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Oligodendroglia

Oligodendroglia are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system.
They are responsible for the production of myelin, the insulating sheath that wraps around nerve fibers to facilitate rapid and efficient signal transmission.
Oligodendrocytes, the mature form of oligodendroglia, are essential for the proper development and maintenance of the nervous system.
Optimizing research on oligodendroglia can lead to a better understanding of myelination disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and potential remyelination therapies.
PubCompare.ai can ehnance your oligodendroglia research by leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products from literature, preprints, and patents, streamlining your research process and taking the guesswork out of protocol selection.

Most cited protocols related to «Oligodendroglia»

1
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Trajectory Analysis
We analyzed a dataset of oligodendrocyte differentiation from murine pons extracted from a recently published cellular atlas20 . We restricted the analysis to the trajectory of differentiation from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to mature oligodendrocytes by selecting cells that were labeled in the atlas as OPCs, COPs. NFOLs or MFOLs, for a total of 6307 cells.
As an initial step, for the Supp. Figure 7d-f, we performed a straightforward feature selection, first removing genes expressed lower than 15 spliced molecules, or lower than 8 unspliced molecules, requiring a minimal average spliced expression of 0.075 and minimal unspliced expression of 0.03 in the highest expressing cluster. A CV-mean fit was used to select the 606 most variable genes.
As the simple procedure above retained significant sex-driven batch effect (shown in Supp. Figure 7e), we then used a different approach aimed at minimizing batch effects by focusing on the genes that were uniquely relevant to the observed oligeodendrocytes. Specifically, a list of genes enriched in the oligodendrocyte lineage when compared to all other cell types was used to analyze the dataset. For each cell cluster we used the top 190 genes as sorted by enrichment (differential upregulation) scores, calculated as described in 20 . The resulting set of genes was subjected to further filtering where lowly detected genes where excluded, requiring at least 5 spliced and 3 unspliced mRNA molecules detected in the whole dataset, resulting in 606 genes. We then normalized the cell total molecule counts using the initial molecule count as normalization factor. For cell k-NN pooling we built a k-nearest neighbor graph (k=90) based on Euclidean distance in the top nine principal components. Data was clustered using Louvain community detection algorithm on the nearest neighbor graph and colored according a pseudotime computed by a principal curve. Finally, we calculated gammas, velocity and extrapolation as described above; transition probabilities were computed using n_sight=300 and log transform.
La Manno G., Soldatov R., Zeisel A., Braun E., Hochgerner H., Petukhov V., Lidschreiber K., Kastriti M.E., Lönnerberg P., Furlan A., Fan J., Borm L.E., Liu Z., van Bruggen D., Guo J., He X., Barker R., Sundström E., Castelo-Branco G., Cramer P., Adameyko I., Linnarsson S, & Kharchenko P.V. (2018). RNA velocity of single cells. Nature, 560(7719), 494-498.
Publication 2018
Cells creatinol phosphate Gamma Rays Genes Genes, vif Mus Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Oligodendroglia Pons RNA, Messenger Transcriptional Activation Vision
2
Purification and Culture of Human Brain Cells

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Publication 2015
Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Astrocytes Brain Cell Culture Techniques Cells Endothelial Cells Fetus Gray Matter Homo sapiens Hybridomas Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Lectin Lysine Macrophage Microglia Neurons Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Oligodendroglia Papain Poly A Protease Inhibitors RNA-Seq Serum Thy-1 Antigens Tissues Trypsin
3
Detailed Cell-Type Specific Brain Protocols
TRAP data were generated as described (1 (link),2 (link)), and are available for download from GEO: GSE13379. Etv1 data were not plotted because of known contamination with endothelial or lymphoblast cells (1 (link)). Other cell types and drivers are listed in Table 1. This dataset contains samples representing a variety of pure and mixed cell types from different structures of the mouse brain, as well as samples from the corresponding whole tissue. The purified samples are referred to as immunoprecipitates (IP). In parallel, RNA which did not bind to the antibody was also harvested to provide an assessment of the gene expression of the tissue as a whole. These samples are referred to as unbound RNA. Microarray analysis, as traditionally applied to the nervous system, results in samples that are most similar to unbound samples. As the immunoprecipitation does not lead to significant depletion of cell-specific RNAs, here we use the unbound samples as a measure for the total tissue homogenate RNA (referred to as Total).

List of the cell populations, relevant drivers and abbreviations

Cell populationsDriverAbbreviations used*
Drd1+ medium spiney neurons of neostriatumDrd1CS.Drd1
Drd2+ medium spiney neurons of neostriatumDrd2CS.Drd2
Cholinergic Interneurons of corpus striatumChatCS.Chat
Motor neurons of brain stemChatBS.Chat
Cholinergic neurons of basal forebrainChatBF.Chat
Mature oligodendrocytes of cerebellumCmtm5Cb.Cmtm5
Astroglia of cerebellumAldh1l1Cb.Aldh1L1
Golgi neurons of cerebellumGrm2Cb.Grm2
Unipolar brush cells and Bergman glia of cerebellumGrpCb.Grp
Stellate and basket cells of cerebellumLypd6Cb.Lypd6
Granule cells of cerebellumNeurod1Cb.Neurod1
Oligodendroglia of cerebellumOlig2Cb.Olig2
Purkinje cells of cerebellumPcp2Cb.Pcp2
Bergman glia and mature oligos. of cerebellumSept4Cb.Sept4
Cck+ neurons of cortexCckCtx.Cck
Mature oligodendrocytes of cortexCmtm5Ctx.Cmtm5
Cort+ interneurons of cortexCortCtx.Cort
Astrocytes of cortexAldh1l1Ctx.AldhL1
Corticospinal, corticopontine neuronsGlt25d2Ctx.Glt25d2
Corticothalamic neuronsNtsr1Ctx.Ntsr1
Oligodendroglia of cortexOlig2Ctx.Olig2
Pnoc+ neurons of cortexPnocCtx.Pnoc
Motor neurons of the spinal cordChatSC.Chat

*Abbreviations used for Figures 4, 5, 7 and Supplementary Figures 7 and 8

Dougherty J.D., Schmidt E.F., Nakajima M, & Heintz N. (2010). Analytical approaches to RNA profiling data for the identification of genes enriched in specific cells. Nucleic Acids Research, 38(13), 4218-4230.
Publication 2010
2',5'-oligoadenylate Brain Cells DRD1 protein, human Endothelium Gene Expression Immunoglobulins Immunoprecipitation Interneurons Microarray Analysis Mus Neuroglia Neurons Oligodendroglia Population Group Systems, Nervous Tissues
4
Advancing White Matter Imaging Techniques
Though the vast majority of recent MRI studies of white matter have focused on diffusion, MT or relaxometry, there are other techniques that may provide complementary information. One of the oldest methods is MR spectroscopy, which may be used to characterize specific metabolites in the tissue including NAA (N-acetylaspartate), creatine, choline and neurotransmitters like GABA and glutamine/glutamate. Each of these metabolites reflects different physiological processes and have unique spectral signatures. Of significant interest in white matter is NAA, which is a marker of the presence, density and health of neurons including the axonal processes. In fact, NAA may be one of the most specific markers of healthy axons and, as such, it is surprising that it is not used more widely for the investigation of white matter in the brain. This may be due in part to the fact that MR spectroscopy is extremely sensitive to the homogeneity of the magnetic field, which makes it challenging to apply in areas near air or bone interfaces. The concentrations of the metabolites are also in the micromolar range (compare with multiple molar for water), thus, large voxels must be used and the acquisition speed is slow. Therefore, MR spectroscopy studies are often limited by poor coverage, poor resolution, and long scan times.
The recent push towards ever higher magnetic fields makes quantitative MRI methods more challenging. Imaging distortions in DTI studies increase proportional to the field strength. The RF power deposition (SAR – specific absorption rate) increases quadratically with the magnetic field strength, which limits the application of MT pulses and can also limit the flip angles used in steady state imaging. However, susceptibility weighted imaging is one method that greatly benefits from higher magnetic field strengths. Recent studies have observed interesting contrast in white matter tracts as a function of orientation and degree of myelination (Liu et al., 2011 ). Stunning images of white matter tracts have recently been obtained in ex vivo brain specimens (Sati et al., 2011 ). Techniques for characterizing white matter in the human brain are only beginning to be developed.
Other white matter cellular components are the glia, which include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. In general, there are no specific markers of changes in either oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Recent evidence suggests that hypointense white matter lesions on T1w imaging may indicate reactive astrocytes (Sibson et al., 2008 (link)). Increases in microglia often accompany inflammation, which can be detected using contrast agents, either gadolinium or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles. Recent studies have suggested that SPIO particles are preferentially taken up by macrophages in inflammatory regions. The impact of these contrast agents on other quantitative MRI measures have not (Oweida et al., 2004 (link)) been widely studied, thus multimodal imaging studies must be designed carefully.
Alexander A.L., Hurley S.A., Samsonov A.A., Adluru N., Hosseinbor A.P., Mossahebi P., Tromp D.P., Zakszewski E, & Field A.S. (2011). Characterization of Cerebral White Matter Properties Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stains. Brain Connectivity, 1(6), 423-446.
Publication 2011
Astrocytes Axon Bones Brain Cellular Structures Choline Contrast Media Creatine Diffusion ferric oxide Gadolinium gamma Aminobutyric Acid Glutamate Glutamine Homo sapiens Inflammation Macrophage Magnetic Fields Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Microglia Molar Myelin Sheath N-acetylaspartate Neuroglia Neurons Neurotransmitters Oligodendroglia Physiological Processes Pulses Radionuclide Imaging Susceptibility, Disease Tissues White Matter
5
Hierarchical Clustering of Brain Cell Types
All linkage and distance calculations were performed after Log2(x+1) transformation.
The starting point of the dendrogram construction was the 265 clusters. For each gene, we computed average expression, trinarization with f = 0.2, trinarization with f = 0.05 and enrichment score. For each cluster we also know the number of cells, annotations, tissue distribution and samples of origin.
We defined major classes of cell types based on prior knowledge: neurons, astroependymal, oligodendrocytes, vascular (without VLMC), immune cells and neural crest-like. For each class, we defined pan-enriched genes based on the trinarization 5% score. Each class (except neurons) was tested against neurons, to find all the genes where the fraction of clusters with trinarization score = 1 in the class was greater than the fraction of clusters with trinarization score > 0.9 among neurons.
In order to suppress batch effects (mainly due to ambient oligodenderocyte RNA in hindbrain and spinal cord samples), we collected the unique set of genes pan-enriched in the non-neuronal clusters, as well as a set of non-neuronal genes that we believe to have tendency to appear in floating RNA (Trf, Plp1, Mog, Mobp, Mfge8, Mbp, Hbb-bs, H2-DMb2) and a set of immediate early genes (Fos, Jun, Junb, Egr1). These genes were set to zero within the neuronal clusters to avoid any batch effect when clustering the neuronal clusters. We further removed sex specific genes (Xist, Tsix, Eif2s3y, Ddx3y, Uty, and Kdm5d) and immediate early genes Egr1 and Jun from all clusters.
We bounded the number of detected genes in each cluster to the top 5000 genes expressed, followed by scaling the total sum of each cluster profile to 10,000.
Next, we selected genes for linkage analysis: from each cluster select the top N = 28 enriched genes (based on pre-calculated enrichment score), perform initial clustering using linkage (Euclidean distance, Ward in MATLAB), and cut the tree based on distance criterion 50. This clustering aimed to capture the coarse structure of the hierarchy. For each of the resulting clusters, we calculated the enrichment score as the mean over the cluster divided by the total sum and selected the 1.5N top genes. These were added to the previously selected genes.
Finally, we built the dendrogram using linkage (correlation distance and Ward method).
Zeisel A., Hochgerner H., Lönnerberg P., Johnsson A., Memic F., van der Zwan J., Häring M., Braun E., Borm L.E., La Manno G., Codeluppi S., Furlan A., Lee K., Skene N., Harris K.D., Hjerling-Leffler J., Arenas E., Ernfors P., Marklund U, & Linnarsson S. (2018). Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System. Cell, 174(4), 999-1014.e22.
Publication 2018
Blood Vessel Cells EGR1 protein, human Gene Clusters Genes Genes, Immediate-Early Genes, vif Genetic Linkage Analysis Hindbrain MFGE8 protein, human Neural Crest Neurons Oligodendroglia Spinal Cord Trees

Most recents protocols related to «Oligodendroglia»

1
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination after Transplantation
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

To analyze the oligodendrocyte-lineage cells differentiated from oNPCs, detailed immunohistochemistry was conducted with several oligodendrocyte markers. The transplanted oNPCs differentiated into Olig2+ immature and GST-pi+ mature oligodendrocytes (FIGS. 12A and B). Notably, they expressed MBP which are closely associated with host NF200+ axons (FIG. 12C-D), indicating the potential of transplanted oNPCs to remyelinate host axons in the injured spinal cord.

To evaluate the distribution of myelin after cell transplantation, electron microscopic examination was performed at the lesion epicenter. In the oNPC group, immature myelin sheaths derived from engrafted human cells (nanogold-labeled Stem121+) were frequently observed (FIGS. 12E and F). In addition, endogenous myelin from host oligodendrocytes was preserved (FIGS. 12E and G). The myelination by the control NPC group was not as robust as the oNPC group. The vehicle group showed only a few myelinated axons at the lesion site (FIG. 12I). Therefore, oNPCs generated myelinating oligodendrocytes following transplantation in vivo.

US11859206B2. Generation of oligodendrogenic neural progenitor cells (2024-01-02). UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK [CA]. Inventors: Michael George Fehlings [CA], Mohamad Khazaei [CA].
Patent 2024
Axon Cells Cell Transplantation Electron Microscopy GSTP1 protein, human Homo sapiens Immunohistochemistry Neurogenesis OLIG2 protein, human Oligodendroglia Spinal Cord Transplantation
2
Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering of Transcriptomic Data
The integrated data matrix (restricted to the genes chosen as integration anchors) was then used for dimensionality reduction, visualization and clustering. Dimensionality reduction was done with principal component analysis (PCA, using RunPCA method Seurat). After PCA, significant principal components (PCs) were identified using the elbow method, plotting the distribution of standard deviation of each PC (ElbowPlot in Seurat). In the VAT analysis: 30 PCs were used. In the hippocampus analysis: 45 PCs for analysis of all cells, 20 PCs for astrocytes, 20 for microglia, and 10 for oligodendrocytes. Within the top PC space, transcriptionally similar nuclei were clustered together using a graph-based clustering approach. First, a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) graph is constructed based on the Euclidean distance. For any two nuclei, edge weights were refined by the shared overlap of the local neighborhoods using Jaccard similarity (FindNeighbors method Seurat, with k = 60). Next, nuclei were clustered using the Louvain algorithm108 (link) which iteratively grouped nuclei and located communities in the input k-NN graph (FindClusters method Seurat, with resolution 0.5). Note that for the doublet detection stage on all cell types, we first used 45 PCs with a higher resolution clustering of 1.3 on data matrices that were merged based on the batch (see Doublet detection section). The obtained clusters were hierarchically clustered and re-ordered (using BuildClusterTree method Seurat). For visualization, the dimensionality of the datasets was further reduced by UMAP, using the same top principal components as input to the algorithm (using the RunUMAP method Seurat). Note that the distribution of samples within each cluster was examined to eliminate that clusters were driven by batch or other technical effects. Clusters with low-quality cells (low number of genes detected, and missing or low-key cell-type marker genes and house-keeping genes such as Malat1), doublet clusters expressing markers of multiple cell types, and neuronal clusters from neighboring region of the hippocampal subiculum that appeared in an uneven form across samples, were removed from the analysis, leaving the hippocampus dataset with 237,631 (for n = 28 mice, across all mouse genotype and diet groups). Data visualization using UMAP showed that the clusters displayed a mixture of nuclei from all technical and biological replicates, with a variable number of genes, meaning the clustering was not driven by a technical effect.
Suzzi S., Croese T., Ravid A., Gold O., Clark A.R., Medina S., Kitsberg D., Adam M., Vernon K.A., Kohnert E., Shapira I., Malitsky S., Itkin M., Brandis A., Mehlman T., Salame T.M., Colaiuta S.P., Cahalon L., Slyper M., Greka A., Habib N, & Schwartz M. (2023). N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Nature Communications, 14, 1293.
Publication 2023
Astrocytes Biopharmaceuticals Cell Nucleus Cells Diet Elbow Genes Genes, Housekeeping Genotype Microglia Mus Neurons Oligodendroglia Seahorses Subiculum
3
Doublet Removal for Single-Cell Analysis
We annotated each nucleus with a doublet score – the nucleus’ probability of being a doublet, related to the fraction of artificially generated doublet neighbors (using an in-house optimization of DoubletFinder107 with the following parameters: PCs = 1-45, pN = 0.25, pK = 150/(#cells), pANN = False and sct = False). This score would later be considered for the removal of doublets. We first used a high-resolution clustering (1.3 for the hippocampus and 1.5 for the VAT, see description under Dimensionality reduction and clustering). We excluded clusters that had more than 50% of cells that had over a high doublet score (0.35 for the hippocampus and 0.4 for the adipose tissue). Second, cells from other clusters that had over a high doublet score were excluded. In the VAT: 10,625 doublets were removed and 275,336 nuclei remained in the dataset. In the hippocampus: we excluded from the analysis cells from clusters classified as endothelial cells or OPCs, since the doublet detection failed for these cell types. For OPCs, these specifically include cells differentiating from oligodendrocytes. At the end of this stage in the hippocampus dataset, 38,060 doublets were removed and 269,503 nuclei remained in the data set (for n = 28 mice, across all mouse genotype and diet groups). The downstream analysis of sub-clustering of specific cell types included a second inspection for doublets.
Suzzi S., Croese T., Ravid A., Gold O., Clark A.R., Medina S., Kitsberg D., Adam M., Vernon K.A., Kohnert E., Shapira I., Malitsky S., Itkin M., Brandis A., Mehlman T., Salame T.M., Colaiuta S.P., Cahalon L., Slyper M., Greka A., Habib N, & Schwartz M. (2023). N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Nature Communications, 14, 1293.
Publication 2023
CA1 Field of Hippocampus CA3 Field of Hippocampus Cell Nucleus Cells Diet Endothelial Cells Genotype Mus Oligodendroglia Seahorses Tissue, Adipose
4
High-Resolution Cell Type Analysis
Specific cell types (i.e. microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, DG neurons, macrophages in the adipose tissue) were subsetted from the main dataset for a high-resolution analysis. For each such subset another cycle of clean-up was performed, removing doublet clusters based on different thresholds. Cells were clustered in high-resolution and clusters were then annotated and merged based on marker expression.
Suzzi S., Croese T., Ravid A., Gold O., Clark A.R., Medina S., Kitsberg D., Adam M., Vernon K.A., Kohnert E., Shapira I., Malitsky S., Itkin M., Brandis A., Mehlman T., Salame T.M., Colaiuta S.P., Cahalon L., Slyper M., Greka A., Habib N, & Schwartz M. (2023). N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Nature Communications, 14, 1293.
Publication 2023
Astrocytes Cells Macrophage Microglia Neurons Oligodendroglia Tissue, Adipose
5
Mouse Brain Cell Culture Protocol
Whole brains from 3-d-old C57BL/6 mice were minced and mechanically disrupted using a nylon mesh. The cells obtained were seeded in culture flasks containing DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin and grown at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The culture medium was changed initially after 5 d and then every 3 d. Cells were used after 14–21 d of culture. To check the cell-specific population, MGC were immunostained with anti-GFAP (mouse IgG, 1:1,000; BD Biosciences), anti-Iba-1 (rabbit IgG, 1:1,000; Wako) or anti-Olig2 (goat IgG, 1:500; R&D systems) antibodies for astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, respectively. This was followed by incubation for 2 h at room temperature with the following fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies: FITC-conjugated anti-mouse (donkey IgG, 1:500; Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories), Cy3-conjugated anti-goat (donkey IgG, 1:500; Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories), or Cy5-conjugated anti-goat (donkey IgG, 1:500; Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories). DAPI was used for counterstaining (blue). Pure astrocyte cultures were prepared from MGCs by shaking overnight. Pure microglia cultures were obtained from MGCs by mild trypsinization (Saura et al, 2003 (link)). The BV-2 immortalized mouse microglial cell line was maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin.
Kim J.H., Han J., Afridi R., Kim J.H., Rahman M.H., Park D.H., Lee W.S., Song G.J, & Suk K. (2023). A multiplexed siRNA screen identifies key kinase signaling networks of brain glia. Life Science Alliance, 6(5), e202201605.
Publication 2023
Antibodies Astrocytes Atmosphere Brain Cell Lines Cells Culture Media DAPI Equus asinus Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescent Antibody Technique Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Goat Mice, Inbred C57BL Microglia Mus Nylons OLIG2 protein, human Oligodendroglia Penicillins Rabbits Streptomycin

Top products related to «Oligodendroglia»

1
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.

More about "Oligodendroglia"

Oligodendrocytes, the mature form of oligodendroglia, are a crucial cell type found in the central nervous system (CNS) that play a vital role in myelination and the overall health and function of the nervous system.
These glial cells are responsible for producing myelin, an insulating sheath that wraps around nerve fibers, enabling rapid and efficient signal transmission.
Optimizing research on oligodendroglia can lead to a better understanding of myelination disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and potential remyelination therapies.
To enhance your oligodendroglia research, you can leverage AI-driven comparisons provided by PubCompare.ai.
This platform can help you identify the best protocols and products from the literature, preprints, and patents, streamlining your research process and taking the guesswork out of protocol selection.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai, you can improve the reproducibility and accuracy of your experiments, which is crucial for advancing our understanding of oligodendrocyte biology and its clinical applications.
When working with oligodendroglia, it's important to consider the use of various cell culture components, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), DMEM/F12, Alexa Fluor 488, GlutaMAX, N2 supplement, trypsin, poly-L-lysine, and L-glutamine.
These reagents can play a significant role in the maintenance, differentiation, and analysis of oligodendrocyte cultures, and their optimal use can be facilitated by the insights provided by PubCompare.ai.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai and incorporating the right cell culture components, you can streamline your oligodendroglia research, enhance reproducibility, and accelerate the development of new therapies targeting myelination disorders and neurodegenerative conditions.
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