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> Anatomy > Embryonic Structure > Cleavage Stage, Ovum

Cleavage Stage, Ovum

The cleavage stage, or early embryo development, is the period shortly after fertilization when the zygote undergoes a series of rapid cell divisions, known as cleavage.
During this stage, the single-celled zygote divides into multiple cells, eventually forming a morula and then a blastocyst.
The ovum, or female gametee, is the cell produced during oogenesis that is capable of being fertilized by a sperm cell to form a zygote.
Understandung the cleavage stage and ovum is crucial for reproductive biology and assisted reproductive technologies.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of this important area of embryology.

Most cited protocols related to «Cleavage Stage, Ovum»

1
Genetic Variation and Development in Salmonid Fishes
The clonal lines used in this study were originally produced from outbred populations through rounds of gyno- and/or androgenesis, are completely homozygous and are maintained at the Washington State University Trout Hatchery (Young et al. 1996 (link)). The Sw and Cl lines are phenotypically male and genetically YY. The WR line originated from Whale Rock Reservoir on the Central Coast of California and is phenotypically and genetically female (XX). Eggs from one WR female were fertilized by sperm from one Sw male to produce WR × Sw F1 hybrids. The hybrids are phenotypically and genetically male (XY).
To produce the doubled haploid mapping progeny, outbred eggs were gamma-irradiated to destroy nuclear DNA and fertilized with sperm from one F1 hybrid male, and the first embryonic cleavage was blocked by heat shock to restore diploidy. The outbred eggs were obtained from Troutlodge Inc. (Sumner, WA) in February 2010. Hatching time has a good concordance with other measures of ontogenesis such as enzyme expression and morphological landmarks (Ferguson et al. 1985 ) and was used as a proxy for development rate. Hatching time was measured by transferring embryos into individual wells of an 80-well box within a stack incubator, examining the embryos every 8 h and recording the time of newly hatched embryos (Robison et al. 1999 ). Hatched embryos were stored at −80 °C prior to DNA extraction.
MILLER M.R., BRUNELLI J.P., WHEELER P.A., LIU S., REXROAD CE I.I.I., PALTI Y., DOE C.Q, & THORGAARD G.H. (2012). A conserved haplotype controls parallel adaptation in geographically distant salmonid populations. Molecular Ecology, 21(2), 237-249.
Publication 2012
Androgens Cleavage Stage, Ovum Clone Cells Diploidy Eggs Embryo Enzymes Females Gamma Rays Heat-Shock Response Homozygote Hybrids Males Population Group Sperm Trout Whales
2
Imaging and Characterization of Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos
We imaged and characterized Au nanoparticles accumulated in living embryos using DFOMS as the cleavage-stage embryos were incubated with 1.2 nM Au nanoparticles for 4 h (Figures 3-5).
We also characterized Au nanoparticles embedded in fully developed zebrafish that had been chronically incubated with a given concentration (1.2 nM) of nanoparticles for 120 h since their cleavage stage (Figure 8). The treated zebrafish were rinsed with DI water to remove external nanoparticles, and fixed using a tissue processor (STP 120) and a tissue embedding center (Shandon Histocentre™ 3 Embedding Center) via a histology protocol of tissue sample preparation as described below.
The zebrafish were fixed using chemical fixation (formaldehyde), dehydrated by EtOH, infiltrated with Clear-Rite (isoparaffinic aliphatic hydrocarbons), and finally embedded with paraffin, using a Microm STP-120 Spin Tissue Processor (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The tissue processor contains 12 buckets of solutions and a tissue sample holder that is controlled by computer-programs to automatically move the tissue samples from a solution in one bucket to the other in a desired manner. The solutions in the 12 buckets are arranged in the following order: buckets (i)-(ii): 10% buffered formalin in both buckets for fixation; buckets (iii)-(viii): 50%, 70%, 95%, 100%, 100%, and 100% (v/v) of EtOH/water for dehydration, respectively; buckets (ix)-(x): Clear-Rite in both buckets for removing EtOH from the tissue and infiltrating the tissue with Clear-Rite; buckets (xi)-(xii): paraffin at 60 °C in both buckets for embedding the tissue with paraffin. We placed the zebrafish treated with nanoparticles (or supernatant or untreated, as control experiments) in histo-screen cassettes and transferred the cassettes to the sample holder of the tissue processor, which moved the samples from one bucket to the other, allowing the tissue of zebrafish to be fully immersed in the solution of each bucket for desired duration (20-40 min) to complete histology sample preparation.
For example, the zebrafish were immersed in the first and second bucket containing the 10% buffered formalin for 20 min each, fully infiltrating the tissue of zebrafish with fixative. Note that formaldehyde reacts with the amine groups (NH2) of tissue proteins and stabilize the tissue in a fixed position, which is widely used as a fixative. Dehydration was then preformed to remove water from the tissue of zebrafish by fully immersing the samples into each solution of 50%, 70%, 95%, 100%, 100%, and 100% (v/v) of EtOH/water in buckets (iii)-(viii), for 20 min each. The samples were fully immersed in buckets (ix)-(x) containing Clear-Rite solution, for 20 min each, which allowed Clear-Rite (a solvent miscible with the embedding medium, paraffin) to completely replace EtOH that remained inside the tissue. The samples were finally moved into the last two buckets (xi-xii) containing paraffin at 60 °C and fully immersed in each paraffin solution for 40 min each. The heat (60 °C) causes the Clear-Rite solvent to evaporate, creating spaces in the tissue of zebrafish, which were fully infiltrated with the heated paraffin. Note that it is crucial to completely remove water from the tissue using dehydration process and fully infiltrate the tissue with Clear-Rite in order to appropriately embed the tissue with paraffin and to prevent the formation of the holes in the tissue, which allows us to prepare ultra-thin-layer sections of tissue samples of zebrafish in the following steps.
We then moved the zebrafish with the histo-screen cassettes from the sample holder of tissue processor into a paraffin bath at 60 °C in a Shandon Histocentre 3 embedding center (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and used the embedding center to prepare the tissue sample blocks. The embedding center includes a paraffin bath at 60 °C, a well-controlled nozzle system of the paraffin bath, a hot-plate at 45 °C, and a cold-plate at 0 °C. We filled a thin layer of liquefied paraffin (60 °C) on the bottom of a small histological block mold using the nozzle system of the paraffin bath, removed one zebrafish from the histo-screen cassette to the block mold, and aligned the zebrafish in a desired position in the mold (either vertically or horizontally aligned with the bottom of the mold). The mold was placed on the hot plate (45 °C) to prevent the paraffin from hardening, allowing us to perform the alignment successfully. We then placed the mold on the top of the cold plate (0 °C), which immediately solidified the paraffin and locked the zebrafish in the desired position inside the paraffin block. We filled up the mold with the paraffin (60 °C), placed the histo-screen cassette on the top of the mold, and left it on the cold plate (0 °C) overnight, allowing the paraffin to solidify completely.
We sectioned the sample block (~ 0.25 - 4 μm thickness) using a Microm HM360 rotary microtome (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and floated each section of the block on a DI water bath (40 °C), allowing the section to well spread over the water surface and create the smoother and thinner section. We then collected the sample using specially designed tissue slides, and dried the slides on a slide warmer (45 °C) overnight. After the slides were dried, we heated the slide in an upright position in an oven at 60 °C for 30 min, allowing the paraffin to slowly melt off the slide to remove the excess paraffin from the tissue.
The sections of the tissue embedded with nanoparticles were directly characterized using our DFOMS (Figure 8). LSPR spectra of individual nanoparticles offer chemical characterization of the nanoparticles (Figure 2C). The methods that we have developed in this study and in our previous studies28 (link) provide a powerful new tool to determine and characterize individual nanoparticles embedded in tissues, and to image the tissues with embedded nanoparticles with no need of staining reagents.
Browning L.M., Lee K.J., Huang T., Nallathamby P.D., Lowman J.E, & Xu X.H. (2009). Random Walk of Single Gold Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos Leading to Stochastic Toxic Effects on Embryonic Developments. Nanoscale, 1(1), 138-152.
Publication 2009
Bath Cleavage Stage, Ovum Cold Temperature Cytokinesis Dehydration Embryo Ethanol Fixatives Formaldehyde Formalin Fungus, Filamentous Hydrocarbons Microtomy Paraffin Paraffin Embedding Proteins Solvents Tissues VIA protocol Zebrafish
3
Zebrafish Embryo Treatment with SB-431542 and SB-505124
SB-431542 (4- [4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl-1H-imidazol-2- yl]benzamide), was obtained from Tocris (Ellisville, MO) and stored as a 100mM stock in DMSO at -20°C. SB-505124 (2-(5-benzo[1 (link),3 (link)]dioxol-5-yl-2-tert-butyl-3Himidazol- 4-yl)-6-methylpyridine hydrochloride) was a kind gift from GlaxoSmithKline (King of Prussia, PA) and is stored at 10 mM in DMSO at 4°C. For the drug time course studies shown in Figs. 1 and 4, approximately 1000 embryos equivalently staged embryos from 3–4 single pair matings were pooled, split into 10 dishes at a density of 100 embryos/dish, and raised in an incubator at 28.5°C. For drug treatment, embryos from one dish were removed at the desired stage, perforated near the margin with a pulled capillary tube, and split into glass dishes containing the drug in 5 ml embryo medium, at a density of 25 embryos/dish. Embryos were fixed at 10h and split into three groups for analysis of ntl, flh or shhb expression, or fixed at 14h and split into two groups for analysis of MyoD or pax2.1. Time courses depicted in other figures followed the same protocol, but embryos were fixed at the stages indicated for analysis of marker gene expression. In each figure, representative images are shown, and all embryos were treated on the same day. Embryos damaged by the perforation were discarded. Embryos treated with SB-505124 did not require perforation. In all experiments, some embryos in each experiment were allowed to develop until 24 h and examined morphologically to verify the efficacy of the treatment. All experiments were performed at least two times. The effective dose on 2.75 h embryos SB-431542 was determined in a titration of 5 μM-1mM SB-431542 or 3 μM–75 μM SB-505124. SB-431542 treatment was always associated with the formation of a dark precipitate in the solution. At 800 μM, all embryos resembled sqt; cyc mutants, whereas lower doses generated milder phenotypes similar to Zoep mutants [51 (link)]. This milder phenotype is also observed by treating cleavage stage embryos with 50 μM SB-431542 (data not shown) [40 (link),41 (link)]. The previously described toxic effects of SB-431542 in cell culture are apparent at doses above 800 μM on blastula stage embryos and above 100 μM on cleavage stage embryos (data not shown) [38 (link)]. For SB-505124, the lowest dose that produced the sqt; cyc phenotype ranged from 30–50 μM, depending on the age of the drug.
Hagos E.G, & Dougan S.T. (2007). Time-dependent patterning of the mesoderm and endoderm by Nodal signals in zebrafish. BMC Developmental Biology, 7, 22.
Publication 2007
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide benzamide Blastocyst Capillaries Cell Culture Techniques Cleavage Stage, Ovum Cytokinesis Embryo Figs Gene Expression Profiling Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal imidazole PAX2 protein, human Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype SB-505124 Sulfoxide, Dimethyl TERT protein, human Titrimetry
4
Zebrafish Embryo Collection Protocol
We housed wild type adult zebrafish (Aquatic Ecosystems) in a stand-alone system (Aquatic Habitats), maintained and bred zebrafish as described previously.28 (link), 52 Briefly, we placed two pairs of mature zebrafish into a clean 10-gallon breeding tank, and used a light (14 h)-dark (10 h) cycle to trigger breed and fertilization of embryos. We collected the embryos at cleavage stage (8–64-cell stage; 0.75-2.25 hpf), transferred them into a petri dish containing egg water (1.0 mM NaCl in DI water) (NaCl, 99.95%, Sigma), and well rinsed them with egg water to remove the surrounding debris.
Browning L.M., Lee K.J., Huang T., Nallathamby P.D., Lowman J.E, & Xu X.H. (2009). Random Walk of Single Gold Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos Leading to Stochastic Toxic Effects on Embryonic Developments. Nanoscale, 1(1), 138-152.
Publication 2009
Adult Cells Cleavage Stage, Ovum Ecosystem Embryo Fertilization Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Light Precipitating Factors Sodium Chloride Zebrafish
5
Drosophila Embryo Staging and Staining
Blastoderm stage embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (raised at 25°C) were collected 1–4 hrs after egg laying. Embryos were fixed and stained using FITC- (Kr, gt) or DIG-labeled (kni) riboprobes, plus polyclonal antiserum against Even-Skipped (Eve) [85] (link), according to standard experimental protocols [58] (link), [86] (link)–[88] (link). Nuclei were counterstained using Hoechst 34580. Imaging took place on a Leica TCS SP5 confocal microscope using a 20× objective, and an additional digital zoom of 1.3x. We imaged the blastodermal nuclear layer of laterally oriented embryos at two -positions, 1.0–1.2 μm apart. Data channels were scanned sequentially at a resolution of 1024×1024 pixels. Only embryos at cleavage cycle 14A (C14A) [89] (link) were chosen for further processing. For earlier time points, we use previously published gap mRNA expression data [58] (link).
Becker K., Balsa-Canto E., Cicin-Sain D., Hoermann A., Janssens H., Banga J.R, & Jaeger J. (2013). Reverse-Engineering Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gap Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Computational Biology, 9(10), e1003281.
Publication 2013
Blastoderm Cell Nucleus Cleavage Stage, Ovum Drosophila melanogaster Embryo Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Hoechst 34580 Immune Sera Microscopy, Confocal RNA, Messenger

Most recents protocols related to «Cleavage Stage, Ovum»

1
Ovarian Stimulation Protocols: A Comparative Evaluation
Ovarian stimulation protocols included gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol, GnRH antagonist protocol, and progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol. Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (OVIDREL; Merck Serono, Darmstadt, Germany) or GnRH-a (Decapeptyl; Ferring, Saint-Prex, Switzerland) were administered in patients when two leading follicles reached 18 mm in diameter. Oocyte retrieval was performed at 36 h after recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin or GnRH-a triggered by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. Insemination method was selected according to the sperm count after sperm preparation. A morphologic score of cleavage-stage embryo was given based on the number of blastomeres, the homogeneous degree of blastomeres, and the degree of cytoplasmic fragmentation, which has been extensively described in our previous study (3 (link)). If a couple has two or more high-quality cleavage-stage embryos on day 3 of embryo culture, the embryos were selected and cultured to blastocyst stage. Blastocyst evaluation was performed according to the Gardner’s grading system (4 (link)).
For patients who underwent GnRH agonist protocol and GnRH antagonist protocol, one to two fresh embryos were transferred into the uterus of women free of OHSS, hydrosalpinx, intrauterine adhesion and high progesterone level (> 1.5 ng/ml) on the day of triggering, and then, the spare embryos were cryopreserved for the next FET. Patients who underwent PPOS protocol had to freeze all their embryos. The vitrified cryopreservation was conducted according to standard protocols, as previously described (5 (link)).
Fan L., Li N., Liu X., Li X., Cai H., Pan D., Wang T., Shi W., Qu P, & Shi J. (2023). Hormone replacement treatment regimen is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1133978.
Publication 2023
Blastocyst Blastomeres Cleavage Stage, Ovum Cryopreservation Cytoplasm Decapeptyl Embryo Freezing Gonadorelin Hair Follicle Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Insemination Oocyte Retrieval Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Ovarian Stimulation Ovidrel Patients PRIME protocol Progesterone Progestins Sperm Ultrasonography Uterus Woman
2
Vitrification and Blastocyst Transfer
Embryos were vitrified and thawed by using the conventional method. Blastocysts with a score of 3BB or better were considered to be high quality (Alpha Scientists in Reproductive and Embryology, 2011 (link)). High quality blastocysts were transferred under the guidance of ultrasound. No more than two cleavage-stage embryos or single blastocyst were transferred at one time. Estradiol valerate, intramuscular injection of progesterone oil 40 mg/d and dydrogesterone tablets (Duphaston, Abbott Biologicals B.V Netherlands, 10 mg, op, bid) were given after embryos transfer.
Li J., Li X., Ding J., Zhao J., Chen J., Guan F., Deng H., Zhou M., Han Y., Xiao Z, & Yang J. (2023). Analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with recurrent implantation failure complicated with chronic endometritis. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1088586.
Publication 2023
Biological Factors Blastocyst Cleavage Stage, Ovum Duphaston Dydrogesterone Embryo Estradiol Valerate Intramuscular Injection Progesterone Reproduction Ultrasonography
3
Evaluating Embryo Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes
In this study, high-quality embryos at the cleavage stage were defined as embryos with 7–9 blastomeres at equal size on day 3 with no or less than 15% Fragmentation. “High-quality blastocysts” refers to embryos whose grades were above 3BB on day 5 or above 4BB on day 6 as determined using the blastocyst grading system according to Gardner’s criteria [14 (link)].
Two weeks after embryo transfer, a positive serum β-hCG level (≥10 IU/L) was defined as a biochemical pregnancy. Thirty days after embryo transfer, the presence of a gestational sac on an ultrasound scan was defined as clinical pregnancy. In addition, preterm birth was defined as delivery between 28 weeks and less than 37 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth was further subdivided into very early preterm (<28 weeks), early preterm (28–33 weeks), and late preterm (34–36 weeks) [15 (link)].
Biochemical pregnancy rate = Number of biochemical pregnancies cycles/Number of transplant cycles × 100%; Clinical pregnancy rate = Number of clinical pregnancy cycles/Number of transfer cycles × 100%; Multiple gestational sacs rate = Number of multiple gestational sacs cycles/Number of intrauterine pregnancy cycles × 100%; Live birth rate = Number of live birth cycles/Number of transplant cycles × 100%; Multiple birth rate = Number of multiple birth cycles/Number of live birth cycles × 100%; Preterm birth rate = Number of preterm birth cycles/Number of live birth cycles × 100%.
Yang D., Chai M., Yang N., Yang H., Wen X., Wang J., Fan Y., Cao Y., Zhang Z, & Chen B. (2023). Blastocyst Transplantation Strategies in Women of Different Ages. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1618.
Publication 2023
Blastocyst Blastomeres Cleavage Stage, Ovum Embryo Gestational Sac Grafts Multiple Birth Offspring Obstetric Delivery Pregnancy Premature Birth Serum Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Transfers, Embryo Ultrasonography
4
Parthenogenetic Activation of Oocytes
Central and peripheral GV oocytes were in vitro matured for 14 hours (metaphase II). Metaphase II oocytes were parthenogenetically activated by culturing the oocytes for 3 hours with 10 mM strontium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, no. 255521) and cytochalasin D (5 μg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich, no. C2743) in Ca2+/Mg2+-free CZB medium. The oocytes were then washed and transferred to kalium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) supplemented with cytochalasin D (5 μg/ml) for an additional 3 hours. The oocytes were then washed and cultured in KSOM for 48 hours before assessing embryo cleavage rates.
Kincade J.N., Hlavacek A., Akera T, & Balboula A.Z. (2023). Initial spindle positioning at the oocyte center protects against incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachment and aneuploidy in mice. Science Advances, 9(7), eadd7397.
Publication 2023
Cleavage Stage, Ovum Culture Media Cytochalasin D Metaphase Oocytes Potassium strontium chloride
5
Laser-Assisted Hatching for Embryo Transfer
In the absence of guidelines on whether to perform LAH, in our center, the embryologist makes a recommendation when any of the following scenarios are present: (i) female age ≥ 35 years; (ii) ZP thickness ≥ 15 μm; (iii) a history of repeated implantation failure (≥ 2 times); and (iv) multiple sperm still clinging to the ZP when an IVF-fertilized embryo progresses to the cleavage stage. Final decisions are made after full discussions with the couple.
Embryos were thawed on the morning of transfer, and laser zona thinning used in the LAH group. Briefly, thawed embryos were placed on a hot plate and observed under an inverted microscope (Nikon, Kanagawa, Japan). Then, the lens was adjusted to the laser position, that is, the site of maximum gap between the embryo and ZP. Proper laser intensity, the quarter circumference of ZP, and the 2/3 thickness of ZP were selected to implement zona thinning. The heat source was always kept away from the blastomeres. After operation, the culture was continued at 37 °C, 6% CO2, 5% O2, and saturated humidity conditions until embryo transfer. General laser zona thinning procedure is shown in Fig. 2.

The laser zona thinning procedure for a cleavage-stage embryo. A An intact cleavage-stage embryo (× 100 magnification); B the 1/4 circumference (the regions between the two white arrows) and the 2/3 thickness (represented by the green double arrow) of zona pellucida (× 100 magnification); C the local enlarged image of B (× 400 magnification)

Wei C., Xiang S., Liu D., Wang C., Liang X., Wu H, & Lian F. (2023). Laser-assisted hatching improves pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of cleavage-stage embryos: a large retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 40(2), 417-427.
Publication 2023
Blastomeres Cleavage Stage, Ovum Cytokinesis Embryo Herpes Zoster Humidity Lens, Crystalline Microscopy Ovum Implantation Sperm Transfer, Psychology Woman Zona Pellucida

Top products related to «Cleavage Stage, Ovum»

1
Duphaston by Abbott
Sourced in United States, Netherlands
Duphaston is a pharmaceutical product manufactured by Abbott. It is a synthetic progestogen used as a hormonal supplement.
2
Crinone by Merck Group
Sourced in United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany
Crinone is a medical device produced by Merck Group that is used for the administration of progesterone in gel form. It is designed to provide a controlled release of progesterone to support early pregnancy in certain medical conditions.
3
Te300 by Nikon
Sourced in Japan, United States, Canada
The TE300 is a microscope system produced by Nikon. It is designed for high-performance imaging and analysis in a laboratory setting. The core function of the TE300 is to provide a stable and versatile platform for various microscopy techniques.
4
Ovidrel by Merck Group
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, United States, Brazil, Australia
Ovidrel is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) medication used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Ovidrel is designed to trigger the final stage of egg maturation prior to ovulation.
5
G ivf medium by Vitrolife
Sourced in Sweden
G-IVF medium is a culture medium developed by Vitrolife for use in assisted reproductive technologies. It is designed to support the growth and development of human embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures.
6
Lsm 710 by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Switzerland, France, China, Canada, Italy, Spain, Singapore, Austria, Hungary, Australia
The LSM 710 is a laser scanning microscope developed by Zeiss. It is designed for high-resolution imaging and analysis of biological and materials samples. The LSM 710 utilizes a laser excitation source and a scanning system to capture detailed images of specimens at the microscopic level. The specific capabilities and technical details of the LSM 710 are not provided in this response to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.
7
Dydrogesterone by Abbott
Sourced in United States, Netherlands
Dydrogesterone is a synthetic progestogen compound that is used in laboratory research and testing. It is a chemical substance that acts similarly to the natural hormone progesterone, which is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
8
Sas 9 by SAS Institute
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SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
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Sas version 9 by SAS Institute
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Cameroon, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Israel, Denmark, Australia, New Caledonia, France, Argentina, Sweden, Ireland, India
SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
10
Sequential culture medium by Vitrolife
Sourced in Sweden
Sequential culture medium is a laboratory product designed for use in in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. It provides a controlled environment for the cultivation and development of embryos during the various stages of the IVF process. The medium is formulated to support the specific nutritional and developmental needs of embryos as they progress from the initial stages to the blastocyst stage.

More about "Cleavage Stage, Ovum"

The cleavage stage, also known as early embryo development, is a crucial period in the early stages of human reproduction.
Shortly after fertilization, the single-celled zygote undergoes a series of rapid cell divisions, a process called cleavage.
During this stage, the zygote divides into multiple cells, eventually forming a morula and then a blastocyst.
The ovum, or female gamete, is the cell produced during oogenesis that is capable of being fertilized by a sperm cell to form the zygote.
Understanding the cleavage stage and the ovum is essential for reproductive biology and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Crinone and Duphaston are two progestogen medications commonly used in ART to support the luteal phase and early pregnancy.
TE300 and Ovidrel are also important medications used in IVF, as they contain follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), respectively.
G-IVF medium and LSM 710 are examples of culture media used in IVF to support the growth and development of embryos.
Dydrogesterone is a synthetic progestogen that is sometimes used as an alternative to Duphaston in ART.
SAS 9.4, also known as SAS version 9.4, is a statistical software package that can be used to analyze data related to cleavage stage embryos and oocytes.
Mastering the intricacies of the cleavage stage and the ovum is crucial for researchers and clinicians working in the field of reproductive biology and ART.
By understanding the relevant terminology, medications, and technologies, they can optimize their research and improve patient outcomes.