusted to pH 2.5. First, strains were incubated (nutrient broth, 18 h, 37 °C), and pellet washed twice in PBS, then cell suspension was diluted in gastric juice pH 2.5 and incubated. Viable cells count was investigated at 0 and 4 h for samples. Viability%=logNt/logN0×100, where N0 and Nt are initial and final viable cells (cfu/ml)53 (link).
Daneshazari R., Rabbani Khorasgani M., Hosseini-Abari A, & Kim J.H. (2023). Bacillus subtilis isolates from camel milk as probiotic candidates. Scientific Reports, 13, 3387.
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Publication 2023
Cells Juices, Gastric Nutrients Pepsin A Sodium Chloride Strains
4
Probiotic Potential of Ethanol-Producing Yeasts
The selected ethanol producing yeasts were investigated for their probiotic characteristics, which included the ability to grow at 37 °C, the resistance to grow in bile salt and low pH conditions, hemolytic activity and the adhesion capacity of cells [20 (link)]. Briefly, yeast cells were incubated in a simulated gastric juice containing 0.35% (w/v) pepsin at pH 2.0 and 3.0, and 0.3% (w/v) bile salt in phosphate buffered saline (PBS buffer) at pH 7 (PBS buffer pH 7 as control). The treated suspension was incubated at 37 °C for 3 h. Viable cell counts were determined by plating on yeast malt (YM) agar at 37 °C for 24 h, and the survival percentage was calculated as follows: survival (%) = [final (logCFU/mL)/control (logCFU/mL)] × 100. Hemolytic activity was determined by inoculating the yeast strain on a blood agar plate containing 5% defibrinated sheep blood and incubated at 37 °C for 72 h. The development of a clear zone of hydrolysis surrounding the colonies was observed and classified [21 (link)]. The cell surface hydrophobicity was tested in toluene (a nonpolar solvent). The yeast suspension was prepared in PBS to an optical density of 600 nm (OD600) = 1 (A0). Then, the volume of toluene was added into the yeast cell suspension at a ratio of 1:1 and the two-phase system was mixed for 5 min. Following 1 h of incubation at 37 °C, OD600 of the cell suspension was measured (A1) and the microbial adhesion to solvents (MATS) percentage was calculated as follows: MATS (%) = [(A0 − A1)/A0] × 100. Isolates with MATS above 50% were considered as hydrophobic [22 (link)]. The tannin-tolerance of the selected yeast isolates was also investigated on YM agar containing tannin, according to the method described by Kanpiengjai et al. [2 (link)]. A single colony of yeast isolate was picked up and spiked on YM agar with 10, 30 and 50 g/L tannin. The growth of the yeast isolates was observed after incubation at 30 °C for 3 days. The characteristics of low alcoholic producing properties, probiotic properties and tannin tolerance were used as the criteria for the selection of the proper yeast strain used in the healthy beverage fermentation using Miang fermentation broth residual byproducts.
Kodchasee P., Pharin N., Suwannarach N., Unban K., Saenjum C., Kanpiengjai A., Sakar D., Shetty K., Zarnkow M, & Khanongnucha C. (2023). Assessment of Tannin Tolerant Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Isolated from Miang for Production of Health-Targeted Beverage Using Miang Processing Byproducts. Journal of Fungi, 9(2), 165.
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Publication 2023
Agar Alcoholics Beverages BLOOD Cell Adhesion Cells Domestic Sheep Ethanol Fermentation Hemolysis Hydrolysis Immune Tolerance Juices, Gastric Pepsin A Phosphates Probiotics Saline Solution Salts, Bile Solvents Strains Tannins Toluene Yeast, Dried Yeasts
5
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Model
We applied a static in vitro two-stage (gastric and duodenal) digestion model according to Seraglio et al. [12 (link)] with slightly modifications. In order to develop the gastric digestion phase, 1.632 g of each sample was homogenized, mixed with 5.84 mL of gastric solution and stirred for 4 min. To the mixture, 2.32 mL of hydrochloric acid at pH 2.5 ± 0.2 was added. Next, the samples were incubated in a water bath with shaking for two hours (37 °C, 100 rpm). The samples were then centrifuged (10 min, 8000 rpm) and the supernatant were collected for further analysis. The samples were refrigerated at −20 °C for 24 h until the planned analyses were performed.
Duodenal digestion was assessed in the same way as gastric digestion. After incubation, 0.09 mL of 1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate (to increase the pH to 5.5) and 2.26 mL of duodenal solution were added to each sample; the samples were then energetically stirred for 1 min. In the next step, 0.72 mL of sodium bicarbonate solution for adjustment to pH 6.7 ± 0.2 was added to each stock. The samples were then incubated in a water bath with shaking for 2 h (37 °C, 100 rpm). After centrifugalizing (10 min, 8000 rpm), the supernatant was analyzed. The storage conditions were the same as for the gastric step.
The simulated gastric juice was fixed as follows: 0.16 g of pepsin was dissolved in 0.35 mL of 12 M hydrochloric acid, which was made up to 50 mL with ultra-pure water. The duodenal solution was prepared by combining 0.25 g pancreatin with 0.047 g of sodium glycodeoxycholate, 0.0505 g of sodium taurocholate, and 0.029 g of sodium taurodeoxycholate dissolved in 0.25 mL of 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate in 25 mL ultra-pure water.
Ziółkiewicz A., Kasprzak-Drozd K., Wójtowicz A., Oniszczuk T., Gancarz M., Kowalska I., Mołdoch J., Kondracka A, & Oniszczuk A. (2023). The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and Sorghum-Enriched Pasta. Molecules, 28(4), 1706.
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Publication 2023
Bath Bicarbonate, Sodium Digestion Duodenum Glycine Deoxycholate Hydrochloric acid Juices, Gastric Pancreatin Pepsin A Sodium Stomach Taurocholic Acid, Monosodium Salt Taurodeoxycholate, Sodium

Top products related to «Juices, Gastric»

1
Pepsin by Merck Group
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Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the chief cells in the stomach lining. It functions to break down proteins into smaller peptides during the digestive process.
2
Bile salt by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Italy, United Kingdom, Australia, Poland, India, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain
Bile salts are a class of organic compounds found in bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. They act as emulsifiers, helping to break down and solubilize fats in the small intestine to facilitate their absorption. Bile salts are essential for the proper digestion and absorption of lipids.
3
Pancreatin by Merck Group
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Pancreatin is a digestive enzyme complex derived from the pancreas of mammals. It contains a mixture of digestive enzymes, including amylase, lipase, and protease, which play a role in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively.
4
L name by Merck Group
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L-NAME is a synthetic compound that functions as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. It is commonly used in research applications to study the role of nitric oxide in biological processes.
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L arginine by Merck Group
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L-arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. It serves as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide, which is essential for maintaining healthy blood flow and cardiovascular function. This lab equipment product can be utilized for research and scientific applications related to the study of L-arginine and its associated biological functions.
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Sodium chloride (nacl) by Merck Group
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NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
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Trypsin by Merck Group
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Trypsin is a serine protease enzyme that is commonly used in cell biology and biochemistry laboratories. Its primary function is to facilitate the dissociation and disaggregation of adherent cells, allowing for the passive release of cells from a surface or substrate. Trypsin is widely utilized in various cell culture applications, such as subculturing and passaging of adherent cell lines.
8
Pepsin by Solarbio
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Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that is used in the digestion of proteins. It is isolated from the gastric mucosa of various animal species and is commonly used in laboratory settings for the breakdown and analysis of protein samples.
9
Porcine pepsin by Merck Group
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Porcine pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme derived from the stomach of pigs. It is a digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Porcine pepsin is commonly used in various laboratory applications and research settings.
10
Oxgall by BD
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Oxgall is a laboratory reagent derived from the bile of oxen. It is used as a component in microbiology culture media to facilitate the growth and isolation of certain bacteria.

More about "Juices, Gastric"

Gastric juices, also known as stomach acid or gastric secretions, are the acidic fluids produced by the stomach that aid in the digestion of food.
These juices contain a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HCl), enzymes like pepsin, and other components that help break down the food we consume.
Understanding the composition and function of gastric juices is crucial for research in areas such as gastroenterology, nutrition, and pharmacology.
Pepsin is a key enzyme found in gastric juices, responsible for the digestion of proteins.
Bile salts, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, also play a role in the digestive process by emulsifying fats.
Pancreatin, a mixture of enzymes produced by the pancreas, further aids in the breakdown of nutrients.
Other substances that can impact gastric juice production and function include L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), L-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor), and sodium chloride (NaCl).
Trypsin, another digestive enzyme, is often used in research alongside porcine pepsin to mimic the conditions of the stomach.
Optimizing gastric juice research can be enhanced by utilizing tools like PubCompare.ai, which can help researchers locate the best protocols and products to improve their investigations.
By discovering optimized protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leveraging AI-driven comparisons, researchers can enhance reproducibility and optimize their gastric juice research, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.