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Cytoplasmic Granules

Cytoplasmic granules are membrane-bound organelles found within the cytoplasm of cells.
They play a crucial role in the storage and transport of various biomolecules, including enzymes, hormones, and signaling molecules.
These granules are involved in diverse cellular processes such as secretion, degradation, and immune response.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven optimization to explore the power of cytoplasmic granules, discover reproducible and acuarte research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and identify the best protocols and products for their cytoplasmic granule research.
By leveraging this AI-powered tool, scientists can embark on a journey to more reliable and efficient experiments, unlocking new insights into this dynamic and versatile cellular component.

Most cited protocols related to «Cytoplasmic Granules»

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Publication 2015
Chromatin Copy Number Polymorphism Cytoplasmic Granules Gene Clusters Genes Genetic Heterogeneity Malignant Neoplasms Oncogenes
eQuilibrator source code is freely available on Google Code (http://code.google.com/p/milo-lab/). The eQuilibrator web interface is composed of a back-end implemented in Python and a user interface implemented with HTML, CSS and JavaScript. A wide range of open software and databases significantly aid the development and maintenance of eQuilibrator. Non-thermodynamic data including compound names, masses and formulae, enzyme names, EC classes and catalyzed reactions are drawn from KEGG (17 (link)) and stored in a MySQL database. Thermodynamic data is drawn from several sources (11 ,23 ,24 (link)) and is stored in the same database. The Django framework is used to simplify database setup and querying, HTML generation, and web serving. Search queries are parsed via the pyparsing library and search results are ranked according to the degree to which they match the search query, where the degree of matching is computed using the edit-distance algorithm. The user interface is implemented using standard HTML and CSS. The dynamic portions of the interface, including real-time search suggestions, are implemented in JavaScript using the jQuery framework.
Thermodynamic data is available for download in standard formats—JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) and Comma-Separated Values (CSV)—and is provided at several levels of granularity. Files containing compound ΔfG′° and reaction ΔrG′° values at various combinations of pH and ionic strength are available. For those interested in detailed analyses involving varying cellular pH and ionic strength, files containing ΔfG° values for the various protonation states of KEGG compounds are also available.
Publication 2011
cDNA Library Cells Cytoplasmic Granules Enzymes Python Sorghum bicolor
Transgenic and conditional mouse lines were used to recombine Bax in stem cells in the adult brain (Dranovsky et al., manuscript in preparation)21 (link). The impact of Bax ablation in stem cell on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and morphological maturation of adult-born neurons was characterized using various genetic reporter lines in combination with BrdU pulse-chase labeling and standard immunohistochemistry techniques and details can be found in Methods. Assessment of LTP at medial perforant path-granule cell synapses was performed as described previously 23 (link). Focal hippocampal x-irradiation was performed 23 (link) using sodium pentobarbital as the anaesthetic agent. Behavioural testing included hippocampal dependent learning paradigms (contextual fear conditioning, contextual fear discrimination learning 25 (link), object recognition, spatial and reversal learning) and tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviour. Experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Details for all experimental techniques used in this study are available in Methods.
Publication 2011
Adult Adult Stem Cells Anesthetics Animals, Transgenic Brain Bromodeoxyuridine Cells Childbirth Cytoplasmic Granules Discrimination, Psychology Fear Genes, Reporter Immunohistochemistry Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, Laboratory Neurogenesis Neurons Pentobarbital Sodium Perforant Pathway Pulse Rate Roentgen Rays Stem Cells Synapses Test Anxiety
Transgenic and conditional mouse lines were used to recombine Bax in stem cells in the adult brain (Dranovsky et al., manuscript in preparation)21 (link). The impact of Bax ablation in stem cell on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and morphological maturation of adult-born neurons was characterized using various genetic reporter lines in combination with BrdU pulse-chase labeling and standard immunohistochemistry techniques and details can be found in Methods. Assessment of LTP at medial perforant path-granule cell synapses was performed as described previously 23 (link). Focal hippocampal x-irradiation was performed 23 (link) using sodium pentobarbital as the anaesthetic agent. Behavioural testing included hippocampal dependent learning paradigms (contextual fear conditioning, contextual fear discrimination learning 25 (link), object recognition, spatial and reversal learning) and tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviour. Experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Details for all experimental techniques used in this study are available in Methods.
Publication 2011
Adult Adult Stem Cells Anesthetics Animals, Transgenic Brain Bromodeoxyuridine Cells Childbirth Cytoplasmic Granules Discrimination, Psychology Fear Genes, Reporter Immunohistochemistry Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, Laboratory Neurogenesis Neurons Pentobarbital Sodium Perforant Pathway Pulse Rate Roentgen Rays Stem Cells Synapses Test Anxiety
Time series of nominal 1 km spatial resolution MODIS data from the NASA Terra satellite were downloaded from NASA's EOS data gateway (http://edcimswww.cr.usgs.gov/pub/imswelcome/) for five complete years, January 2001 to December 2005. MODIS data are produced in the sinusoidal projection (MODLAND Sinusoidal Grid) and made available as 460 tiles covering the Earth, each tile measuring 10°×10° and consisting of 1200×1200 0.859 km2 (926.63 m×926.63 m) pixels. All available images per time interval (as of 8 January 2007), called granules, were acquired for 229 tiles, including all tiles between 90°N and 60°S, except for 129 oceanic tiles and 62 tiles containing small islands, for two data sets: MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-day L3 Global 1 km SIN grid (MOD11A2, version 4, [45] ) and MODIS/Terra Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance 16-day L3 Global 1 km SIN grid (MOD43B4, version 4, [46] ). MODIS data sets are provided in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), and were imported to ERDAS Imagine 9.0 (Leica Geosystems, Norcross, GA) and converted to ERDAS LAN format.
The MOD11A2 data set comprises 8-day composited land surface temperature (LST) for daytime (dLST) and night-time (nLST) overpasses [45] . A complete time series for each tile of the MOD11A2 data would therefore consist of 46 granules at 8-day intervals for each of five years, or 230 granules in total.
The MOD43B4 data set provides nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-adjusted reflectances for Terra MODIS spectral bands 1–7 computed with the mean solar zenith angle of each 16-day interval over which data were composited [46] . The BRDF removes directional effects of view angle and illumination, providing reflectance values as if every pixel were viewed from nadir. Pre-processing excluded pixels with unreliable BRDF corrections, identified by quality control flags provided with the data set (QC Word 2 value >10). For each pixel a MIR channel (MODIS band 7, 2105–2155 nm) was extracted and the NDVI ([near infrared (NIR)–RED]/[NIR+RED], where NIR is MODIS band 2 and RED is band 1, 841–876 nm and 620–670 nm, respectively) and the EVI (2.5*[[NIR-RED]/[NIR+6.0*RED–7.5*BLUE+1.0]], where BLUE is MODIS band 3, 459–479 nm, [43] ) were calculated. The MIR band was selected as being similar to band 3 in AVHRR, which has been shown to correlate with a number of vegetative processes including forest re-growth [47] . A complete MOD43B4 time series for each tile would consist of 23 granules at 16-day intervals for each of five years, or 115 granules in total. Although finer resolution data are available for NDVI and EVI (MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-day L3 Global 250 m resolution, MOD13Q1), MIR and LST data are only available at 1 km resolution. For consistency across products and given the much greater time involved in processing higher resolution data on a global scale, 1 km resolution data were therefore used for all products.
After temporal Fourier processing (described below), outputs for all five products were mosaicked and georeferenced (parameters in Table S1). Ocean pixels in all output layers were masked using the MODLAND Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Land/Water Mask version 4, downloaded from ftp://landsc1.nascom.nasa.gov/pub/outgoing/dem_sin_old for all 229 tiles and processed in ERDAS Imagine 9.0 and ArcInfo 9.1 (ESRI, Redlands, CA). Since the MOD11A2 data set had been masked by the version 4 land/water mask prior to production, and this mask did not match the later version 5 mask extents based on MOD43B4 reflectance data [48] , the version 4 mask was used throughout. Information on inland water and ephemeral water bodies was also extracted from the MODLAND version 4 land/water mask.
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Publication 2008
Cytoplasmic Granules Forests Light Sinusoidal Beds Water, Body

Most recents protocols related to «Cytoplasmic Granules»

Example 4

TABLE 15
Composition of mifepristone tablet 240 mg
Composition H
Ingredientsmg/unit
Mifepristone nano-suspension
Mifepristone240.00
HPMC20.00
Sodium lauryl sulphate6.40
Docusate sodium0.80
Purified waterQ.S.
Intra-granular material
Silicified microcrystalline cellulose280.40
Sodium starch glycolate27.20
Extra-granular material
Microcrystalline cellulose119.6
Sodium starch glycolate20.40
Colloidal silicon dioxide1.8
Magnesium Stearate3.40
Core tablet weight (mg)720.00
Film-coating blend
OPADRY ® II Complete Film Coating21.60
System 85F18422 white
Purified WaterQ.S.
Coated Tablet Weight (mg)741.60
Manufacturing Procedure of Composition H:

Composition H was manufactured according to the following procedure:

  • a) Specified amount of purified water was taken in a suitable container and specified quantity of docusate sodium was added and stirred continuously to obtain a solution.
  • b) Sodium lauryl sulphate was added to the step (a) solution and stirred continuously to obtain a solution.
  • c) Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose was added to the step (b) solution and stirred continuously to obtain a solution.
  • d) Mifepristone was added to the step (c) solution and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain Mifepristone dispersion.
  • e) Mifepristone dispersion was homogenized using IKA's Ultra TURRAX® homogenizer at 1000 RPM for 15 minutes.
  • f) The above homogenized mifepristone slurry was nano-sized in ball-mill chamber to obtain nano-suspension containing desired particle size of mifepristone. The particle size distribution was measured by using Mastersizer 3000 particle analyser.
  • g) Specified quantities of the silicified microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate were dispensed in a bowl and warmed to reach 28° C. to 30° C. temperature.
  • h) The nano-sized mifepristone suspension according to step (f) was sprayed onto the warmed intra-granular material according to step (g). The sprayed granules were dried at a temperature of 50° C. to 65° C. and sieved through 30 number mesh sieve.
  • i) Specified quantities of milled granules of step (h), sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate were blended and compressed using tablet compression machine. The tablets according to step (i) were coated with suitable coating materials.

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Patent 2024
Cytoplasmic Granules Docusate Sodium Hypromellose magnesium stearate microcrystalline cellulose Mifepristone Pharmaceutical Preparations Silicon Silicon Dioxide sodium starch glycolate Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

100 mg of the Sarcodon aspratus extracts according to the present invention;

an appropriate amount of a vitamin mixture;

70 μg of vitamin A acetate;

1.0 mg of vitamin E;

0.13 mg of vitamin B1;

0.15 mg of vitamin B2;

0.5 mg of vitamin B6;

0.2 μg of vitamin B12;

10 mg of vitamin C;

10 μg of biotin;

1.7 mg of nicotinic acid amide;

50 μg of folate;

0.5 mg of calcium pantothenate;

an appropriate amount of a mineral mixture;

1.75 mg of ferrous sulfide;

0.82 mg of zinc oxide;

25.3 mg of magnesium carbonate;

15 mg of potassium phosphate monobasic;

55 mg of dicalcium phosphate;

90 mg of potassium citrate;

100 mg of calcium carbonate; and

24.8 mg of magnesium chloride.

The composition ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture described above may be determined according to a composition ratio used in general functional health foods, and the combination ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture may be arbitrarily determined. According to a conventional method of preparing functional health foods, these components are mixed, granules are prepared, and the granules are used to prepare a composition for a functional health food.

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Patent 2024
Ascorbic Acid Biotin Carbonate, Calcium Cobalamins Cytoplasmic Granules dicalcium phosphate ferrous sulfide Folate Functional Food magnesium carbonate Magnesium Chloride magnesium citrate Minerals Niacinamide Pantothenate, Calcium Potassium Potassium Citrate potassium phosphate retinol acetate Riboflavin Sarcodon aspratus Thiamine Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin E Vitamins Zinc Oxide

Example 3

Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (NITE BP-02622) is added to 3 mL of an MRS liquid medium and is anaerobically cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours, and the culture liquid is concentrated, followed by lyophilization, to obtain a lyophilized powder of the bacterium (bacterial powder). Next, crystalline cellulose is put in an agitation granulator and mixed. Then, purified water was added, followed by granulation. The granulated product is dried to obtain granules that contain an extracted component of the bacterium and an excipient. By administering the composition, modulation of palatability, maintenance of body temperature, and protection of a blood vessel can be expected. Furthermore, the composition can be used for preventing or treating unbalanced diet, sensitivity to cold, hypothermia, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arteriosclerosis, or vascular plaque formation.

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Patent 2024
Arteriosclerosis Bacteria Bifidobacterium breve Blood Vessel Body Temperature Cardiac Hypertrophy Cellulose Cold Temperature Cytoplasmic Granules Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diet Excipients fibroblast growth factor 21 Freeze Drying Hypersensitivity Myocardial Infarction Powder Reperfusion Injury secretion Senile Plaques
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

A challenge faced in designing a self-regulating dosage form is to institute regulation (i.e., slower or incomplete release) at elevated pH without compromising the desired rapid release rate associated with immediate release tablets when a single dose is taken. Calcium carbonate was evaluated both in direct blend matrix tablets and dry granulation tablets containing alprazolam, where the granule contained calcium carbonate to control drug release and calcium carbonate outside the granule to effect pH change. Both approaches resulted in slower alprazolam release in single tablets at higher pH (approx. pH 6) compared to low pH (pH1), however, in this case the release separation was not as high as desired (FIG. 2). However, the results demonstrate that a granule may be used to control drug release depending on environment. The granules may consist of the drug along with a functional component that inhibits erosion or disintintegration at elevated pH such that slower and/or incomplete release of the drug is observed. The extragranular portion of the tablet may primarily contain the pH controlling agents, which need to be released and react quickly.

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Patent 2024
Alprazolam Carbonate, Calcium Cardiac Arrest Cytoplasmic Granules Dosage Forms Drug Liberation Pharmaceutical Preparations Tablet
Paraffin specimens, including PTs, KTs, and contralateral “normal ovary” tissues that underwent prophylactic excision, were collected from the Pathology Department of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital. After sampling, dehydration, embedding, and 4-μm thick sectioning, blank slides were made. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were evaluated by an experienced pathologist.
Immunohistochemistry was performed using the ready-to-use fast immunohistochemistry MaxVisionTM2 assay kit (KIT-5920, MXB Biotechnologles, China). Specimens were first dewaxed, dehydrated, and repaired in a microwave for 15 min using EDTA (pH = 9.0). Each tissue specimen was then incubated with the following antibodies at 4°C overnight: CDX-2 (clone EPR2764Y, diluted 1:200, Abcam, USA), CD68 (clone BP6036, diluted 1:400, Biolynx, China), CD163 (clone BX50058, diluted 1:50, Biolynx), and CD11c (clone 2F1C10, diluted 1:4500, Proteintech, USA). DAB staining was performed by incubating at room temperature for 30 min using the secondary antibody contained in the kit.
Cells with yellowish brown or brownish yellow granules in the nucleus or cytoplasm were positive cells. First, sections were evaluated as a whole under low magnification field of vision and the areas with the highest positive TAM density were selected for detailed observation. Next, the tumor nests (TN), tumor stroma (TS), and invasive margin (IM) were quantified under high magnification according to the evaluation method by Gill et al. (26 (link)). Scoring was performed as follows: none/sporadic = 1; moderate = 2; abundant = 3; highly abundant = 4, from which a total score was obtained. The different grade scoring standards of CD68+ TAMs in TS and PT are shown in Figure 1. All pathological sections were analyzed and interpreted by two senior pathologists in a double-blinded manner.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies Biological Assay CD163 protein, human Cell Nucleus Cells Clone Cells Condoms Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic Granules Edetic Acid Eosin Gills Immunoglobulins Immunohistochemistry Malignant Neoplasms Microwaves Myeloproliferative Syndrome, Transient Neoplasms Ovary Paraffin Pathologists Tissues

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Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a detergent and solubilizing agent, facilitating the solubilization and extraction of proteins and other biomolecules from biological samples.

More about "Cytoplasmic Granules"

cell granules, cytoplasmic inclusions, vesicles, exocytosis, degradation, immune response, FACSCalibur, FACSCanto II, BD Accuri C6, Image-Pro Plus 6.0, Triton X-100, FBS, flow cytometry, FACSDiva software, Mastersizer 2000, CellQuest software