MCF-7, ZR75-1, T-47D and BT-474 human cell lines were obtained from ATCC and grown in the relevant media. TAM-R cells13 (link) were a kind gift from Dr Iain Hutcheson and Prof. Robert Nicholson (Cardiff). The ER+ breast cancer tumours were obtained from the Nottingham Tenovus primary breast cancer series, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK with appropriate ethical approval from the repositories. The malignant pericardial effusion and the two distant metastases were obtained from Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. For ChIP in the tumours and metastases, the frozen sample was cut into smaller pieces prior to ChIP, which was then performed as previously described16 . For the malignant pericardial effusion, epithelial cells were first enriched using Dynabeads conjugated with Epcam17 (link). For ChIPs from cell line material, proliferating cells were cross-linked and processed for ChIP as previously described16 . The antibodies used were anti-ER (sc-543) from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies and anti-FoxA1 (ab5089) from Abcam. Sequences generated by the Illumina Genome Analyzer were processed by the Illumina analysis pipeline version 1.6.1, and aligned to the Human Reference Genome (assembly hg18, NCBI Build 36.1, March 2008) using BWA version 0.5.518 . Differential binding analysis was performed using the DiffBind package19 . For immunohistochemical analyses, ER staining was conducted using the 6F11/2 mouse monoclonal antibody (Novocastra, Leica Microsystems, Bucks, UK) and FoxA1 staining was conducted using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (ab23738) from Abcam. An Allred scoring system was used to assess staining accounting for both staining intensity and the proportion of cells stained.
Epithelial Cells
Epithelial Cells: A diverse group of cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body, playing crucial roles in tissue structure, barrier function, and signaling.
These cells exhibit a wide range of specialized functions, depending on their location and physiological context.
Epithelial cells are essential for processes such as absorption, secretion, filtration, and protection against environmental insults.
Their study is of great importance in understanding tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and the pathogenesis of epithelial-derived diseases, including cancer.
Reasearchers can leverage the power of PubComapre.ai to streamline their epithelial cell research, locating reliable protocols and identifying optimal techniques and products to maximize reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.
These cells exhibit a wide range of specialized functions, depending on their location and physiological context.
Epithelial cells are essential for processes such as absorption, secretion, filtration, and protection against environmental insults.
Their study is of great importance in understanding tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and the pathogenesis of epithelial-derived diseases, including cancer.
Reasearchers can leverage the power of PubComapre.ai to streamline their epithelial cell research, locating reliable protocols and identifying optimal techniques and products to maximize reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.
Most cited protocols related to «Epithelial Cells»
Antibodies
Breast Carcinoma
Breast Neoplasm
Cell Lines
DNA Chips
Effusion, Pericardial
Epithelial Cells
FOXA1 protein, human
Freezing
Genome
Genome, Human
Homo sapiens
Immunoglobulins
Malignant Neoplasms
Monoclonal Antibodies
Mus
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasms
Rabbits
Preprocessing steps were applied as described above. QuPath’s Cell detection command was then used to identify cells across all cores based upon nuclear staining. This command additionally estimates the full extent of each cell based upon a constrained expansion of the nucleus region, and calculates up to 33 measurements of intensity and morphology, including nucleus area, circularity, staining intensity for hematoxylin and DAB, and nucleus/cell area ratio. Because not all of these measurements are expected to provide independent or useful information with regard to cell classification, a subset of 16 measurements was chosen empirically and supplemented for each cell by measuring the local density of cells, and taking a Gaussian-weighted sum of the corresponding measurements within neighboring cells using QuPath’s Add smoothed features command. A two-way random trees classifier was then interactively trained to distinguish tumor epithelial cells from all other detections (comprising non-epithelial cells, necrosis, or any artefacts misidentified as cells) and applied across all slides (see Supplementary Video 2 ). Intensity thresholds were set to further subclassify tumor cells as being negative, weak, moderate or strongly positive for p53 staining based upon mean nuclear DAB optical densities. An H-score was calculated for each tissue core by adding 3x% strongly stained tumor nuclei, 2x% moderately stained tumor nuclei, and 1x% weakly stained tumor nuclei32 (link), giving results in the range 0 (all tumor nuclei negative) to 300 (all tumor nuclei strongly positive).
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Cell Nucleus
Cells
Debility
Epithelial Cells
Hematoxylin
Necrosis
Neoplasms
Neoplasms, Epithelial
Tissues
Trees
Vision
BSC1 (monkey kidney epithelial) cells stably expressing rat brain clathrin light chain-EGFP (kindly provided by T. Kirchhausen, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) were cultured and prepared as specified in Supplementary Note 13 online. For live cell imaging, BSC1 cells were plated on glass coverslips, and through-the-objective TIR-FM was performed on a Nikon TE2000U inverted microscope using a 100X/1.45NA oil-immersion objective. Images were captured at 0.5 Hz with 200ms exposure time using a Hamamatsu Orca II-ERG.
Brain
Cells
Clathrin Light Chains
Epithelial Cells
Kidney
Microscopy
Monkeys
Orcinus orca
Submersion
Breast
Cell Lines
Cells
Culture Media
Epithelial Cells
Females
Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal
MCF-7 Cells
Tissues
Annexin A5
Apoptosis
Arm, Upper
bcl-X Protein
Cells
Chromosomes
Cloning Vectors
Electricity
Epithelial Cells
Gene Deletion
Genes
Genotype
Immunoblotting
Immunoglobulins
Lung
Malignant Neoplasms
MCL1 protein, human
Mice, Nude
Neoplasms
Promega
Propidium Iodide
Retroviridae
RNA, Small Interfering
RNA Interference
Short Hairpin RNA
Simian virus 40
Tissues
Transfection
Most recents protocols related to «Epithelial Cells»
Example 7
The MTT Cell Proliferation assay determines cell survival following apple stem cell extract treatment. The purpose was to evaluate the potential anti-tumor activity of apple stem cell extracts as well as to evaluate the dose-dependent cell cytotoxicity.
Principle: Treated cells are exposed to 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). MTT enters living cells and passes into the mitochondria where it is reduced by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase to an insoluble, colored (dark purple) formazan product. The cells are then solubilized with DMSO and the released, solubilized formazan is measured spectrophotometrically. The MTT assay measures cell viability based on the generation of reducing equivalents. Reduction of MTT only occurs in metabolically active cells, so the level of activity is a measure of the viability of the cells. The percentage cell viability is calculated against untreated cells.
Method: A549 and NCI-H520 lung cancer cell lines and L132 lung epithelial cell line were used to determine the plant stem cell treatment tumor-specific cytotoxicity. The cell lines were maintained in Minimal Essential Media supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) in a 5% CO2 at 37 Celsius. Cells were seeded at 5×103 cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated for 48 hours. Triplicates of eight concentrations of the apple stem cell extract were added to the media and cells were incubated for 24 hours. This was followed by removal of media and subsequent washing with the phosphate saline solution. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT Cell Proliferation Kit I (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) New medium containing 50 μl of MTT solution (5 mg/ml) was added to each well and cultures were incubated a further 4 hours. Following this incubation, DMSO was added and the cell viability was determined by the absorbance at 570 nm by a microplate reader.
In order to determine the effectiveness of apple stem cell extracts as an anti-tumor biological agent, an MTT assay was carried out and IC50 values were calculated. IC50 is the half maximal inhibitory function concentration of a drug or compound required to inhibit a biological process. The measured process is cell death.
Results: ASC-Treated Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line A549.
Results: ASC-Treated Human Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line NCI-H520.
Results: ASC-treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132.
Summary Results: Cytotoxicity of Apple Stem Cell Extracts.
Apple stem cell extracts killed lung cancer cells lines A549 and NCI-H520 at relatively low doses: IC50s were 12.58 and 10.21 μg/ml respectively as compared to 127.46 μg/ml for the lung epithelial cell line L132. Near complete anti-tumor activity was seen at a dose of 250 μg/ml in both the lung cancer cell lines. This same dose spared more than one half of the L132 cells. See Tables 7-10. The data revealed that apple stem cell extract is cytotoxic to lung cancer cells while sparing lung epithelial cells.
Example 9
The experiment of Example 7 was repeated substituting other plant materials for ASC. Plant stem cell materials included Dandelion Root Extract (DRE), Aloe Vera Juice (AVJ), Apple Fiber Powder (AFP), Ginkgo Leaf Extract (GLE), Lingonberry Stem Cells (LSC), Orchid Stem Cells (OSC) as described in Examples 1 and 2. The concentrations of plant materials used were nominally 250, 100, 50, 25, 6.25, 3.125, 1.562, and 0.781 μg/mL. These materials were tested only for cells the human lung epithelial cell line L132 (as a proxy for normal epithelial cells) and for cells of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 (as a proxy for lung cancer cells).
A549 cells lung cancer cell line cytotoxicity results for each of the treatment materials.
DRE-Treated Lung Cancer Cell Line A549 Cells.
AVJ-Treated Lung Cancer Cell line A549 Cells.
AFP-Treated Lung Cancer Cell line A549 Cells.
GLE-treated Lung Cancer Cell line A549 Cells.
LSC-treated lung cancer cell lines A549 cells.
OSC-treated Lung Cancer Cell line A549 Cells.
L132 cells (“normal” lung epithelial cell line) cytotoxicity results for each of the treatment materials.
DRE-Treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132 cells.
AVJ-Treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132 cells.
AFP-Treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132 cells.
GLE-Treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132 cells.
LSC-Treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132 cells.
OSC-Treated Lung Epithelial Cell Line L132 cells.
Calculated values.
Full text: Click here
14-3-3 Proteins
43-63
61-26
A549 Cells
Action Potentials
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
Aloe
Aloe vera
Antineoplastic Agents
Biological Assay
Biological Factors
Biological Processes
Bromides
Cardiac Arrest
Cell Death
Cell Extracts
Cell Lines
Cell Proliferation
Cells
Cell Survival
Cytotoxin
diphenyl
DNA Replication
Epistropheus
Epithelial Cells
Fibrosis
Formazans
Genetic Selection
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba extract
Homo sapiens
Lingonberry
Lung
Lung Cancer
Lung Neoplasms
Malignant Neoplasms
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial Inheritance
Neoplasms
Neoplastic Stem Cells
Oral Cavity
PEG SD-01
Penicillins
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Phosphates
Plant Cells
Plant Leaves
Plant Roots
Plants
Powder
Psychological Inhibition
Saline Solution
SD 31
SD 62
SEM-76
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Stem, Plant
Stem Cells
Streptomycin
Succinate Dehydrogenase
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Taraxacum
Tetrazolium Salts
Example 14
In contrast to the previous experimental infection using specific pathogen-free Beagles (Crawford et al., 2005), the virus-inoculated mongrel dogs had pneumonia as evidenced by gross and histological analyses of the lungs from days 1 to 6 p.i. In addition to pneumonia, the dogs had rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis similar to that described in naturally infected dogs (Crawford et al., 2005). There was epithelial necrosis and erosion of the lining of the airways and bronchial glands with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration of the submucosal tissues (
Full text: Click here
Antigens, Viral
Autopsy
Bacteria
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Bronchiolitis
Bronchitis
Canis familiaris
Epithelial Cells
Immunohistochemistry
Infection
Lung
Macrophage
Necrosis
Neutrophil
Pneumonia
Respiratory Rate
Rhinitis
Specific Pathogen Free
Superinfection
Tissues
Tracheitis
Virus
Example 6
The Effect of ARTS Mimetic Small Molecule A4 on Premalignant Cells
Acini-like organoids forms hollow lumen after 10 to 12 days in 3D culture system and remain hollow thereafter (Muthuswamy et al., 2001). Plasmids introduced by transient cell transfection are only expressed for a limited period of time, as they are not integrated into the genome and therefore may be lost by environmental factors and cell division. Therefore, the inventors next examined whether introduction of small-molecules may mimic ARTS function, specifically in inducing lumen formation and reversion of pre-malignant cells to a normal-like phenotype. The inventors thus tested initially the effect of the ARTS mimetic small molecule A4 on induction of apoptosis in 2D culture.
As shown in
Full text: Click here
Apoptosis
Breast
Cell Proliferation
Cells
Division, Cell
Epithelial Cells
Genome
Inventors
Organoids
Phenotype
Plasmids
Precancerous Conditions
Proteins
Signal Transduction Pathways
Transfection
Transforming Growth Factor beta
Transients
Example 18
Demonstrating the Selectivity of Stem Cell Derived Neutrophils CKA for Cancer Cells
Neutrophils derived from CD34+ stem cells of three different donors were tested for CKA against both HeLa cells (cervical cancer), PANC-1 cells (pancreatic cancer) as well as non-cancer MCF-12F cells (normal breast epithelial cells).
Similar results were obtained for SCDNs of donors LC252, LC253 and LC254 (
Full text: Click here
Biological Assay
Breast
Cells
Cervical Cancer
Cytotoxin
Donors
Epithelial Cells
HeLa Cells
Malignant Neoplasms
Neutrophil
Pancreatic Cancer
Stem, Plant
Stem Cells
Tissue Donors
Example 4
Cell-based using assays using human lens epithelial cell lines SRA 01/04 and B3 were also performed. The cells were exposed to UV or heat and cell viability assessed 24 hours post-exposure by Alamar blue staining. The results are shown in
Ectopic expression of AAC-EGFP in B-3 cells shows that AAC forms inclusions that co-localize with p62 (arrows) (
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Alamar Blue
B-Lymphocytes
Biological Assay
Catechols
Cell Lines
Cells
Cell Survival
Ectopic Gene Expression
Epithelial Cells
Homo sapiens
Inclusion Bodies
Lens, Crystalline
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Sedaghatian type
Top products related to «Epithelial Cells»
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
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RPMI 1640 is a common cell culture medium used for the in vitro cultivation of a variety of cells, including human and animal cells. It provides a balanced salt solution and a source of essential nutrients and growth factors to support cell growth and proliferation.
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Lipofectamine 2000 is a cationic lipid-based transfection reagent designed for efficient and reliable delivery of nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA), into a wide range of eukaryotic cell types. It facilitates the formation of complexes between the nucleic acid and the lipid components, which can then be introduced into cells to enable gene expression or gene silencing studies.
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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.
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MDA-MB-231 is a cell line derived from a human breast adenocarcinoma. This cell line is commonly used in cancer research and is known for its aggressive and metastatic properties.
More about "Epithelial Cells"
Epithelial cells are a diverse group of cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body, playing crucial roles in tissue structure, barrier function, and signaling.
These specialized cells, also known as epitheliocytes, can be found in a wide range of physiological contexts, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and urinary system, among others.
Epithelial cells exhibit a vast array of functions, depending on their location and physiological context.
They are essential for processes like absorption, secretion, filtration, and protection against environmental insults.
These cells are pivotal in understanding tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and the pathogenesis of epithelial-derived diseases, including cancer.
Researchers studying epithelial cells often utilize various cell culture media and reagents, such as Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), RPMI 1640 medium, Penicillin/Streptomycin, and Lipofectamine 2000.
These tools and materials help maintain and manipulate epithelial cell lines, such as the widely used MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, in order to conduct groundbreaking research.
To streamline epithelial cell research and maximize reproducibility, researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that helps locate reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing data-driven comparisons to identify the optimal techniques and products.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai's intuitive tools, scientists can ensure accuracy and efficiency in their epithelial cell studies, leading to valuable insights and advancements in the field.
These specialized cells, also known as epitheliocytes, can be found in a wide range of physiological contexts, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and urinary system, among others.
Epithelial cells exhibit a vast array of functions, depending on their location and physiological context.
They are essential for processes like absorption, secretion, filtration, and protection against environmental insults.
These cells are pivotal in understanding tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and the pathogenesis of epithelial-derived diseases, including cancer.
Researchers studying epithelial cells often utilize various cell culture media and reagents, such as Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), RPMI 1640 medium, Penicillin/Streptomycin, and Lipofectamine 2000.
These tools and materials help maintain and manipulate epithelial cell lines, such as the widely used MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, in order to conduct groundbreaking research.
To streamline epithelial cell research and maximize reproducibility, researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that helps locate reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing data-driven comparisons to identify the optimal techniques and products.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai's intuitive tools, scientists can ensure accuracy and efficiency in their epithelial cell studies, leading to valuable insights and advancements in the field.