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Chondrocyte

Chondrocytes are the cells responsible for the production and maintenance of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix.
These cells are found within the lacunae of hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.
Chondrocytes play a vital role in the development, growth, and repair of cartilaginous tissues.
Understanding the behavior and functions of chondrocytes is crucial for advancements in cartilage regeneration and the treatment of cartilage-related disorders, such as osteoarthritis.
Reseachers can leverage AI-powered platforms like PubCompare.ai to optimie their chondrocyte studies by identifying the most effective protocols and methods from literature, preprints, and patents.

Most cited protocols related to «Chondrocyte»

1
Histological Scoring of Osteoarthritis in Mice
At sacrifice the operated knees (mid femur to mid tibia) of all mice, and non-operated knees from 3 animals, were harvested, and the skin and muscle removed. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 hrs, decalcified for 3 days in 10% formic acid/5% formalin, and paraffin embedded. Serial 4μm sagittal sections were cut across the width of the medial femoro-tibial joint and mounted on superfrost plus glass slides (3 serial sections per slide) with heating at 85°C for 30 minutes then overnight at 55°C. Sections every 40μm were stained with 0.04% toluidine blue and counterstained with 0.1% fast green (12–15 slides per mouse).
Two observers (CBL, AB) blinded to genotype and post-operative time, scored cartilage aggrecan loss (0–3) and structural damage (0–7), with maximal and summed score (sum of all scores in all slides) recorded as previously described (7 (link)). Each slide received a single score for each parameter representing the maximal score in the three sections on the slide. The number of slides with scores for structural damage was recorded as a measure of the “stage” of OA (width of joint affected). The presence or absence of morphological chondrocyte hypertrophy (enlarged chondrocyte lacunae with lack of toluidine blue stain around a collapsed cell as typically observed in the growth plate or calcified cartilage) in the non-calcified articular cartilage was recorded. Osteophyte size (0 = none, 1 = small ~ the same thickness as the adjacent cartilage, 2 = medium ~ 1–3 × the thickness as the adjacent cartilage, 3 = large >3 × the thickness as the adjacent cartilage) and osteophyte maturity (0 = none, 1 = predominantly cartilaginous, 2 = mixed cartilage and bone with active vascular invasion and endochondral ossification, 3 = predominantly bone) were scored on coded digital images of the same location of the anterior-medial tibia in each animal.
Little C., Barai A., Burkhardt D., Smith S., Fosang A., Werb Z., Shah M, & Thompson E. (2009). MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-13 DEFICIENT MICE ARE RESISTANT TO OSTEOARTHRITIC CARTILAGE EROSION BUT NOT CHONDROCYTE HYPERTROPHY OR OSTEOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT. Arthritis and rheumatism, 60(12), 3723-3733.
Publication 2009
Aggrecans Animals Blood Vessel Bones Cartilage Cartilages, Articular Cells Chondrocyte Endochondral Ossification Epiphyseal Cartilage Fast Green Femur Formalin formic acid Genotype Hypertrophy Joints Knee Mus Muscle Tissue Osteophyte Paraffin Skin Stains Tibia Tolonium Chloride
2
Chondrocyte Viability Assay with Ecdysteroid
Chondrocytes (1×104 cells/well) were seeded into 96-well plates. After 2 days of incubation, α-MEM (with 1% FBS) containing 10−6M to 10−10M Ecd was added 1 day before test. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT; Sigma Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) assay for cell viability was performed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th day of culture. During the experiment, the treatment (including medium and medication) was changed every 3 days and fresh Ecd was added at each media change. The level of mitochondrial activity of the bone cells after Ecd treatments were determined by colorimetric assay, which detects the conversion of MTT to insoluble formazan. The plates were read on the ELISA reader (Spectra max 340, molecular Devices; CA, USA) at a wavelength of 570 nm.
Sheu S.Y., Ho S.R., Sun J.S., Chen C.Y, & Ke C.J. (2015). Arthropod steroid hormone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) suppresses IL-1β- induced catabolic gene expression in cartilage. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15, 1.
Publication 2015
Biological Assay Bromides Cells Cell Survival Chondrocyte Colorimetry Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Formazans Medical Devices Mitochondrial Inheritance Osteocytes Pharmaceutical Preparations
3
Genetic Insights into Osteoarthritis

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Publication 2012
Arthroplasty, Replacement Cartilage Chondrocyte Degenerative Arthritides DNA Replication GARP protein, human Gene Expression Genes Genome Genotype GNL3 protein, human HapMap Hip Joint Homo sapiens Joints Knee Joint Patients Phenotype Population Group Proteins Replacement Arthroplasties, Hip Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Tissues Woman
4
Single-cell RNA-seq Analysis of Chondrocytes
Correspondence analysis (CA) was performed with the R package ca.24 The input data were from a frequency table (a 49×7 matrix) in which each row corresponded to each sample, and each column corresponded to the frequency of each cluster in the specific sample. We classified samples into two groups: samples with high CA1 coordinates and samples with low CA1 coordinates, using the same method for separating samples described as online supplementary materials and methods. The classification cut-off value for CA1 was 0.27 and the corresponding log rank p value was 1, meaning that CA1 was not significant for classifying samples. We then classified samples based on their CA2 coordinates; the cut-off value was −0.23 and the log rank p value was 0.00026, indicating that CA2 was significant for classifying samples. If the CA2 coordinate of the sample was higher than the cut-off (−0.23), this sample was defined as a high-CA2 sample; otherwise, the sample was defined as a low-CA2 sample.
Other detailed experimental procedures and specific materials are described in online supplementary materials and methods, including patients, isolation of human articular cartilage chondrocytes, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical assays, processing of single-cell RNA-seq data, identification of cell types, transcription factor (TF) analysis, identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among clusters, cell cycle analysis, identification of favourable and unfavourable genes, and statistical analysis.
Ji Q., Zheng Y., Zhang G., Hu Y., Fan X., Hou Y., Wen L., Li L., Xu Y., Wang Y, & Tang F. (2018). Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals the progression of human osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 78(1), 100-110.
Publication 2018
Biological Assay Cartilages, Articular Cell Cycle Cells Chondrocyte Genes Homo sapiens isolation Patients Single-Cell RNA-Seq Transcription, Genetic Transcription Factor
5
Biobanking of Joint Tissues for OA Research
The RAAK study is aimed at the biobanking of joint materials as well as mesenchymal stem cells and primary chondrocytes from patients and controls in the Leiden University Medical Center and collaborating outpatient clinics in the Leiden area. In the current study we used paired preserved and OA affected cartilage samples for 33 donors undergoing joint replacement surgery for primary OA (22 hips, 11 knees). Characteristics of the donors are shown in Table S1.
At the moment of collection (within 2 hours following surgery) tissue was washed extensively with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to decrease the risk of contamination by blood. Cartilage was classified macroscopically and collected separately from OA affected and preserved regions around the weight-bearing area of the joint (Figure S1). Classification was done based on predefined features of OA related damage as described previously [9] (link), [10] (link): color/whiteness of the cartilage, surface integrity as determined by visible fibrillation/crack formation, and depth and hardness of the cartilage upon sampling with a scalpel. Care was taken to avoid contamination with bone or synovium. Collected cartilage was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C prior to RNA extraction.
Ramos Y.F., den Hollander W., Bovée J.V., Bomer N., van der Breggen R., Lakenberg N., Keurentjes J.C., Goeman J.J., Slagboom P.E., Nelissen R.G., Bos S.D, & Meulenbelt I. (2014). Genes Involved in the Osteoarthritis Process Identified through Genome Wide Expression Analysis in Articular Cartilage; the RAAK Study. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e103056.
Publication 2014
Arthroplasty, Replacement BLOOD Bones Cartilage Chondrocyte Coxa Donors Freezing Joints Knee Mesenchymal Stem Cells Nitrogen Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Phosphates Saline Solution Synovial Membrane Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Chondrocyte»

1
BMP-7 and 12-mer peptide effects on chondrocytes
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

Isolated chondrocytes from OA patients (n=6) were treated with BMP-7 (1 nM) or the 12-mer peptide according to SEQ ID NO: 16 (1 nM) for 24 h. Pro-chondrogenic (FIG. 9A) and hypertrophic (FIGS. 9B, 9C and 9D) gene expression was determined via qRT-PCR and normalized for 28S rRNA levels. These results confirmed our previous findings that BMP-7 or the 12 mer induced an upregulation of pro-chondrogenic genes, such as Col2a1 (A), and a downregulation of pro-hypertrophic genes, such as COL10A1, COX-2 and RUNX2 (B, C, D). These results show the BMP-7 mimicking bioactivity of the core sequence from the region-A peptide.

US11872264B2. Method for the treatment or prevention of osteoarthritis (2024-01-16). Chondropeptix B.V. [NL]. Inventors: Tim Johannes Maria Welting [NL], Marjolein Maria Johanna Caron [NL].
Patent 2024
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Chondrocyte Chondrogenesis Down-Regulation Figs Gene Expression Genes Genes, vif Hypertrophy Patient Isolation Peptides PTGS2 protein, human RNA, Ribosomal, 28S RUNX2 protein, human Up-Regulation (Physiology)
2
Screening Chondroprotective Peptides in OA Chondrocytes
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

We analysed candidate peptides from region A for their OA phenotype suppressive actions on primary OA articular chondrocytes in the presence of 20% (v/v) OA synovial fluid (SF). Data were combined from three individual OA chondrocyte isolates (n=3) that were each tested in triplicate. Seeded passage-2 OA chondrocytes were exposed to 100 nM of peptide in the absence or presence of OA synovial fluid and after 24 hours analysed for mRNA expression of genes COL10A1, ALP, RUNX2, COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, COX-2, IL-6, PGE, MMP13 and ADAMTS5 (corrected for 28S rRNA expression and relative to control conditions (no peptide exposure)).

PGE2 secretion in culture supernatant was analysed by EIA and ALP enzyme activity was determined by an in-house developed colorimetric assay for ALP activity. GAG content was determined by colorimetric alcian blue assay.

Results were scored as + or − wherein + means that the peptide decreased the activity of genes COL10A1, ALP, RUNX2, COX-2, IL-6, PGE, MMP13 and ADAMTS5 or increased the activity of COL2A1, ACAN and SOX9. For ALP activity a + means a decreased activity and for GAG activity, a + means an increased activity,

US11872264B2. Method for the treatment or prevention of osteoarthritis (2024-01-16). Chondropeptix B.V. [NL]. Inventors: Tim Johannes Maria Welting [NL], Marjolein Maria Johanna Caron [NL].
Patent 2024
Alcian Blue Biological Assay Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Chondrocyte Colorimetry Dinoprostone enzyme activity Gene Expression Genes Joints MMP13 protein, human Peptides Phenotype PTGS2 protein, human RNA, Messenger RNA, Ribosomal, 28S RUNX2 protein, human secretion SOX9 protein, human Synovial Fluid
3
Western Blot Analysis of Chondrocyte Proteins
Expression of proteins of interest in chondrocytes and articular cartilage tissues were explored through western blot analysis. Briefly, cultured chondrocytes and previously ground tissues powder (100 mg) were lysed for 1 h using ice cold 1 × RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime) supplemented with phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 1 mM, Beyotime). The lysates were centrifugated for 10 min at 4 °C and 12,000 rpm. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube for protein quantification. A standard curve was prepared with gradient concentration of BSA according to the instructions of a BCA quantification kit (Beyotime, China). For western blotting assay, the protein samples were mixed with 5 × loading buffer and heated for 10 min at 98 °C. Thereafter, 30 ug protein samples were separated by 10%–12.5% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Bio-Rad, USA). The membrane was rinsed with TBS-T, following with 5% nonfat milk for 1.5 h. Then, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies specific to HBEGF (1:200, Abcam, Cat# ab92620), MMP3 (1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab137659), MMP13 (1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab84594), ADAMTS4 (1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab84792), COL2A1 (1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab34712), Aggrecan (1:100, ABclonal, Cat# A8536), or β-actin (1:2000) (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 4970) at 4 °C overnight. The blots were then rinsed and probed with secondary HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibodies (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Nantong, China), and proteins were detected using an ECL kit (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA).
Zhu Y., Zhang C., Jiang B, & Dong Q. (2023). MiR-760 targets HBEGF to control cartilage extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 186.
Publication 2023
Actins Aggrecans Anti-Antibodies Antibodies Buffers Cartilages, Articular Chondrocyte Cold Temperature Gels HBEGF protein, human Milk, Cow's MMP3 protein, human MMP13 protein, human Mus Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride polyvinylidene fluoride Powder Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay SDS-PAGE Tissue, Membrane Tissues Western Blot
4
Inflammation-Induced Changes in miR-760 and HBEGF
Primary human articular chondrocytes were treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IL-1β (10 ng/mL) (Sigma-Aldrich) when 70–80% confluent, and total RNA was then harvested from these cells after 0, 24, 48, or 72 h to assess inflammation-induced changes in miR-760 and HBEGF levels.
Zhu Y., Zhang C., Jiang B, & Dong Q. (2023). MiR-760 targets HBEGF to control cartilage extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 186.
Publication 2023
Cells Chondrocyte HBEGF protein, human Homo sapiens Inflammation Interleukin-1 beta Joints Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
5
Modulating chondrocyte miR-760 and HBEGF
Human chondrocytes were added to 6-well plates and incubated to 70% confluence, after which they were transfected with miR-760 mimic/inhibitor, overexpression HBEGF (OE HBEGF), knockdown HBEGF (shHBEGF), or corresponding negative control constructs (Ruibo, Guangzhou, China) using Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen, CA, USA). At 24 h and 48 h post-transfection, cells were harvested for downstream use. Transfection efficiency was assessed through qPCR and Western immunoblotting. The above constructs sequences were as follows:mimic miR-760 sequence: 5'-CGGCUCUGGGUCUGUGGGGA-3', 5'-UCCCCACAGACCCAGAGCCG-3'; negative control of mimic miR-760 sequence: 5'-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3', 5'-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT-3'; inhibitor miR-760 sequence: 5'-UCCCCACAGACCCAGAGCCG-3'; negative control of inhibitor miR-760 sequence: 5'-CAGUACUUUUGUGUAGUACAA-3'. In addition, the pLVX vector was used for HBEGF overexpression and knockdown. Vector sequence diagrams are described in Additional file 1.
Zhu Y., Zhang C., Jiang B, & Dong Q. (2023). MiR-760 targets HBEGF to control cartilage extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 186.
Publication 2023
Cells Chondrocyte Cloning Vectors HBEGF protein, human Homo sapiens Lipofectamine Transfection

Top products related to «Chondrocyte»

1
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
2
Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.
7
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Penicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
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The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.

More about "Chondrocyte"

Chondrocytes are the essential cellular components of cartilage, responsible for the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix.
These specialized cells are found within the lacunae of various cartilage types, including hyaline, fibrous, and elastic.
Chondrocytes play a crucial role in the development, growth, and repair of cartilaginous tissues, making them a focal point for research in the field of cartilage regeneration and the treatment of cartilage-related disorders like osteoarthritis.
Researchers can leverage cutting-edge AI-powered platforms like PubCompare.ai to optimize their chondrocyte studies.
These tools enable the identification of the most effective protocols, methods, and products from the vast body of literature, preprints, and patents.
By leveraging AI-driven comparisons, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their chondrocyte experiments, empowering them to uncover the most effective approaches for their research.
In chondrocyte studies, researchers often utilize a variety of cell culture techniques and reagents, such as Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) for cell growth, TRIzol reagent for RNA extraction, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) as a culture medium, Lipofectamine 2000 for gene transfection, and antibiotics like Penicillin/Streptomycin to prevent microbial contamination.
Additionally, DMEM/F12 media and the RNeasy Mini Kit may be employed for specialized applications.
By understanding and optimizing the use of these essential tools and techniques, researchers can ensure the success of their chondrocyte investigations and drive advancements in the field of cartilage biology and regenerative medicine.