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> Anatomy > Cell > Lymphocyte

Lymphocyte

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system.
These cells are responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria, as well as abnormal cells within the body.
Lymphocytes can be divided into two main types: B cells and T cells.
B cells produce antibodies that bind to and neutralize pathogens, while T cells directly attack infected or cancerous cells.
Understanding the function and behavior of lymphocytes is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer.
Researchers in this field utilize advanced techniques, such as flow cytometry and genetic analysis, to study lymphocyte subsets and their interactions with other immune components.
The optimal design and execution of lymphocyte research protocols is crucial for ensuring accurate and reproducible results, which can lead to new insights and therapies for improving human health.

Most cited protocols related to «Lymphocyte»

1
Integrating Immune Profiles with Survival
MCP-counter estimates were first computed for each dataset individually. The resulting scores were then Z-transformed for each dataset individually, leading to similar distributions of the scores across datasets. Datasets from the same cancer were then merged and all MCP-counter variables were binarized using a median cut (leading to “high” and “low” samples for each variable and for each cancer according to their relative position from the cancer’s median value). We selected three tumor classifications from the literature (using B and T cells in lung adenocarcinoma, fibroblasts and cytotoxic lymphocytes in colorectal cancer, and macrophages and cytotoxic lymphocytes in breast cancer). For each of these three cancers, we concatenated the binarized scores for the two variables of interest, leading to four classes (high–high, high–low, low–high, low–low). The corresponding Kaplan–Meier curves for OS were then plotted and the p value of the corresponding log-rank test is reported.
Becht E., Giraldo N.A., Lacroix L., Buttard B., Elarouci N., Petitprez F., Selves J., Laurent-Puig P., Sautès-Fridman C., Fridman W.H, & de Reyniès A. (2016). Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression. Genome Biology, 17, 218.
Publication 2016
Adenocarcinoma of Lung Colorectal Carcinoma Fibroblasts Lymphocyte Macrophage Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms T-Lymphocyte
2
Histological Analysis of TCGA Tumors
We downloaded Biotab clinical information per sample from the TCGA Data portal. Basically, each tumour specimen was embedded in optimal cutting temperature medium, and histologic sections were obtained as top and bottom portions for pathological review. Of ‘biospecimen_slide’ data for each tumour type, we used ‘percentage of infiltrating lymphocyte’, ‘percentage of stromal cells’ and ‘percentage of tumour cells’ to examine the association of our stromal, immune and ESTIMATE scores and histological findings. For samples with multiple slide data, we used the mean of each value in performing correlation analysis.
Yoshihara K., Shahmoradgoli M., Martínez E., Vegesna R., Kim H., Torres-Garcia W., Treviño V., Shen H., Laird P.W., Levine D.A., Carter S.L., Getz G., Stemke-Hale K., Mills G.B, & Verhaak R.G. (2013). Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data. Nature Communications, 4, 2612.
Publication 2013
Cells Lymphocyte Neoplasms Stromal Cells
3
Epigenetic Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Cohort
We profiled the epigenetic landscape of 990 unique donors forming the control cohort of the Assessment of Risk for Colorectal Cancer Tumours in Canada (ARCTIC) project.14 (link) Fifteen μl of lymphocyte-derived DNA extracted (at an average concentration 90 ng/μl) was bisulfite-converted using the EZ-96 DNA Methylation-Gold Kit (Zymo Research, Orange, CA); 4μl of bisulfite-treated DNA was then analyzed on the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip from Illumina according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Intensities were normalized using Illumina’s internal normalization probes and algorithms, without background subtraction. Beta values with assigned detection p-values > 0.01 were treated as missing data. CpG sites with more than 1% missing data across all samples were discarded.
We removed from analysis samples that were outliers with respect to any one of the internal control probes (excluding probes designed to evaluate the background noise and probes designed to normalize the data) and samples that were not of non-Hispanic white ancestry, either self-declared or by investigation of genetic ancestry using genome-wide SNP data. After sample exclusion, we were left with 489 adult males and 357 adult females.
Chen Y.A., Lemire M., Choufani S., Butcher D.T., Grafodatskaya D., Zanke B.W., Gallinger S., Hudson T.J, & Weksberg R. (2013). Discovery of cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs in the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 microarray. Epigenetics, 8(2), 203-209.
Publication 2013
Adult Colorectal Carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms DNA Methylation Donors Genome Gold Health Risk Assessment Hispanics hydrogen sulfite Lymphocyte Males Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms Reproduction Woman
4
Hierarchical Annotation of Immune Populations
We define as a pyramid a directed acyclic graph with a root node. Samples of microenvironment purified cells were labeled according to their reported immune or stromal populations, resulting in 63 distinct labels in the MCP discovery series, with an additional 15 labels for the MCP validation series, resulting in a total of 78 labels. We organized these labels in a pyramidal graph (Additional file 2: Figure S1) with nodes representing populations (categories) and directed edges representing relations of inclusion. For instance, the labels “CD8+ T cells”, “CD4+ T cells”, “Tγδ cells”, “Memory T cells”, “Activated T cells”, and “Naïve T cells” and all labels included in them (for instance “Effector-memory CD8 T cells”) form the “T cells” category, which itself is included in the “T/NK lineage” category. Of these 78 sample labels, some correspond to terminal leaves of this pyramid (e.g., “Canonical CD4 Treg cells”), while others correspond to higher level nodes (e.g., peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (“PBMC”)). In addition to these 78 labels, 15 hematopoiesis or immunology-inspired categories that are not directly represented by samples but relevant for their organization in a structured pyramid (for instance “Lymphocytes”) or as a potential cell population (for instance “antigen-experienced B cells”) were added (Additional file 1: Table S13). Categories corresponding to tumor samples were discarded for the identification of TM and only kept as negative controls, resulting in 68 categories available for screening.
Having defined this set of 78 labels and 68 categories (53 categories are directly represented by labels, with 15 additional categories not directly represented in the dataset), we exhaustively encoded the relationships between labels and categories using three possible relationships (Additional file 1: Table S13). Relative to a category, we define three sets of samples:

C : “positive samples” are those whose label is included in the category (all cells composing a sample which is in C are in the category)

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\begin{document}$$ \overline{C} $$\end{document}C¯ : “negative samples” are those whose label is strictly non-overlapping with the category (all cells of a sample which is in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \overline{C} $$\end{document}C¯ are not in the category)

-1 : “mixed samples” are those whose label is partly overlapping with the category (some cells of the sample are in C and some are in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \overline{C} $$\end{document}C¯).

For instance, for CD8+ T cells, C is the set of samples whose label is “CD8 T cells” or “Effector memory CD8 T cells” (Additional file 2: Figure S1; Additional file 1: Table S13), mixed samples are, for instance, CD3+ T cells as they mix CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, or PBMC as they mix CD8+ T cells with, e.g., monocytes. C¯ is defined as all non-positive non-mixed samples.
Note that the relationships represented in Additional file 2: Figure S1 only correspond to the “direct inclusion” relationship, which is transitive (we thus removed for clarity all the arrows which can be inferred by transitivity). Hence, strict exclusion or mixture relationships are not represented but are taken into account during the screening process (the related information is available in Additional file 1: Table S13).
Becht E., Giraldo N.A., Lacroix L., Buttard B., Elarouci N., Petitprez F., Selves J., Laurent-Puig P., Sautès-Fridman C., Fridman W.H, & de Reyniès A. (2016). Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression. Genome Biology, 17, 218.
Publication 2016
Antigens B-Lymphocytes CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cells Effector Memory T Cells Hematopoiesis Lymphocyte Memory T Cells Monocytes Neoplasms PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Plant Roots T-Lymphocyte
5
Developing New Sjögren's Syndrome Criteria
Three prospective cohorts of individuals with signs and symptoms suggestive of SS have been recruited over the past 10 years by teams who are now members of the International SS Criteria Working Group. These include 1) the SICCA cohort, comprised of 3514 participants (including 1578 individuals who meet the ACR classification criteria for pSS) recruited from Argentina, China, Denmark, India, Japan, the UK and the USA (co-principal investigators (PIs): C. Shiboski and L. Criswell, at the University of California San Francisco); 2) the Paris-Sud cohort that includes 1011 participants (including 440 individuals who meet the AECG criteria for pSS) recruited in Paris, France (PI: X. Mariette at Paris-Sud University, Bicêtre hospital in Paris); and 3) the OMRF cohort, that includes 837 participants (including 279 individuals who meet the AECG criteria for pSS) evaluated at either the Sjögren’s Research Clinic at OMRF or the Sjögren’s Clinic in the University of Minnesota (PI: K. Sivils,OMRF).
These cohorts share several key characteristics that make them appropriate for criteria development: Inclusion criteria required that participants have signs and symptoms suggestive of SS, warranting a comprehensive work-up by a multi-disciplinary team of SS clinicians. In addition to symptom-related data, objective tests with respect to oral, ocular, and systemic/serological endpoints had been collected using similar procedures:

Oral tests: labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy to identify focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS) and focus score (FS)(26 (link)); UWS flow rates.(27 (link), 28 (link))

Ocular tests: OSS using lissamine green and fluorescein, and other ocular tests such as Schirmer test and tear break-up time. For the ocular staining test, the Paris-Sud cohort used the VBS,(29 (link)) while SICCA used the OSS,(30 (link)) and OMRF used both. The Paris-Sud cohort also used fluorescein and collected data on the individual OSS components, so it could be computed subsequently. Thus data from the Paris-Sud and OMRF cohorts could be analyzed to establish a conversion algorithm between both scores as follows: for lower scores, 1–3, the VBS was equal to the OSS, but VBS of 4, 5, or 6 were equivalent to OSS scores of 5, 6, or 7, respectively. For the clinical vignettes, the ocular staining test was expressed as the OSS ranging from 0 to 7 and above. A group of four ophthalmologists from France, the US, and the UK formed an ad-hoc working group that interpreted the analyses performed on the Paris-Sud data (ML and TML) and on the OMRF data (AR). Together, they derived the conversion algorithm between the OSS and the VBS described above. In addition, since the VBS of 4 (previously used in the AECG criteria) was equivalent to an OSS of 5, the group agreed to modify the OSS threshold to 5 in the new criteria set. This threshold has also been shown, as part of subsequent analyses of the SICCA data, to be more specific for diagnostic purposes than the previous score of 3 (data not shown).

Serological assays: including anti-SSA/B(Ro/La), ANA titers, RF, IgG, presence of complement C3 and C4.

Cohort PIs were each asked to provide a dataset that consisted of a random sample of 400 individuals with equal numbers of pSS cases and non-cases (using their own diagnostic definition), and without revealing case status in the dataset. The combined datasets thus comprised 1200 individuals with well-characterized data on the phenotypic features of SS. Clinical vignettes describing each individual’s relevant features in text form were computer-generated using a program written in R version 3.2.(31 ) Vignettes described each individual with respect to age, gender, reported symptoms, clinical signs, and provided test results including ANA titers, RF, IgG, C3, C4, anti-SSA(Ro), anti-SSB(La), OSS for each eye, Schirmer for each eye, whether or not the LSG biopsy revealed FLS, and a FS (supplemental Figure 1). Ocular symptoms were defined according to the AECG definition, as a positive response to at least one of the following questions: 1) Have you had daily, persistent, troublesome dry eyes for more than 3 months? 2) Do you have a recurrent sensation of sand or gravel in the eyes? 3) Do you use tear substitutes more than 3 times a day? Oral symptoms were defined as a positive response to at least one of the following questions: 1) Have you had a daily feeling of dry mouth for more than 3 months? 2) Do you frequently drink liquids to aid in swallowing dry food?
Shiboski C.H., Shiboski S.C., Seror R., Criswell L.A., Labetoulle M., Lietman T.M., Rasmussen A., Scofield H., Vitali C., Bowman S.J, & Mariette X. (2016). 2016 ACR-EULAR Classification Criteria for primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Consensus and Data-Driven Methodology Involving Three International Patient Cohorts. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 69(1), 35-45.
Publication 2016
Biological Assay Biopsy Complement 3 Diagnosis Dry Eye Eye Fluorescein Food Gender Lip Lymphocyte Ophthalmologists Phenotype Salivary Glands Sialadenitis Tears Vision Xerostomia

Most recents protocols related to «Lymphocyte»

1
Quantifying IL-2 Effects on T Cell Activation
Not available on PMC !

Example 7

Impact of IL-2 signalling on Teff responses is characterised in a T cell activation assay, in which intracellular granzyme B (GrB) upregulation and proliferation are examined. Previously frozen primary human Pan T cells (Stemcell Technologies) are labelled with eFluor450 cell proliferation dye (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer's recommendation, and added to 96-U-bottom well plates at 1×105 cells/well in RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies) containing 10% FBS (Sigma), 2 mM L-Glutamine (Life Technologies) and 10,000 U/ml Pen-Strep (Sigma). The cells are then treated with 10 μg/ml anti-CD25 antibodies or control antibodies followed by Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 (20:1 cell to bead ratio; Gibco) and incubated for 72 hrs in a 37° C., 5% CO2 humidified incubator. To assess T cell activation, cells are stained with the eBioscience Fixable Viability Dye efluor780 (Invitrogen), followed by fluorochrome labelled antibodies for surface T cell markers (CD3-PerCP-Cy5.5 clone UCHT1 Biolegend, CD4-BV510 clone SK3 BD Bioscience, CD8-Alexa Fluor 700 clone RPA-T8 Invitrogen, CD45RA-PE-Cy7 clone HI100 Invitrogen, CD25-BUV737 clone 2A3 BD Bioscience) and then fixed and permeabilized with the eBioscience™ Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (Invitrogen) before staining for intracellular GrB and intranuclear FoxP3 (Granzyme B-PE clone GB11 BD Bioscience, FoxP3-APC clone 236A/E7). Samples are acquired on the Fortessa LSR X20 Flow Cytometer (BD Bioscience) and analysed using the BD FACSDIVA software. Doublets are excluded using FCS-H versus FCS-A, and lymphocytes defined using SSC-A versus FCS-A parameters. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets gated from the live CD3+ lymphocytes are assessed using a GrB-PE-A versus proliferation eFluor450-A plot. Results are presented as percentage of proliferating GrB positive cells from the whole CD4+ T cell population. Graphs and statistical analysis is performed using GraphPad Prism v7. (results not shown)

US11873341B2. Anti-CD25 for tumour specific cell depletion (2024-01-16). Tusk Therapeutics Ltd. [GB], Cancer Research Technology Limited [GB]. Inventors: Anne Goubier [GB], Beatriz Goyenechea Corzo [GB], Josephine Salimu [GB], Kevin Moulder [GB], Pascal Merchiers [GB], Sergio Quezada [GB].
Patent 2024
Anti-Antibodies Antibodies Biological Assay Buffers CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes Cell Proliferation Cells Clone Cells CY5.5 cyanine dye Eragrostis Fluorescent Dyes Freezing Glutamine GZMB protein, human Homo sapiens IL2RA protein, human Lymphocyte prisma Protoplasm Stem Cells Streptococcal Infections T-Lymphocyte T-Lymphocyte Subsets Transcriptional Activation Transcription Factor
2
Quantifying CD30L Expression on Activated Primary Lymphocytes
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from freshly collected whole blood from Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) patients, by conventional density gradient centrifugation. To induce CD30L expression on primary lymphocytes, the isolated cells were stimulated overnight with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. The next day, the stimulated cells, along with non-stimulated cells kept as control, were collected, washed and incubated on ice with increasing concentrations of fluorescently labeled anti-CD30L antibodies or isotype control (from 0.001 nM to 60 nM). After washing to remove unbound antibodies, the cells were fixed in a paraformaldehyde solution and analyzed by flow cytometry to quantify cell surface antibody binding. Typical results from this assay are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7
Binding to primary lymphocytes from UC and
CD patients stimulated with PMA/ionomycin.
Patient 1Patient 2Patient 3Patient 4
(CD, #04-021)(UC, #03-041)(UC, #02-180)(CD, #01-051)
AntibodyBindingBindingBindingBinding
CloneEC50 (nM)EC50 (nM)EC50 (nM)EC50 (nM)
Ref1 (HC of3.633.123.072.82
SEQ ID NO:
768 & LC of
SEQ ID NO:
769)
17.455.435.574.53
22.401.551.711.72

US11866505B2. Anti-CD30L antibodies and uses thereof (2024-01-09). PROMETHEUS BIOSCIENCES, INC. [US], DR. FALK PHARMA GMBH [DE]. Inventors: Jessie-Farah Fecteau [US], Mark Renshaw [US], Johan Fransson [US], Olivier Laurent [US], Burton Barnett [US].
Patent 2024
Anti-Antibodies Antibodies APEX1 protein, human Biological Assay BLOOD Cells Centrifugation, Density Gradient Clone Cells Crohn Disease Flow Cytometry Immunoglobulin Isotypes Immunoglobulins Ionomycin Lymphocyte paraform Patients PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate Ulcerative Colitis
3
Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies Modulate Lymphocyte Proliferation
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

This example provides a showing of the effect of disclosed anti-PD-L1 antibodies on lymphocyte proliferation. Anti-PD-L1 antibodies were assayed for their ability to modulate the response of lymphocytes to stimulation. The anti-PD-L1 antibodies H1, H6 and H10 were added at 10 μg/ml to cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells labeled with the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein (CFSE) and stimulated with anti-CD3 (1 ng/ml). After three days of culture, the cells were assayed for proliferative activity by flow cytometry using a FACS Aria (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). The results, shown in FIG. 3, show that the anti-PD-L1 antibodies inhibited lymphocyte proliferation.

US11878058B2. Antigen binding proteins that bind PD-L1 (2024-01-23). Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Heyue Zhou [US], Randy Gastwirt [US], Barbara A. Swanson [US], John Dixon Gray [US], Gunnar F. Kaufmann [US].
Patent 2024
Anti-Antibodies Antigens Binding Proteins carboxyfluorescein CD274 protein, human Cells Flow Cytometry Fluorescent Dyes Lymphocyte Muromonab-CD3 NRG1 protein, human PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
4
Binding of Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies to Lymphocytes
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

This example provides the results from binding the disclosed anti-PD-L1 antibodies to human lymphocytes. Anti-PD-L1 antibodies were assayed for binding to non-activated lymphocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with anti-PD-L1 antibodies (1 μg/ml) followed by washing. Binding of the anti-PD-L1 antibody was detected by staining with a phycoerythrin conjugated and human Ig reagent. To identify the stained populations the cells were co-stained with an anti-CD3 FITC or an anti-CD56 APC reagent. Since the anti-human Ig reagent reacts with immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes the cells were also stained with an anti-human CD19 APC-Cy5 reagent. The data in FIG. 2 were derived from the CD19 negative lymphocytes following analysis using a FACSAria (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). The results show that CD56 positive NK cells, but not CD3+ T cells, react with the anti-PD-L1 antibodies.

US11878058B2. Antigen binding proteins that bind PD-L1 (2024-01-23). Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Heyue Zhou [US], Randy Gastwirt [US], Barbara A. Swanson [US], John Dixon Gray [US], Gunnar F. Kaufmann [US].
Patent 2024
Anti-Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens B-Lymphocytes Binding Proteins CD274 protein, human Cells Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins Lymphocyte Muromonab-CD3 Natural Killer Cells PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Phycoerythrin Population Group T-Lymphocyte
5
Cytotoxic Activity Assay of Genetically Modified T Cells
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Three or four days after G418 selection (0.5 mg/mL), retroviral vector-transduced primary T cells were cultured in complete RPMI media containing 25 U/mL human IL-2 for an additional 2-3 days. Viable lymphocytes were recovered by centrifugation over HISTOPAQUE®-1083 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and used as effector cells. Lysis of target cells (RMA, RMA/Rae-1R, RMA/H60, EG7, RMA-S, RMA-S/Rae-1p, and YAC-1) was determined by a 4-hour 51Cr release assay (Sentman, et al. (1994) supra). To block NKG2D receptors, anti-NKG2D (clone: CX5, 20 μg/mL) was included in those assays. The percentage of specific lysis was calculated as follows:
% Specific lysis=[(Specific51Cr release−spontaneous51Cr release)/(Maximal51Cr release-spontaneous51Cr release)]×100.

US11858976B2. Nucleic acid constructs encoding chimeric NK receptor, cells containing, and therapeutic use thereof (2024-01-02). THE TRUSTEES OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE [US]. Inventors: Tong Zhang [CN], Charles L Sentman [US].
Patent 2024
antibiotic G 418 Biological Assay Cardiac Arrest Cells Centrifugation Clone Cells Cloning Vectors Culture Media Cytotoxin histopaque Homo sapiens Lymphocyte NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K, Member 1 Retroviridae T-Lymphocyte

Top products related to «Lymphocyte»

1
Facscalibur by BD
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The FACSCalibur is a flow cytometry system designed for multi-parameter analysis of cells and other particles. It features a blue (488 nm) and a red (635 nm) laser for excitation of fluorescent dyes. The instrument is capable of detecting forward scatter, side scatter, and up to four fluorescent parameters simultaneously.
2
Facscanto 2 by BD
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3
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
4
Rpmi 1640 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Rpmi 1640 medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
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FACSDiva software is a user-friendly flow cytometry analysis and data management platform. It provides intuitive tools for data acquisition, analysis, and reporting. The software enables researchers to efficiently process and interpret flow cytometry data.
7
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8
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DNase I is a laboratory enzyme that functions to degrade DNA molecules. It catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, effectively breaking down DNA strands.
9
Lsrfortessa by BD
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The LSRFortessa is a flow cytometer designed for multiparameter analysis of cells and other particles. It features a compact design and offers a range of configurations to meet various research needs. The LSRFortessa provides high-resolution data acquisition and analysis capabilities.
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Lsrii flow cytometer by BD
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The BD LSRII flow cytometer is a multi-parameter instrument designed for advanced flow cytometry applications. It features a modular design that allows for customization to meet specific research needs. The LSRII utilizes laser excitation and sensitive detectors to analyze the physical and fluorescent properties of individual cells or particles passing through a fluid stream.

More about "Lymphocyte"

Lymphocytes are a crucial component of the immune system, responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria, as well as abnormal cells within the body.
These white blood cells can be divided into two main types: B cells and T cells.
B cells produce antibodies that bind to and neutralize pathogens, while T cells directly attack infected or cancerous cells.
Understanding the function and behavior of lymphocytes is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer.
Researchers in this field utilize advanced techniques, such as flow cytometry and genetic analysis, to study lymphocyte subsets and their interactions with other immune components.
Flow cytometry instruments like the FACSCalibur, FACSCanto II, and LSRFortessa are commonly used to analyze and sort lymphocytes based on their surface markers and intracellular properties.
These instruments, along with the FACSDiva software, enable researchers to accurately quantify and characterize different lymphocyte populations.
Proper sample preparation is crucial for ensuring accurate and reproducible results in lymphocyte research.
Techniques like culturing cells in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and treating samples with DNase I can help maintain the viability and functionality of lymphocytes during experimental procedures.
By incorporating these advanced techniques and tools, researchers can optimize their lymphocyte research protocols and unlock new insights that can lead to the development of improved diagnostics and therapies for a variety of immune-related conditions.
Streamline your workflow and elevate your lymphocyte research with the power of PubCompare.ai, the ultimate resource for protocol optimization and collaboration.