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> Anatomy > Cell > Synoviocytes

Synoviocytes

Synoviocytes are the cells that line the inside of the synovial joints, such as the knee and elbow.
They play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of these joints by producing synovial fluid, which lubricates and nourishes the cartilage.
Synoviocytes also help regulate the immune response within the joint, making them an important target for research into conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
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Most cited protocols related to «Synoviocytes»

1
Rat Model of Post-Traumatic OA
ACL transection was performed on the right knee joints of 8–10 weeks old male Lewis rats. A total of 45 animals underwent surgery, and they were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups; 1) no-treatment (ACLT; n=9), 2) sham treatment (PBS; n=9), 3) human synoviocyte lubricin (HSL) (n=9), 4) recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) (n=9), or 5) human synovial fluid lubricin (HSFL) (n=9). Animals were anesthetized with inhaled isoflurane, the skin was prepped with a topical antiseptic, and an incision was made in the skin laterally to the right knee joint. After the joint capsules were opened, the ACL was transected using a surgical scalpel. In all animals, the right knee joint was the operated joint and the left knee joint was the ACL-intact control joint. All experimental procedures were conducted at Biomodels, LLC which is AAALAC accredited. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Surgeries and injections were conducted by authors, KM and SA, who had extensive experience in performing and replicating this procedure. Control animals (n=4) did not undergo ACLT and were housed separately.
Jay G.D., Fleming B.C., Watkins B.A., McHugh K.A., Anderson S.C., Zhang L.X., Teeple E., Waller K.A, & Elsaid K.A. (2010). Prevention of Cartilage Degeneration and Restoration of Chondroprotection by Lubricin Tribosupplementation in the Rat Following ACL Transection. Arthritis and rheumatism, 62(8), 2382-2391.
Publication 2010
Animals Anti-Infective Agents, Local Homo sapiens Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Joint Capsule Joints Knee Joint lubricin Males Operative Surgical Procedures Placebos PRG4 protein, human Rattus norvegicus Skin Synovial Fluid Synoviocytes
2
Cryopreservation and Thawing of Synovial Tissues
Synovial tissues were either (1) disaggregated immediately followed by cryopreservation of dissociated cells or (2) cut into fragments that were cryopreserved for subsequent disaggregation at a central processing site. Dissociated synovial cells were resuspended in CryoStor® CS10 (BioLife Solutions) at ~ 2 million cells/ml to viably freeze them. Intact synovial tissue samples were divided into fragments as already described and transferred to a cryovial (1.5 ml; Nalgene) containing 1 ml of CryoStor® CS10 for viable freezing. Cryovials were then placed in an insulated container with isopropanol in the bottom chamber for slow freezing (Mr. Frosty; Nalgene), which comprised incubation at 4 °C for 10 min followed by 1 day at − 80 °C. The samples were then either shipped on dry ice or transferred into liquid nitrogen for long-term storage.
Synovial fragments were thawed by rapidly warming the cryovial in a 37 °C water bath. The preservation media was filtered out through a 70-μm strainer. The tissue was then rinsed through a series of incubations in a six-well culture plate: 10 min in 10% FBS/RPMI at room temperature with intermittent swirling, a quick rinse in 10% FBS/RPMI, and a final rinse in serum-free RPMI. Frozen synovial cells were thawed rapidly in a 37 °C water bath and transferred into 20 ml of 10% FBS/RPMI, centrifuged to pellet cells, and then resuspended in media for downstream analyses.
Donlin L.T., Rao D.A., Wei K., Slowikowski K., McGeachy M.J., Turner J.D., Meednu N., Mizoguchi F., Gutierrez-Arcelus M., Lieb D.J., Keegan J., Muskat K., Hillman J., Rozo C., Ricker E., Eisenhaure T.M., Li S., Browne E.P., Chicoine A., Sutherby D., Noma A., Nusbaum C., Kelly S., Pernis A.B., Ivashkiv L.B., Goodman S.M., Robinson W.H., Utz P.J., Lederer J.A., Gravallese E.M., Boyce B.F., Hacohen N., Pitzalis C., Gregersen P.K., Firestein G.S., Raychaudhuri S., Moreland L.W., Holers V.M., Bykerk V.P., Filer A., Boyle D.L., Brenner M.B, & Anolik J.H. (2018). Methods for high-dimensonal analysis of cells dissociated from cyropreserved synovial tissue. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 20, 139.
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Publication 2018
Bath Biologic Preservation Cells Dry Ice Freezing Isopropyl Alcohol Nitrogen Serum Synovial Membrane Synoviocytes Tissues
3
Histopathological Analysis of Synovial Inflammation
One-half of each synovial specimen was used for histopathological analysis. The tissue specimens were fixed with 10% formalin in 0.01 mol/l phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, and embedded in paraffin wax. They were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for examination by light microscopy. Histopathological parameters of synovitis were evaluated in accordance with established criteria [14 (link)], with modifications involving the degree of proliferation of synovial cells, typical palisading of synovial cells in the intimal lining layers, non-foreign-body-type giant cells in the lining regions, lymphoid and plasma cell infiltration, neovascularization, mesenchymoid transformation, and fibrinoid necrosis in synovium. Of these features, the degree of proliferation of synovial cells was scored as follows: fewer than three layers (0), three to four layers (1), five to six layers (2), or more than six layers (3). Lymphoid cell infiltration was scored as follows: none to diffuse infiltration (0), lymphoid cell aggregates (1), lymphoid follicles (2), or lymphoid follicles with germinal center formation (3). The other features were evaluated using a quantitative grading system consisting of a 4-point scale: none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). The maximum score with this system was 24. The results of scoring of each histopathological feature are presented as the highest score among all the specimens for the patient. The remaining half of the synovial specimen showing the highest score in the feature 'proliferation of synovial cells' was used as multilayered lining tissue for LCM. Nearly normal synovial tissues from the same patient that had no inflammatory lesions and received a score of 0 for all of the histopathological features were used as 'normal-like lining tissue' for LCM.
Tsubaki T., Arita N., Kawakami T., Shiratsuchi T., Yamamoto H., Takubo N., Yamada K., Nakata S., Yamamoto S, & Nose M. (2005). Characterization of histopathology and gene-expression profiles of synovitis in early rheumatoid arthritis using targeted biopsy specimens. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 7(4), R825-R836.
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Publication 2005
Buffers Cells Eosin Formalin Germinal Center Giant Cells, Foreign-Body Hair Follicle Inflammation Light Microscopy Lymph Lymphangiogenesis Lymphoid Cells Necrosis Paraffin Pathologic Neovascularization Patients Peyer Patches Phosphates Plasma Cells Synovial Membrane Synoviocytes Synovitis Tissues Tunica Intima
4
Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Secreting Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Plasma cells were obtained from the synovial fluid of a patient with anti‐CCP–positive RA, and antibody‐secreting cells were isolated from synovial fluid mononuclear cells using the fluorescent foci method. In addition, single citrulline‐specific B cells were sorted by flow cytometry from the peripheral blood of other RA patients, using an antigen‐tetramer system. Further details on the synovial fluid and serum samples obtained from RA patients and the methods used for plasma cell isolation, blood‐derived memory B cell tetramer isolation, Ig gene sequence analysis, cloning of Ig genes, generation of germline‐reverted antibodies, expression and purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, ACPA peptide array, PTM peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in solution citrullination ELISA, immunoprecipitation and osteoclast cultures, and in vitro bone erosion assay are provided in Supplementary Materials and Methods (available on the Arthritis & Rheumatology web site at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.40699/abstract).
Steen J., Forsström B., Sahlström P., Odowd V., Israelsson L., Krishnamurthy A., Badreh S., Mathsson Alm L., Compson J., Ramsköld D., Ndlovu W., Rapecki S., Hansson M., Titcombe P.J., Bang H., Mueller D.L., Catrina A.I., Grönwall C., Skriner K., Nilsson P., Lightwood D., Klareskog L, & Malmström V. (2019). Recognition of Amino Acid Motifs, Rather Than Specific Proteins, by Human Plasma Cell–Derived Monoclonal Antibodies to Posttranslationally Modified Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.), 71(2), 196-209.
Publication 2019
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Antibodies Antibody-Secreting Cells Antigens Arthritis B-Lymphocytes Biological Assay BLOOD Bones Cell Separation Citrullination Citrulline Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Flow Cytometry Genes, Immunoglobulin Germ Line Immunoprecipitation isolation Memory B Cells Monoclonal Antibodies Osteoclasts Patients Peptides Plasma Plasma Cells Sequence Analysis Serum Surface Plasmon Resonance Synovial Fluid Synoviocytes Tetrameres
5
Profiling Synovial Cell Transcriptomes
We assayed 384 fibroblasts from four donors, two with OA and two with RA. For each donor, we collected fresh synovial tissue, isolated synovial cells by enzymatic digestion, and stained with antibodies against CD45, CD235a, CD31, CD146, PDPN, CD34, THY1, and CDH11. We sorted 96 single CD45–CD235a–CD31–PDPN+ cells by FACSAria Fusion (BD), and assayed mRNA expression with the Smart-Seq2 protocol37 (link). Single-cell libraries were also prepared with the same protocol, and we aimed to sequence to a depth of 200K–12M reads per library38 (link). On average, we sequenced 5.4M fragments and detected 8,153 genes per cell with at least 1 TPM. We discarded 47 cells (12%) with fewer than 5,000 genes detected from further analysis.
Mizoguchi F., Slowikowski K., Wei K., Marshall J.L., Rao D.A., Chang S.K., Nguyen H.N., Noss E.H., Turner J.D., Earp B.E., Blazar P.E., Wright J., Simmons B.P., Donlin L.T., Kalliolias G.D., Goodman S.M., Bykerk V.P., Ivashkiv L.B., Lederer J.A., Hacohen N., Nigrovic P.A., Filer A., Buckley C.D., Raychaudhuri S, & Brenner M.B. (2018). Functionally distinct disease-associated fibroblast subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Communications, 9, 789.
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Publication 2018
Antibodies CDH11 protein, human Cells Digestion Donors Enzymes Fibroblasts Fusions, Cell Genes Glycophorin A RNA, Messenger Synovial Membrane Synoviocytes Tissue Donors

Most recents protocols related to «Synoviocytes»

1
Evaluating AU's Effects on Cell Viability
Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) were obtained from iCell Bioscience Inc. and JENNIO Biological Technology, respectively. PC12 cells were cultured in 1640 basal medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin, while HFLS cells were cultured in DMEM basal medium with the same supplements. The cells were incubated at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. PC12 cells were seeded at a density of 2x104 cells/well and incubated for 24 hours before exposure to AU. Different concentrations of AU (ranging from 0 to 160 μM) were then added to the wells and incubated for an additional 24 hours. MTT solution (10 μM) was added to each well and incubated for a further 4 hours. The medium was then removed and DMSO (200 μl) was added to dissolve the formazan crystals formed by the viable cells. The absorbance at 490 nm was measured using a microplate reader. To evaluate the effect of AU on cell proliferation ability, different concentrations of AU ranging from 0 to 5 mM were prepared and tested.
Zhou T.T., Sun J.J., Tang L.D., Yuan Y., Wang J.Y, & Zhang L. (2023). Potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis with comorbid depression based on bioinformatics analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1007624.
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Publication 2023
Atmosphere Biopharmaceuticals Cell Proliferation Cells Dietary Supplements Fetal Bovine Serum Fibroblasts Formazans Homo sapiens PC12 Cells Penicillins Pheochromocytoma Streptomycin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Synoviocytes
2
Generating SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in FLS
Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were grown in complete DMEM (12800017; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (#16000044; Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. For generation of lentivirus carrying SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [23 ], HEK293T cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (pBOB-CAG-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-HA,#141347; Addgene, Watertown, MA, USA) and packaging vectors (pMD2.G, #12259 and psPAX2, #12260; Addgene) using Lipofectamine 2000 (#11668030; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Culture supernatants were harvested at 48 h posttransfection and aliquots of 2 × 105 human FLS were transduced with the generated recombinant lentivirus. At 48 h after lentiviral transduction, cells and supernatant were harvested for qPCR and ELISA, respectively.
Lee A.R., Woo J.S., Lee S.Y., Lee Y.S., Jung J., Lee C.R., Park S.H, & Cho M.L. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes inflammatory cytokine activation and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 21, 44.
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Publication 2023
Atmosphere Cells Cloning Vectors Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fetal Bovine Serum Fibroblasts Homo sapiens Lentivirus lipofectamine 2000 Plasmids SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Synoviocytes
3
Isolation and Characterization of Synovial Fluid Cells
Synovial fluid (SF) from inflamed knee joints was collected during active arthritis from 27 patients after obtaining informed consent. Patients’ characteristics are described in Table 1 and Supplementary Table S1. SF was centrifuged at 650× g for 20 min to pellet the cells. The SF was centrifuged at 3000× g for 30 min at RT to pellet all remaining cells and debris; the cell-free SF was collected and stored at −80 °C until further use. Meanwhile, the SF-derived cells collected after the first 650 g step were resuspended in IMDM (Gibco; Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated (HI) fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone; Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, Mass) and gentamycin (86 µg/mL; Duchefa Biochemie B.V., Haarlem, The Netherlands) and passed through a 70 µm single-cell filter. Then, cells were resuspended in IMDM with 10% HI FBS at a concentration of 2 × 106 cells/mL for flow cytometry analysis and culture experiments.
Mol S., Taanman-Kueter E.W., van der Steen B.A., Groot Kormelink T., van de Sande M.G., Tas S.W., Wauben M.H, & de Jong E.C. (2023). Hyaluronic Acid in Synovial Fluid Prevents Neutrophil Activation in Spondyloarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3066.
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Publication 2023
Arthritis Cells Flow Cytometry Gentamicin Knee Joint Patients Synovial Fluid Synoviocytes
4
Polyclonal Antibody Production for Ovine Lentivirus Detection
Pairwise protein sequence alignments for the identification of conserved regions in the envelope (Env) proteins of exJSRV, the MVV and CAEV (sequences retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, NCBI) were conducted using the Geneious prime software version 2020 (https://www.geneious.com, accessed on 6 December 2021). The region of interest to produce polyclonal antibodies against exJSRV was chosen according to Liu et al. [37 (link)]. The prediction of antigenic epitopes was conducted using the Antibody Epitope Prediction tools of the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (http://www.iedb.org/home_v3.php) and the Antigen Profiler tool from ThermoFisher Scientific (https://www.thermofisher.com/ch/en/home/life-science/antibodies/custom-antibodies/custom-antibody-production/antigen-profiler-antigen-preparation.html, accessed on 20 January 2021) (Supplementary Figure S2). Epitope cluster analysis (http://www.iedb.org/home_v3.php) was used to assess and visualize the conservancy of the epitope regions (Supplementary Figure S2). The suitability of the selected peptide sequences for production and purification was analyzed using the peptide synthesis and proteotypic peptide analyzing tool from ThermoFisher Scientific (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/peptides-proteins/custom-peptide-synthesis-services/peptide-analyzing-tool.html, accessed on 20 January 2021) (not shown). The selection of peptides was based on the conducted in silico assessments for antigenicity, conservancy and suitability for the synthetic production. Finally, the selected peptides corresponded to the amino acid residues exJSRV-Env596-614, CAEV-Env860-879 and MVV-Env860-876 based on the GenBank accession numbers: AFM29008.1, NP_040942 and ALU34108.1, respectively. Customized rabbit Polyclonal Antibodies were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific (Table 1). Immunohistochemical investigation for the three viruses was performed on all 110 lungs. PCR-positive OPA cases with typical pathomorphological lesions as well as goat synovial membrane cells (P3) infected with either MVV or CAEV served as positive controls.
Rosato G., Abril C., Hilbe M, & Seehusen F. (2023). A Combined Approach for Detection of Ovine Small Ruminant Retrovirus Co-Infections. Viruses, 15(2), 376.
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Publication 2023
Amino Acids Anabolism Antibodies Antibody Formation Antigens Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine Cells Epitopes Gene Products, env Gene Products, Protein Goat Immunoglobulins Lung Peptide Biosynthesis Peptides Protein Biosynthesis Protein Domain Proteins Rabbits Sequence Alignment Synovial Membrane Synoviocytes Tissue, Membrane Virus Visit, Home
5
Optimizing Primary Cell Utilization in Osteoarthritis Research
The sample size (n) of the whole study was established in 6 independent biological replicas from different patients or cell passes and 3 dependent technical replicas. The availability of non-primary cells of early pass was unlimited. On the contrary, the availability of primary cells isolated from OA patients or healthy corpses was very limited. Patients were excluded from the study (CAEIG-2016/258) if they were diagnosed with microcrystalline arthritis or any other infectious process. Moreover, even if they were not diagnosed, a further analysis of the fresh sample was also needed. Similarly, the presence of any other pathology apart from OA directly excluded those samples. All included samples presented sufficient cartilage and bone to perform the cell isolation. Nevertheless, only 3 healthy samples and 3 OA samples presented sufficient synovium to be removed and processed to isolate synoviocytes. Biochemical assays (Griess and MTT) required 104 cells (P96 plate), transcriptomics (RT-qPCRs) required 105 cells (P12), metabolic assays required 3 × 105 cells (P6) and proteomics (ELISA and MALDI-TOF) required 3.5 × 106 cells (P100) per data point. Overall, the use of primary cells was optimized to acquire the largest amount of data points. MALDI-TOF proteomics analysis was the most cell-demanding technique and, considering that thousands of technical replicas runs are performed, we optimized its sample size to 3 independent biological replicas.
All datasets were expressed as the mean ± standard error mean (SEM) and normalized by the “Control” treatment data. Gene expression (mRNA) data was obtained by the RT-qPCR threshold cycle (ΔΔCt), also known as the ΔΔ quantification cycle (ΔΔCq). Gene expression was normalized by reference gene HPRT1 and analyzed by comparative transcriptomics. Fold-change (log2) units were used in the proteome heatmaps or column charts.
The whole manuscript used The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)’s statistical significance method of representation. Specifically, a p-value of: <0.001 (***), <0.002 (**), <0.033 (*), and <0.12 (blank space or ns). Data distribution (Shapiro–Wilk and Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality tests) determined the use of parametric or non-parametric tests. Data from primary human cells were analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney test if needed. Otherwise, data were analyzed by parametric One Way-ANOVA and Tukey post-test or unpaired t-test Welch’s correction if needed.
Franco-Trepat E., Alonso-Pérez A., Guillán-Fresco M., López-Fagúndez M., Pazos-Pérez A., Crespo-Golmar A., Belén Bravo S., López-López V., Jorge-Mora A., Cerón-Carrasco J.P., Lois Iglesias A, & Gómez R. (2023). β Boswellic Acid Blocks Articular Innate Immune Responses: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach to Traditional Medicine. Antioxidants, 12(2), 371.
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Publication 2023
Arthritis Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Bones Cadaver Cartilage Cells Cell Separation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gene Expression Gene Expression Profiling Genes Homo sapiens Infection neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Proteome RNA, Messenger Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Synovial Membrane Synoviocytes TPX2 protein, human

Top products related to «Synoviocytes»

1
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Synoviocyte growth medium by Cell Applications
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Synoviocyte growth medium is a cell culture medium specifically formulated to support the growth and maintenance of synoviocytes, which are the cells found in the synovial membrane of joints. The medium provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors required for the optimal proliferation and survival of these cells in vitro.
6
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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The SW982 is a cell line derived from a synovial sarcoma tumor. It is a useful in vitro model for studying synovial sarcoma, a rare type of soft tissue cancer.

More about "Synoviocytes"

Synoviocytes, also known as synovial cells, are the specialized cells that line the inside of synovial joints, such as the knee, elbow, and other articulating joints.
These cells play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of these joints by producing synovial fluid, a viscous liquid that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage.
Synoviocytes are responsible for regulating the immune response within the joint, making them an important target for research into conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Researchers often use cell culture techniques to study synoviocytes, employing media like Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and antibiotics like Penicillin and Streptomycin to support their growth and proliferation.
Synoviocyte growth medium, which may contain a combination of these components, is commonly used to maintain and expand synoviocyte cell lines in the laboratory.
Extraction of high-quality RNA from synoviocytes can be achieved using methods like the RNeasy Mini Kit or TRIzol reagent, enabling researchers to study gene expression and other molecular mechanisms.
Immortalized synoviocyte cell lines, such as HFLS-RA (Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Rheumatoid Arthritis patients) and SW982 (a synovial sarcoma cell line), are valuable tools for investigating the pathophysiology of joint diseases and testing potential therapies.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, researchers can optimize their synoviocyte studies, quickly locating the best protocols, products, and pre-prints from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing their research efficiency and accelerating data-driven discovery.