Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Anatomy > Cell Component > Axon

Axon

Axons are the long, slender projections of neurons that transmit electrical signals from the cell body to other cells.
They are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, enabling communication between different parts of the brain and body.
PubCompare.ai's intelligent algorithms can help researchers identify the optimal protocols and products for their axon-related experiments, streamlining the research process and enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
Experience the future of scientific discovery with this AI-driven platform that compares data from literature, pre-prints, and patents to locate the best protocols for your axon studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Axon»

1
Weighted Graph Analysis of Complex Networks
The computation of efficiency and cost can be generalised to weighted graphs. In this case, we require a weighting matrix D (same dimension, N × N, as the corresponding adjacency matrix A of the graph), whose dij elements represent additional information about the cost of the edges. Dijkstra's algorithm can be used to search the weighted edge matrix to find the shortest weighted path length li,j between each pair of nodes in the graph, i.e., the minimum value of the sum of weights over all possible paths between nodes i and j [13 ]. The efficiency of communication between nodes i and j is then measured by global, regional, and local efficiency of the weighted graph, simply derived from Equations 1–3 by substituting Li,j with li,j. The cost of the weighted graph is defined by the sum of the weights between the connected nodes, K = ∑i≠j∈Gdi,j. As for unweighted graph analysis, efficiency and cost parameters can be normalised with respect to the maximum values observed when all the nodes of the graph are connected.
The main concern in modeling weighted networks is the choice of a weighting matrix. For a spatially embedded network like the brain it would generally be appropriate to use some measure of physical distance between nodes as a weighting factor. However, the length of axonal tracts between human brain regions is not yet well-known. An alternative weighting factor, more easily estimated, is a measure of the functional distance between connected regions, e.g., di,j = 1 − wi,j, where wi,j is the wavelet correlation coefficient for regions i and j. See Figure S2 for an analysis of functionally weighted networks that is directly comparable to the analysis of unweighted networks reported in Figure 4 on the basis of the same experimental data. It can be seen that the pattern of results for unweighted and functionally weighted networks is very similar in these data.
Achard S, & Bullmore E. (2007). Efficiency and Cost of Economical Brain Functional Networks. PLoS Computational Biology, 3(2), e17.
Publication 2007
Axon Brain factor A Homo sapiens Vision
2
Quantifying Axonal Cytoskeleton Density
The evaluation of cytoskeleton density was performed on 10 images of correctly-myelinated axons for each experimental point among three different experiments. Furthermore, we chose those axons that showed at least one region of myelin concentric layers stacking in the myelin sheaths to check the orthogonal sectioning. After an automatic adjustment of brightness and contrast, axons were isolated from the surrounding myelin sheath and the axonal area evaluated. Cytoplasmic organelles were deleted from the micrograph and, following an automatic thresholding of the images the generation of bit-maps, the number of identified particle was counted and normalized for axonal area.
Cappello V., Marchetti L., Parlanti P., Landi S., Tonazzini I., Cecchini M., Piazza V, & Gemmi M. (2016). Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Scientific Reports, 6, 1.
Publication 2016
Axon Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Microtubule-Associated Proteins Myelin Sheath Organelles
3
Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology
Data were obtained using conventional whole cell patch-clamp techniques.
Micropipette fabrication and data acquisition were as described previously for
undiseased donor heart[85] (link). Axopatch 200 amplifiers, Digidata 1200 converters,
and pClamp software were used (Axon Instruments/Molecular Devices). Experiments
were performed at 37°C.
The standard bath solution contained, in mM: NaCl 144,
NaH2PO4 0.33, KCl 4.0, CaCl2 1.8,
MgCl2 0.53, Glucose 5.5, and HEPES 5.0 at pH of 7.4, and pipette
solutions contained K-aspartate 100, KCl 25, K2ATP 5,
MgCl2 1, EGTA 10 and HEPES 5. The pH was adjusted to 7.2 by KOH
(+15−20 mM K+).
For L-type Ca2+ current measurement, the bath solution contained
in mM: tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA-Cl) 157, MgCl2 0.5, HEPES 10,
and 1 mM CaCl2, or BaCl2, or SrCl2 (pH 7.4 with
CsOH). The pipette solution contained (in mM) CsCl 125, TEA-Cl 20, MgATP 5,
creatine phosphate 3.6, EGTA 10, and HEPES 10 (pH 7.2 with CsOH).
For Na+/Ca2+ exchange current measurement, the
bath solution contained, (in mM): NaCl 135, CsCl 10, CaCl2 1, MgCl21, BaCl2 0.2, NaH2PO4 0.33, TEACl 10, HEPES 10,
glucose 10 and (in µM) ouabain 20, nisoldipine 1, lidocaine 50, pH 7.4.
The pipette solution contained (in mM): CsOH 140, aspartic acid 75, TEACl 20,
MgATP 5, HEPES 10, NaCl 20, EGTA 20, CaCl2 10 (pH 7.2 with CsOH).
O'Hara T., Virág L., Varró A, & Rudy Y. (2011). Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation. PLoS Computational Biology, 7(5), e1002061.
Publication 2011
Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt Aspartate Aspartic Acid Axon barium chloride Bath Cells cesium chloride Egtazic Acid Glucose Heart HEPES Lidocaine Magnesium Chloride Medical Devices Nisoldipine Ouabain Phosphocreatine Sodium Chloride Tetraethylammonium Chloride Tissue Donors
4
Evaluating Myelinated Axons and Blood Vessels
Images of all the grid holes containing samples were collected at low magnifications (between 250X to 400X) and post-processed using Photoshop CS6 software (Adobe) to reconstruct the whole nerve section, as shown in Fig. 1. These low magnification micrographs were used for the evaluation of the distribution and the density of myelinated axons (manually-counted axons normalized for the area) within the specimens and for the evaluation of blood-vessels size and distribution.
Cappello V., Marchetti L., Parlanti P., Landi S., Tonazzini I., Cecchini M., Piazza V, & Gemmi M. (2016). Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Scientific Reports, 6, 1.
Publication 2016
Axon Blood Vessel Nervousness
5
Comparative Techniques for Neural Activity Monitoring
One commonly used approach to image fluorescently reported neuronal dynamics is 2-photon microscopy30 (link). This technique utilizes low energy near infrared (IR) photons to penetrate highly light-scattering brain tissue up to 600–700 μm below the surface of the brain31 (link). A significant advantage of 2-photon microscopy is the ability to selectively excite fluorophores within a well-defined focal plane, resulting in a spatial resolution capable of resolving cellular activity within precisely defined anatomical sub-regions of neurons, such as dendrites and axonal boutons30 (link). Notably, although this imaging modality provides superior spatial resolution, it requires the head fixation of animals and, in the absence of a microendoscope or optical cannula, 2-photon imaging is limited to superficial layers of the brain32 (link),33 (link). Together, these behavioral and optical limitations greatly reduce the scope of scientific questions that can be examined with 2-photon microscopy.
Implantation of small, lightweight fiber optics above a region of interest, such as with fiber photometry, circumvents optical and behavioral limitations posed by 2-photon microscopy34 (link). However, unlike 2-photon microscopy, fiber photometry lacks cellular level resolution and provides only aggregate activity within the field of view (i.e., bulk changes in fluorescent signal)22 . Thus, this method is better suited for monitoring dynamic activity within neural projection fields35 (link). In addition to limitations in optical resolution, fiber photometry requires the test subject to be secured to a rigid fiber optic bundle, which can be difficult for small mammals, such as mice, to maneuver34 (link). Thus, while fiber photometry increases the depth in which neural activity can be monitored, it presents significant limitations in optical resolution, restricts the natural behavioral repertoire of an animal, and limits the animal models that can be optimally utilized.
Large-scale recordings of neural activity within freely behaving mammals36 (link) can also be conducted with techniques that do not rely on the use of fluorescence indicators of neural activity, such as in vivo electrophysiological recordings2 (link). Importantly, compared to in vivo Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology provides superior temporal resolution, allowing for more accurate spike timing estimations17 (link),37 (link),38 (link) as well as the correlation of neural activity with precisely defined temporal events. In addition, in vivo electrophysiology can be combined with optogenetic perturbations of genetically defined neuronal populations to permit the identification (although not unequivocally) and manipulation of defined neuronal populations39 –41 (link). The ability to monitor and subsequently manipulate a circuit is particularly important to the study of brain function as it allows the causal role of identified computations to be elucidated. Thus, compared to freely behaving in vivo optical imaging methods, in vivo electrophysiology methods offer advantages in the domain of temporal resolution as well as technological integration. One notable limitation of this method is that the spatial location of monitored cells cannot be visualized, making it difficult to assert that an identified cell is similar or unique across recording sessions1 (link). Moreover, because in vivo electrophysiology relies on waveform shapes to differentiate individual cells from each other, it can be challenging to detect cells with sparse firing patterns or that are located within densely populated networks. Finally, the number of cells that can be detected with in vivo electrophysiology methods is often far less than the number of cells that can be monitored with the optical imaging methods described in this protocol29 (link),42 (link). Taken together, these limitations in cell identification and statistical power pose a significant disadvantage for studies that require chronic monitoring of neural activity.
Resendez S.L., Jennings J.H., Ung R.L., Namboodiri V.M., Zhou Z.C., Otis J.M., Nomura H., McHenry J.A., Kosyk O, & Stuber G.D. (2016). Visualization of cortical, subcortical, and deep brain neural circuit dynamics during naturalistic mammalian behavior with head-mounted microscopes and chronically implanted lenses. Nature protocols, 11(3), 566-597.
Publication 2016
Animal Model Animals Axon Body Regions Brain Cannula Cells Dendrites Dietary Fiber Electric Stimulation Therapy Fibrosis Fluorescence Head Light Mammals Microscopy Mus Muscle Rigidity Nervousness Neurons Optogenetics Ovum Implantation Photometry Population Group Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Axon»

1
Propionic Acid Modulates Inflammatory Response in Mouse Model
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

FIG. 2 shows a results of a comparison of a mouse population fed a propionic acid diet versus a control group. The propionic acid was administered either on the day of induction (DI) or on the day of onset of disease (OD). It was found that the group given propionic acid on the day the onset of disease occurred (OD) showed a significantly less favorable disease course than the control group.

The influence of propionic acid on the relative axonal density, the demyelination of the white matter, and the number of CD3+-cells is shown in FIG. 3. In general, administration of propionic acid showed a significant improvement compared to the control group.

FIG. 4 shows the effect of administration of propionic acid on the CD4+-CD25+ Foxp3 cells expressed as a significant increase in comparison to the control group.

US11865091B2. Supporting immunomodulatory agent (2024-01-09). Flexopharm Brain GMBH & Co. KG [DE]. Inventors: Ralf Gold [DE], Aiden Haghikia [DE], Ralf Linker [DE].
Patent 2024
Axon Biological Response Modifiers CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes Demyelination Diet Disease Progression IL2RA protein, human Mus propionic acid White Matter
2
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination after Transplantation
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

To analyze the oligodendrocyte-lineage cells differentiated from oNPCs, detailed immunohistochemistry was conducted with several oligodendrocyte markers. The transplanted oNPCs differentiated into Olig2+ immature and GST-pi+ mature oligodendrocytes (FIGS. 12A and B). Notably, they expressed MBP which are closely associated with host NF200+ axons (FIG. 12C-D), indicating the potential of transplanted oNPCs to remyelinate host axons in the injured spinal cord.

To evaluate the distribution of myelin after cell transplantation, electron microscopic examination was performed at the lesion epicenter. In the oNPC group, immature myelin sheaths derived from engrafted human cells (nanogold-labeled Stem121+) were frequently observed (FIGS. 12E and F). In addition, endogenous myelin from host oligodendrocytes was preserved (FIGS. 12E and G). The myelination by the control NPC group was not as robust as the oNPC group. The vehicle group showed only a few myelinated axons at the lesion site (FIG. 12I). Therefore, oNPCs generated myelinating oligodendrocytes following transplantation in vivo.

US11859206B2. Generation of oligodendrogenic neural progenitor cells (2024-01-02). UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK [CA]. Inventors: Michael George Fehlings [CA], Mohamad Khazaei [CA].
Patent 2024
Axon Cells Cell Transplantation Electron Microscopy GSTP1 protein, human Homo sapiens Immunohistochemistry Neurogenesis OLIG2 protein, human Oligodendroglia Spinal Cord Transplantation
3
White Matter Integrity Assessment
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

Alternatively or in addition to all of the foregoing as it relates to gray matter, the invention further contemplates that white matter fA (fractional anisotropy) can be employed in a manner analogous to the gray matter atrophy as discussed herein in various embodiments.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) assesses white matter, specifically white matter tract integrity. A decrease in fA can occur with either demyelination or with axonal damage or both. One can assess white matter substructures including optic nerve and cervical spinal cord.

MRIs of brain including high cervical spinal cord to be done at month 6, 1 year, and 2 years. If a decrease in fA of 10% is observed in fA of 2 tracts, treat with estriol to halt this decrease. Alternatively if fA is decreased by 10% in only one tract but that tract is associated with clinical deterioration of the disability served by that tract, treat with estriol. Poorer scores in low contrast visual acuity would correlate with decreased fA of optic nerve, while poorer motor function would correlate with decreased fA in motor tracts in cervical spinal cord.

US11865122B2. Estrogen therapy for brain gray matter atrophy and associated disability (2024-01-09). The Regents of the University of California [US]. Inventors: Rhonda R. Voskuhl [US].
Patent 2024
Anisotropy Atrophy Axon Brain Clinical Deterioration Copaxone Demyelination Disabled Persons Estriol Gray Matter Magnetic Resonance Imaging Multiple Sclerosis Optic Nerve Spinal Cords, Cervical Visual Acuity White Matter
4
Patch Clamp Recording of LC-NA Neurons
Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane. After decapitation, the brain was quickly transferred to the frozen cutting solution (containing, in mM, 15 KCl, 3.3 MgCl2, 110 K-gluconate, 0.05 EGTA, 5 HEPES, 25 glucose, 26.2 NaHCO3 and 0.0015 (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid) with carbogen gas (95% O2 and 5% CO2). The brain was sliced into 250-µm thick sections using a vibratome (VT1200S, Leica), and transferred into artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF, containing, in mM, 124 NaCl, 3 KCl, 2 MgCl2, 2 CaCl2, 1.23 NaH2PO4, 26 NaHCO3, 25 glucose) with carbogen gas (95% O2 and 5% CO2) at 35 °C for at least 1 h, then at room temperature covered with aluminum foil to avoid light exposure. An amplifier (Multiclamp 700B, Molecular Devices) and a digitizer (Axon Digidata 1550B, Molecular Devices) were used for patch clamp recording. The recording chamber was perfused with aCSF saturated with carbogen gas (95% O2 and 5% CO2) at room temperature. A glass pipette (GC150-10; Harvard Apparatus) was made with a puller (P-1000, Sutter Instrument) and its resistance was between 2.8 and 7 MΩ. The pipette was loaded with K-gluconate-based pipette solution (in mM, 138 K-gluconate, 8 NaCl, 10 HEPES, 0.2 EGTA-Na3, 2 Mg-ATP, and 0.5 Na2-GTP, pH 7.3 with KOH) for whole-cell recording, or aCSF for loose cell recording. Under an epifluorescent microscope (BX51WI, Olympus), 505 nm LED illumination (74 µW/mm2, 100 ms, Niji, Blue Box Optics) was used to visualize native EYFP fluorescence from ACR2-EYFP. We identified LC-NA neurons by a combination of anatomical location, triangular cellular shape, and fluorescence observed in the recording area. In Fig. 2, the membrane potential was held at − 60 mV for measuring current deflection. In Fig. 3, the membrane potential was held from − 120 to − 40 mV in 20 mV steps with a duration of 700 ms. The voltage deflection was evaluated at a current holding of 0 pA. Clampex 11.0.3 (Molecular Devices) was used to record the data.
Mukai Y., Li Y., Nakamura A., Fukatsu N., Iijima D., Abe M., Sakimura K., Itoi K, & Yamanaka A. (2023). Cre-dependent ACR2-expressing reporter mouse strain for efficient long-lasting inhibition of neuronal activity. Scientific Reports, 13, 3966.
Publication 2023
Aluminum Animals ARID1A protein, human Axon Bicarbonate, Sodium Brain carbogen Cells Cell Shape Cerebrospinal Fluid Decapitation Egtazic Acid Eye Fluorescence Freezing gluconate Glucose HEPES Isoflurane Light Magnesium Chloride Medical Devices Membrane Potentials Microscopy Neurons phosphonic acid Sodium Chloride
5
Filopodial Dynamics Quantification
Tip tracking was performed using Manual Tracking in NIH ImageJ (FIJI build [Schindelin et al., 2012 (link)]). DF were only tracked if they met the following conditions: no contact with axons, neighboring DF, or debris during the time course; emanated from dendrites at least 50 µm away from the center of the soma; clearly visible by brightfield during time course; if they initiated or retracted during imaging, non-existent timepoints were removed from further analysis; buckling and wagging DF were included in tracking. Using the manually tracked positions of the DF base and tip, the image files were then further analyzed with a custom MATLAB script to determine the centerline path along each DF (Mendeley data hyperlink). This script used the fluorescent intensity in either the LifeAct or GFP space-filler channel in the vicinity of the tip and base coordinates to define the average tangent direction of the long axis of the DF by computing the tangent angle q at pixel i using θi=12tan−1(〈y−yi〉〈x−xi〉〈x2−xi2〉〈y2−yi2〉), where brackets denote the intensity-weighted average over a 15 × 15 pixel domain centered on the ith pixel. The centerline curve (x(s),y(s)) was then determined by solving ∂2x∂s2=−sinθ∂θ∂s;∂2y∂s2=cosθ∂θ∂s
subject to the constraint that the starting and ending positions were the tracked positions of the base and tip of the DF. Using the centerline curves for each DF at each time point, we then calculated the absolute tip displacement, DF length, and mean tip fluorescence intensity and were able to extract the following metrics: average filopodial tip speed calculated as the average of the instantaneous speeds (absolute tip displacement per 5 s interval) between successive timepoints; percent motile, percent of total DF population with average tip speeds greater than 0.0128 µm/s (motile; one pixel displacement or greater per 5 s interval) or less than 0.0128 µm/s (non-motile); percent time motile, the percent of time per DF in which instantaneous speed was greater than 0.0128 µm/s; average length, the distance from base to tip along the centerline curve, median protrusion or retraction rate, the positive or negative change in length between successive timepoints, when instantaneous change in length was greater than ±0.0128 µm/s (motile); mean fluorescence intensity for a circular area of 384 nm radius surrounding the distal DF tip with non-cell background omitted; fluorescence intensity variance, a measure of the spread of intensity values compared to the mean. Fluorescence intensity values were normalized for expression by the minimum local intensity during the duration of imaging. For defining motile versus non-motile filopodia, or substantiative protrusion/retraction rates, a threshold of 0.0128 µm/s was chosen as it represents one pixel (effective size at 100X = 0.064 µm) displacement per 5-s interval and undistinguishable from tracking error. Neurite morphology was measured using the ImageJ plug-in Simple Neurite Tracer (Longair et al., 2011 (link)). Tracings were used to determine the number and length of primary and higher order neurites, and length of the axon (the longest Tau-positive process). Protrusion and spine density was determined by counting proturbences or dendritic spines along a length of dendrite. PSD95 foci analysis was performed by generating a binary mask of foci, and using the automated 2D tracking module in NIS-Elements (Nikon) to follow their trajectories.
Parker S.S., Ly K.T., Grant A.D., Sweetland J., Wang A.M., Parker J.D., Roman M.R., Saboda K., Roe D.J., Padi M., Wolgemuth C.W., Langlais P, & Mouneimne G. (2023). EVL and MIM/MTSS1 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling to promote dendritic filopodia in neurons. The Journal of Cell Biology, 222(5), e202106081.
Publication 2023
Axon Dendrites Dendritic Spines Epistropheus Filopodia Fluorescence Neurites Radius Vertebral Column

Top products related to «Axon»

1
Pclamp 10 by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, China, Australia
PClamp 10 software is a data acquisition and analysis platform for electrophysiology research. It provides tools for recording, analyzing, and visualizing electrical signals from cells and tissues.
2
Axopatch 200b amplifier by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, France, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom
The Axopatch 200B is a high-performance patch-clamp amplifier designed for electrophysiology research. It is capable of amplifying and filtering electrical signals from single-cell preparations, providing researchers with a tool to study ion channel and membrane properties.
3
Clampfit 10 by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada
Clampfit 10 is a software application designed for the analysis of electrophysiological data. It provides tools for data acquisition, visualization, and signal processing.
4
Axopatch 200b by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, France
The Axopatch 200B is a high-performance patch-clamp amplifier designed for electrophysiological research. It is capable of recording and amplifying small electrical signals from cells and tissues with high precision and low noise.
5
Pclamp 9 by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, France, Canada
PClamp 9 software is a comprehensive data acquisition and analysis software designed for electrophysiology research. It provides a suite of tools for recording, visualizing, and analyzing electrical signals from cells and tissues.
6
Digidata 1440a by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan
The Digidata 1440A is a high-performance data acquisition system designed for a variety of electrophysiology applications. It features 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion, multiple sampling rates, and simultaneous acquisition of multiple channels. The Digidata 1440A provides the hardware interface for recording and digitizing electrophysiological signals.
7
Multiclamp 700b amplifier by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Hungary
The Multiclamp 700B amplifier is a versatile instrument designed for electrophysiology research. It provides high-quality amplification and signal conditioning for a wide range of intracellular and extracellular recording applications. The Multiclamp 700B offers advanced features and precise control over signal acquisition, enabling researchers to obtain reliable and accurate data from their experiments.
8
Genepix pro 6 by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, China, Canada
GenePix Pro 6.0 is a microarray image analysis software. It is designed to process and analyze images from DNA microarray experiments.
9
Digidata 1322a by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Hungary, Canada
The Digidata 1322A is a data acquisition system designed for electrophysiology and related applications. It provides high-speed digital sampling and signal conditioning capabilities to interface with a variety of research equipment.
10
Chir99021 by Axon Medchem
Sourced in Netherlands, United States, Japan
CHIR99021 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). It is a small molecule compound that has been widely used in cell culture and developmental biology research as a tool to modulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

More about "Axon"

Axons are the elongated projections of neurons that play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the nervous system.
These slender structures are responsible for transmitting electrical signals from the cell body to other cells, enabling communication throughout the brain and body.
The study of axons is essential for understanding the complexities of neural networks and their various applications.
Researchers can leverage advanced tools and software to enhance their axon-related experiments.
The PClamp 10 software, for instance, provides a comprehensive suite of electrophysiology tools for recording and analyzing neuronal signals, including those from axons.
The Axopatch 200B amplifier, paired with the Clampfit 10 analysis software, offers a powerful platform for studying the electrical properties of axons.
Additionally, the Digidata 1440A and Multiclamp 700B amplifier systems are widely used in axon research, allowing for precise data acquisition and signal processing.
The GenePix Pro 6.0 software, on the other hand, can be utilized for high-throughput analysis of gene expression patterns related to axon development and function.
To further optimize the research process, the AI-driven platform PubCompare.ai can be a valuable resource.
By comparing data from literature, preprints, and patents, PubCompare.ai's intelligent algorithms can help researchers identify the best protocols and products for their axon-related studies, streamlining the research process and enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
Whether you're investigating the role of axons in neural communication, exploring their developmental mechanisms, or seeking to harness their potential in therapeutic applications, the tools and resources mentioned above can greatly contribute to your scientific discovery.
Experiecnce the future of axon research with PubCompare.ai and the suite of electrophysiology software and hardware.