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Haploid Cell

Q: What are the common types or variations of haploid cells?

The most common types of haploid cells are sperm cells and egg cells (also known as gametes) in animals, and pollen grains and egg cells in plants. Haploid cells can also be found in fungi, where they are involved in the sexual reproduction process.

Haploid cells are specialized cells that contain a single set of chromosomes, in contrast to diploid cells which have two sets.
These cells play a crucial role in sexual reproduction, allowing for genetic diversity through the fusion of haploid gametes.
Haploid cells are found in various organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi, and are essential for processes such as gametogenesis, meiosis, and fertilization.
Understanding the biology and behavior of haploid cells is crucial for research in fields like developmental biology, genetics, and reproductive medicine.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparison platform can help streamline your haploid cell research by providing access to relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, as well as intelligent comparisons to identify the best approaches for your needs.
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Most cited protocols related to «Haploid Cell»

Differentiation of hESCs and hiPSCs into Haploid Cells

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Publication 2012

2-Mercaptoethanol Adult Germline Stem Cells Cells DyeCycle Violet Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Formaldehyde Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Glutamine Haploid Cell HEPES Homo sapiens Human Embryonic Stem Cells Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Insulin Linoleic Acid Linolenic Acid Lysine Mus NRG1 protein, human Oleic Acid Palmitic Acid palmitoleic acid Parent Penicillins Poly A Putrescine Selenite, Sodium Serum Albumin, Bovine Stains stearic acid Streptomycin Transferrin

Synthetic Diploid Benchmark for Small Variants

A new “synthetic-diploid” benchmark callset was created from long read assemblies of the CHM1 and CHM13 haploid cell lines, in order to benchmark small variant calls in regions difficult to analyze with short reads or in diploid genomes, which are currently excluded from the GIAB and Platinum Genomes high-confidence regions.^{7 (link)} Because it is based on long reads, performance metrics are likely less biased toward any short read sequencing technology or informatics method, and it enables benchmarking in regions difficult to map with short reads. However, because it currently contains some errors that were not corrected in the long reads, it requires a less stringent benchmarking methodology similar to the “local match” method described below. It also excludes 1bp indels from performance assessment since long read assemblies contain 1bp indel errors, and >50bp indels because these are not analyzed. Therefore, it is currently not as useful for assessing accuracy of genotypes or accuracy of the exact sequence change predicted in the REF and ALT fields. When using GA4GH tools requiring genotypes to match, the majority of FPs and FNs may not be errors in the query callset, though work is underway to improve this. Nevertheless, it is likely to be complementary to the GA4GH benchmarking strategy by enabling users to assess accuracy in more difficult regions that GIAB and Platinum Genomes currently exclude from their high confidence regions. In particular, because the truth set was not developed from short reads, and errors in the truth may be different from errors in short reads, it may better assess of relative performance between short read-based methods, particularly in more difficult genomic regions. A current limitation is that CHM1 and CHM13 cell lines are not available in a public repository.

Krusche P., Trigg L., Boutros P.C., Mason C.E., De La Vega F.M., Moore B.L., Gonzalez-Porta M., Eberle M.A., Tezak Z., Lababidi S., Truty R., Asimenos G., Funke B., Fleharty M., Chapman B.A., Salit M, & Zook J.M. (2019). Best Practices for Benchmarking Germline Small Variant Calls in Human Genomes. Nature biotechnology, 37(5), 555-560.

Publication 2019

Cell Lines Diploidy Genome Genotype Haploid Cell INDEL Mutation Platinum

Stringent Filtering for Noise-Sensitive Single-Cell Hi-C

Since structural modelling is sensitive to low levels of noise, haploid G1 cells were processed using stringent contact filtering to remove contacts that are more likely to be technical artefacts. We first used HiCUP27 (link), applying a di-tag size selection from 50 bps to 850bps, for mapping di-tags and filtering out common Hi-C artefacts. Putative PCR duplicates were not removed by HiCUP, instead the filtered data was then passed a new tool (SiCUP) for further single-cell Hi-C specific filtering. We removed reads mapping to the Y chromosome, to short restriction fragment (less than 21bps) and to regions defined as problematic by ENCODE. We also filtered reads mapping to fragment ends forming multiple interactions in one percent or more of the datasets. To avoid potential artefacts we removed singleton di-tags. In haploid G1 cells there is only one copy of the genome, hence after removal of PCR-duplicates each observed fragment end should be in contact with at most one other fragment end. Consequently, multiple contacts from the same fragment were removed entirely. An exception to this was when a fragment end (A) interacted with two other fragments ends (B and C) which were close together (defined here as when B and C were within 20 MboI fragments). In such instances the strand orientation of the reads mapping to B and C were typically the same, to a degree not expected by chance (as defined by a chi-squared test when evaluating the whole dataset). We reasoned that in such instances these apparently distinct interactions were in fact derived from one initial Hi-C interaction. Consequently, when this was observed, not all the di-tags were discarded. Instead, if the Hi-C interaction was in trans, a random di-tag was discarded. Alternatively, when the Hi-C interaction was in cis, the di-tag representing the shortest Hi-C interaction was retained.
We also filtered out unsupported contacts. For each cell, using the filtered contacts, we first derived a connectivity graph of the genome. Nodes of the graph represented 1Mb segments of the genome, and each edge represented a single contact mapped onto 1 Mb resolution, so any two nodes of the graph might be connected by more than one edge. We defined a contact as unsupported if upon deletion of that contact, the shortest path connecting its two end nodes would be longer than 3 edges. These unsupported contacts (median 1.06% of contacts, Extended Data Fig. 10a) were removed from the sc-HiC libraries before 3D modelling.

Nagano T., Lubling Y., Várnai C., Dudley C., Leung W., Baran Y., Mendelson-Cohen N., Wingett S., Fraser P, & Tanay A. (2017). Cell-cycle dynamics of chromosomal organisation at single-cell resolution. Nature, 547(7661), 61-67.

Publication 2017

Cells Deletion Mutation Genome Haploid Cell

Multi-species Whole Genome Alignment Protocol

All Cactus alignments, except the 14-way mammal alignment, were generated using Progressive Cactus (https://github.com/glennhickey/ProgressiveCactus) commit 91d6344. For the mouse-rat alignment, the guide tree was

(((Lesser_Egyptian_jerboa:0.1,(Mouse:0.084509,Rat:0.091589)mouse_rat:0.107923)rodent :0.148738,Rabbit:0.21569)glires:0.015313,Human:0.143908).

For the primate alignments, the guide tree was

(((((((Susie_Gorilla:0.008964,(Human:0.00655,Clint_Chimp:0.00684)human_chimp:0.00122) gorilla_chimp_human:0.009693, Susie_Orangutan:
0.01894)great_ape:0.003471,Gibbon:0.02227) great_ape_gibbon:0.01204,Rhesus:0.004991)old_
world_monkey:0.02183,Squirrel_monkey:0.01035)monkey:0.05209,Bushbaby:0.1194)primate_anc:
0.013494,Mouse:0.084509).

An identical tree (with different assembly names) was used for the alignment of current reference great apes.
For the diploid human alignments, the two haploid cell lines (PacBio) or all human haplotypes (10x) were placed under the same node with a very short branch length, with chimpanzee as outgroup. The guide trees were

((hg38:0.001,chm1:0.001,chm13:0.001)human:0.01,chimp:0.01)

and

((hg38:0.001,HG00512-H1:.001,HG00512-H2:.001,NA12878-H1:.001,NA12878-H2:.001,NA19240-H1:.001, NA19240-H2:.001,NA24385-H1:.001,
NA24385-H2:.001)human:0.01,chimp:0.01),

representing a star phylogeny of the three human assemblies. For the 14-way mammal alignment, the Progressive Cactus commit used was e3c6055 and the guide tree was

((((oryCun2:0.21,((Pahari_EiJ:0.03,mm10:0.025107)1:0.02,rn6:0.013)1:0.252)1:0.01,((((hg19:
0.00642915,panTro4:0.00638042)1:0.00217637,gorGor3:0.00882142)1:0.00935116,ponAbe2:
0.0185056)1:0.00440069,rheMac3:0.007)1:0.1)1:0.02,((oviAri3:0.019,bosTau8:0.0506) 1:0.17,
(canFam3:0.11,felCat8:0.08)1:0.06)1:0.02)1:0.02,loxAfr3:0.15).

Slightly out-of-date versions of some assemblies (hg19 and rheMac3) were used because a collaborator had data on those assemblies that they wished to use the alignment to analyze. The rodent and primate subtrees were first aligned separately (the rodent subtree originally included additional mouse strains) (Lilue et al. 2018 (link); Thybert et al. 2018 (link)). The two subtrees were then “stitched” together into a single alignment by aligning together their roots along with several Laurasiatheria genomes. This was done to save alignment time by reusing existing alignments.

Fiddes I.T., Armstrong J., Diekhans M., Nachtweide S., Kronenberg Z.N., Underwood J.G., Gordon D., Earl D., Keane T., Eichler E.E., Haussler D., Stanke M, & Paten B. (2018). Comparative Annotation Toolkit (CAT)—simultaneous clade and personal genome annotation. Genome Research, 28(7), 1029-1038.

Publication 2018

Bush Babies Cactaceae Cercopithecidae Diploidy Genome Gibbons Gorilla gorilla Haploid Cell Haplotypes Homo sapiens Jerboas Macaca mulatta Mammals Mice, House Monkeys Pan troglodytes Plant Roots Pongidae Pongo pygmaeus Primates Rabbits Rodent Saimirus Strains Trees

Transcriptome Analysis of Sugarcane Smut Fungus

The S. scitamineum SSC39 teliospores (> 90% viability) were mixed with saline solution and used to inoculate sugarcane plants of the smut susceptible variety “RB92-5345”. Single budded sets of 7 month-old plants were surface disinfected, heat treated (52°C for 30 min in water bath, 1 kg of buds/6L of water) and incubated for 16 h at 28°C. Sets were then placed on trays with buds facing upwards, and inoculated using the wound-paste method [43 (link)]. Pots were kept in the greenhouse arranged into a completely randomized experimental design. Fungal transcriptome profiles were obtained 5 days after inoculation (DAI) from tissues of the breaking buds and at 200 DAI from the base of the whip-like structure emission (where intense fungal cell division and sporogenesis occurs). For in vitro transcriptome analysis, haploid yeast-like cells of opposite mating-types were grown separately in liquid medium [44 (link)] in a orbital shaker for 15 h at 28°C. Cells of both mating-types were mixed prior to RNA extraction. All samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after collection and stored at -80°C. Three biological replicates were systematically used.
Total RNA extraction from 5 DAI samples was performed using the lithium chloride based method [45 (link), 46 ]. TRIzol Reagent (Life Technologies, UK) was used for RNA extraction from 200 DAI samples and control cells. DNA was extracted from the same 5 DAI samples to confirm infection before the construction of RNAseq libraries. The rDNA ITS region was amplified with primers Hs and Ha [19 ] to confirm the presence of S. scitamineum.
Libraries were constructed following Illumina manufacturer’s protocol of the “TruSeq RNA Sample Prep v2 Low Throughput (LT)” kit. Paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform (HiScanSQ). Reads were analyzed by FASTQC (ver. 0.10.1) and low quality bases (phred ≥ 20), Illumina adapters and poly-A tails were removed using the Seqyclean program (ver. 1.8.10). The RNAseq fungal reads from the 5 DAI and 200 DAI plant materials were recovered from the total reads by mapping to the complete genome of S. scitamineum SSC39B strain using Bowtie2 [47 (link)]. RNAseq reads were also aligned to all S. scitamineum coding sequences, using Bowtie2 with default parameters to determine the % of CDSs length coverage.
Differential transcript accumulation among treatments (5 DAI and 200 DAI and controls) was observed using the CLC Genomics Workbench V7.01. Fungal reads were mapped to CDSs of S. scitamineum (100% of nucleotide identity and 98% of coverage). The mapping of at least one read pair in all three replicates was considered to be a positive match. Scaling approach as implemented in the CLC software was used as the normalization method. Baggerley’s test and the false discovery rate (FDR) with a significance level of ≤ 0.01 and Log₂FoldChange ≥ 2 or ≤ -2 (treatment/control) were applied to generate a set of differentially expressed genes. Transcripts were considered specific to the interaction with sugarcane if at least one pair of reads mapped to all three replicates of each of the treatments and none to the control. Enrichment test of GO terms were performed with the BLAST2GO tool using the two-side Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value < 0.05).

Taniguti L.M., Schaker P.D., Benevenuto J., Peters L.P., Carvalho G., Palhares A., Quecine M.C., Nunes F.R., Kmit M.C., Wai A., Hausner G., Aitken K.S., Berkman P.J., Fraser J.A., Moolhuijzen P.M., Coutinho L.L., Creste S., Vieira M.L., Kitajima J.P, & Monteiro-Vitorello C.B. (2015). Complete Genome Sequence of Sporisorium scitamineum and Biotrophic Interaction Transcriptome with Sugarcane. PLoS ONE, 10(6), e0129318.

Publication 2015

Bath Biopharmaceuticals Cells Chloride, Lithium Division, Cell Exons Freezing Fungal Vaccines Gene Expression Profiling Genes, vif Haploid Cell Infection Marijuana Abuse Nitrogen Nucleotides Oligonucleotide Primers Pastes Plants Poly(A) Tail Recombinant DNA Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharum Saline Solution Strains Tissues Triglyceride Storage Disease with Ichthyosis trizol Ustilaginales Vaccination Wounds

Most recents protocols related to «Haploid Cell»

Generation and Maintenance of Haploid Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Not available on PMC !

Example 3

We generated and analyzed a collection of 14 early-passage (passage ≤9) human pES cell lines for the persistence of haploid cells. All cell lines originated from activated oocytes displaying second polar body extrusion and a single pronucleus. We initially utilized chromosome counting by metaphase spreading and G-banding as a method for unambiguous and quantitative discovery of rare haploid nuclei. Among ten individual pES cell lines, a low proportion of haploid metaphases was found exclusively in a single cell line, pES10 (1.3%, Table 1B). We also used viable FACS with Hoechst 33342 staining, aiming to isolate cells with a DNA content corresponding to less than two chromosomal copies (2c) from four additional lines, leading to the successful enrichment of haploid cells from a second cell line, pES12 (Table 2).

Two individual haploid-enriched ES cell lines were established from both pES10 and pES12 (hereafter referred to as h-pES10 and h-pES12) within five to six rounds of 1c-cell FACS enrichment and expansion (FIG. 1C (pES10), FIG. 5A (pES12)). These cell lines were grown in standard culture conditions for over 30 passages while including cells with a normal haploid karyotype (FIG. 1D, FIG. 5B). However, since diploidization occurred at a rate of 3-9% of the cells per day (FIG. 1E), cell sorting at every three to four passages was required for maintenance and analysis of haploid cells. Further, visualization of ploidy in adherent conditions was enabled by DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (FIG. 1F, FIG. 5c) and quantification of centromere protein foci (FIG. 1G, FIG. 5D; FIG. 6). In addition to their intact karyotype, haploid ES cells did not harbor significant copy number variations (CNVs) relative to their unsorted diploid counterparts (FIG. 5E). Importantly, we did not observe common duplications of specific regions in the two cell lines that would result in pseudo-diploidy. Therefore, genome integrity was preserved throughout haploid-cell isolation and maintenance. As expected, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis demonstrated complete homozygosity of diploid pES10 and pES12 cells across all chromosomes.

Both h-pES10 and h-pES12 exhibited classical human pluripotent stem cell features, including typical colony morphology and alkaline phosphatase activity (FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B). Single haploid ES cells expressed various hallmark pluripotency markers (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, SSEA4 and TRA1-60), as confirmed in essentially pure haploid cultures by centromere foci quantification (>95% haploids) (FIG. 2C, FIG. 7). Notably, selective flow cytometry enabled to validate the expression of two human ES-cell-specific cell surface markers (TRA-1-60 and CLDN6¹⁸) in single haploid cells (FIG. 2D). Moreover, sorted haploid and diploid ES cells showed highly similar transcriptional and epigenetic signatures of pluripotency genes (FIG. 2E, FIG. 2F). Since the haploid ES cells were derived as parthenotes, they featured distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of maternal imprinting, owing to the absence of paternally-inherited alleles (FIG. 8).

Haploid cells are valuable for loss-of-function genetic screening because phenotypically-selectable mutants can be identified upon disruption of a single allele. To demonstrate the applicability of this principle in haploid human ES cells, we generated a genome-wide mutant library using a piggyBac transposon gene trap system that targets transcriptionally active loci (FIG. 2G, FIG. 8E), and screened for resistance to the purine analog 6-thioguanine (6-TG). Out of six isolated and analyzed 6-TG-resistant colonies, three harbored a gene trap insertion localizing to the nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif 5 (NUDT5) autosomal gene (FIG. 2H). NUDT5 disruption was recently confirmed to confer 6-TG resistance in human cells,⁵¹by acting upstream to the production of 5-phospho-D-ribose-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which serves as a phosphoribosyl donor in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1)-mediated conversion of 6-TG to thioguanosine monophosphate (TGMP) (FIG. 2I). Detection of a loss-of-function phenotype due to an autosomal mutation validates that genetic screening is feasible in haploid human ES cells.

US11859232B2. Screening for chemotherapy resistance in human haploid cells (2024-01-02). YISSUM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT COMPANY OF THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM LTD. [IL]. Inventors: Nissim Benvenisty [IL].

Patent 2024

Alkaline Phosphatase Alleles Cell Lines Cell Nucleus Cells Cell Separation Centromere Chromosomes Copy Number Polymorphism Diphosphates Diploid Cell Diploidy Embryonic Stem Cells Flow Cytometry Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Genes Genes, vif Genitalia Genome Genomic Library Haploid Cell HOE 33342 Homo sapiens Homozygote Human Embryonic Stem Cells Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase isolation Jumping Genes Karyotype Metaphase Mothers Mutation Nucleosides Oocytes Phenotype Pluripotent Stem Cells Polar Bodies POU5F1 protein, human Proteins purine Ribose Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SOX2 protein, human stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 Tissue Donors Transcription, Genetic

Scanning Electron Microscopy of E. coli

For SEM, cells of the wild‐type haploid E. coli and the diploid E. coli in the exponential phase were harvested, and washed three times with phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.2). The samples were fixed for 2 h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and post‐fixed for 1 h with 1% of osmium tetroxide. The samples were dehydrated with ethanol and dried in an automated critical point dryer (Leica EM CPD300). Then, the samples were coated with platinum and observed under a scanning microscope (Hitachi SU8010).

Wang P., Zhao D., Li J., Su J., Zhang C., Li S., Fan F., Dai Z., Liao X., Mao Z., Bi C, & Zhang X. (2023). Artificial Diploid Escherichia coli by a CRISPR Chromosome‐Doubling Technique. Advanced Science, 10(7), 2205855.

Publication 2023

Desiccation Diploidy Escherichia coli Ethanol Glutaral Haploid Cell Microscopy Osmium Tetroxide Phosphates Platinum Saline Solution

UV Tolerance Test for E. coli Survival

A scheme of the UV tolerance test for characterizing the survival of diploid E. coli is illustrated in Figure 6. Diploid and wild‐type haploid E. coli cells in the exponential phase were diluted and spread on LB plates with and without antibiotics. The cells were diluted by 10²‐fold for exposing to UV radiation in a sterile cabinet, and the reference without UV exposure was diluted 10⁵‐fold. The SRs of the two strains were calculated using Equation (2).

2 SR = N_{1} / N_{2} \times 10^{- 3} %

where N₁ and N₂ represented the number of clones with and without UV exposure, respectively. The experiments were done in triplicate.

Publication 2023

Antibiotics, Antitubercular Cells Clone Cells Diploidy Escherichia coli Haploid Cell Immune Tolerance Radiation Exposure Sterility, Reproductive Strains

Diverse S. cerevisiae Strains and Plasmids

Strains, plasmids, and oligonucleotide sequences used in this study are listed in Dataset S3. All constructed plasmids were sequence-verified using Sanger sequencing (Eurofins Genomics, Louisville, KY, USA).
The 16-isolate panel of diverse S. cerevisiae strains, MSY24-MSY39, was composed of stable haploid strains made by Bloom et al. (24 (link)) and were gifts from Leonid Kruglyak, as well as MSY1 and MSY8 and the panel of BY × RM segregants (29 (link)). MS300c (MSY20) and 192.2d (MSY21) were gifts from David Drubin (19 (link)).
We generated a diploid K28-secreting strain for production of toxin-containing supernatant (described in the section “Preparation of Toxic and Nontoxic Supernatants” below). As this supernatant was to be applied to haploid cells of either a or alpha mating type, we designed our K28-secreting strain to be diploid so that it would not release mating pheromone into the media. A K28 hypersecretor, MS300c [MATalpha leu2 ski2-2 {M28 infected}] (53 (link)), was mated to ski2Δ (MATa his3Δ leu2Δ met15Δ ura3Δ ski2Δ::KanMX) from the MATa knockout collection (Transomic, Huntsville, AL) to produce a hypersecretor diploid (ski2Δ/ski2-2) strain, MSY52, that is infected with the M28 virus and preserves the hypersecreting phenotype due to the absence of SKI2 function.
We generated a virus-cured strain for production of nontoxic control media. Virus curing was performed by growth of MSY52 at high temperature (54 (link)). MSY52 was pregrown in liquid YPD media overnight at 37 °C (elevated) or 30 °C (control). Cultures were diluted in fresh YPD to a density of approximately 500 cells/200 μL, at which point 200 μL of cultures were pipetted onto YPD agar plates. After a 2-day incubation at respective temperatures (30 or 37 °C), colonies were replica-plated onto Methylene Blue Agar (MBA) plates (pH 4.7) seeded with lawns of the K28-hypersensitive 192.2d strain (MSY21). All 30 °C control colonies showed killer activity, indicated by the inability of 192.2d to grow in their vicinity. Several colonies from the 37 °C plate no longer exhibited killer phenotype, one of which was selected and named MSY53. The absence of M28 virus was confirmed by virus typing assay (see below).
uip3Δ, ktd1Δ (MSY123), and mnn2Δ were taken from the MATa knockout collection.
NOP1pro-GFP-KTD1 (CMY2365) was taken from the SWAp-Tag collection (35 (link)). Strains for colocalization studies (CMY2377, 2379, and 2380) were generated by crossing CMY2365 to strains expressing mCherry-tagged proteins with known localization. The strains carrying KTD1 expressed from its native promoter and fused with GFP or mCherry (CMY2362, 2363) were generated by C-terminal tagging (55 (link)). The ktd1∆ strain carrying STE3-GFP-DUb (CMY2390) was generated by knocking STE3-GFP-DUb::HIS3 into the his3Δ locus. All transformations used standard lithium acetate transformation procedures (56 ).
The remaining strains in Dataset S3A were generated by transforming ktd1Δ, mnn2Δ, RM (MSY8), or BY (MSY1) with the plasmids described in Dataset S3B using standard lithium acetate transformation procedures.

Andreev I., Laidlaw K.M., Giovanetti S.M., Urtecho G., Shriner D., Bloom J.S., MacDonald C, & Sadhu M.J. (2023). Discovery of a rapidly evolving yeast defense factor, KTD1, against the secreted killer toxin K28. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(8), e2217194120.

Publication 2023

Agar Biological Assay Diploidy Fever Gifts Haploid Cell Hypersensitivity lithium acetate Methylene Blue Oligonucleotides Phenotype Pheromone Plasmids Proteins Strains Toxins, Biological Virus

CRISPR-Cas9 Engineered Haploid Cell Lines

Human-engineered haploid cells (eHAP cells; Horizon Discovery), eHAP cells with both huANP32A and huANP32B (eHAP dKO) ablated via CRISPR-Cas9, as previously described (14 (link)), or eHAP cells with huANP32A, huANP32B, and huANP32E ablated via CRISPR-Cas9 (eHAP tKO) (gift from Ecco Staller and Ervin Fodor) were maintained in Iscove modified Dulbecco medium (Thermo Fisher) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Labtech), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (pen-strep; Gibco), and 1% nonessential amino acids (NEAA; Gibco). Human embryonic kidney (293Ts; ATCC) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (ATCC) cells were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% pen-strep, and 1% NEAA. When used for infection, 293T cells were cultured on poly-l-lysine-coated plates to aid adherence. All cells were maintained at 37°C and 5% CO₂.

Swann O.C., Rasmussen A.B., Peacock T.P., Sheppard C.M, & Barclay W.S. (2023). Avian Influenza A Virus Polymerase Can Utilize Human ANP32 Proteins To Support cRNA but Not vRNA Synthesis. mBio, 14(1), e03399-22.

Publication 2023

Amino Acids Canis familiaris Cells Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Eagle Embryo Haploid Cell HEK293 Cells Homo sapiens Infection Kidney Lysine Penicillins Poly A Streptococcal Infections Streptomycin

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The FACSAria II is a high-performance cell sorter produced by BD. It is designed for precision cell sorting and analysis. The system utilizes flow cytometry technology to rapidly identify and separate different cell populations within a sample.

What is a haploid cell and how does it differ from a diploid cell?

A haploid cell is a specialized cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, in contrast to diploid cells which have two sets of chromosomes. Haploid cells are essential for sexual reproduction, as they allow for genetic diversity through the fusion of haploid gametes. Haploid cells are found in various organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi, and play a crucial role in processes like gametogenesis, meiosis, and fertilization.

What are the common types or variations of haploid cells?

How can PubCompare.ai assist with haploid cell research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparison platform can help streamline your haploid cell research in several ways. First, it allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently, helping you quickly identify the most relevant protocols from published literature, pre-prints, and patents. Second, the platform's AI-driven analysis can pinpoint critical insights, enabling you to choose the best protocols for your specific research goals based on factors like effectiveness, reproducibility, and accuracy. This can save you time and effort in optimizing your haploid cell research.

What are some common applications of haploid cells?

Haploid cells have a wide range of applications in various fields of study. In reproductive biology, haploid cells are essential for processes like fertilization and genetic diversity. In plant breeding, haploid cells are used to generate homozygous lines, which can accelerate the development of new crop varieties. In stem cell research, haploid embryonic stem cells are being investigated for their potential in gene editing and therapeutic applications. Undrstanfing the biology and behavior of haploid cells is also crucial for research in fields like developmental biology, genetics, and reproductive medicine.

What are some common challenges or considerations when working with haploid cells?

One of the key challenges in working with haploid cells is maintaining their viability and ensuring the accuracy of downstream applications. Haploid cells are often more fragile and sensitive to environmental conditions compared to diploid cells. Researchers must carefully optimize protocols for the isolation, culture, and manipulation of haploid cells to ensure reproducibility and reliable results. Additionally, the unique genetic characteristics of haploid cells require specialized techniques for analysis and manipulation, which can add complexity to the research process.

More about "Haploid Cell"

Haploid cells are specialized cells that contain a single set of chromosomes, as opposed to diploid cells which have two sets.
These cells play a crucial role in sexual reproduction, enabling genetic diversity through the fusion of haploid gametes.
Haploid cells can be found in various organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi, and are essential for processes such as gametogenesis, meiosis, and fertilization.
Hoechst 33342 is a fluorescent dye used to stain DNA in haploid cells, allowing for their identification and sorting via flow cytometry.
Canavanine, an arginine analog, can be used to selectively inhibit the growth of haploid cells in certain organisms.
FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and IMDM (Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium) are commonly used culture media for the maintenance and propagation of haploid cells.
Thialysine is another compound that can be utilized to enrich for haploid cells by inhibiting the growth of diploid cells.
The RoToR bench-top colony arrayer is a tool that can be employed to precisely manipulate and isolate haploid cell colonies.
Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic cocktail to prevent bacterial contamination in haploid cell cultures.
The FACSAria II is a flow cytometry instrument that can be used to efficiently sort and purify haploid cells based on their DNA content or other fluorescent markers.
Understanding the biology and behavior of haploid cells is crucial for research in fields like developmental biology, genetics, and reproductive medicine.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparison platform can help streamline your haploid cell research by providing access to relevant protocols and intelligent comparisons to identify the best approaches for your needs.