Thirty-four neuroblastoma cell lines were grown to subconfluency according to standard culture conditions. RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Midi Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Nine RNA samples from pooled normal human tissues (heart, brain, fetal brain, lung, trachea, kidney, mammary gland, small intestine and uterus) were obtained from Clontech. Blood and fibroblast biopsies were obtained from different normal healthy individuals. Thirteen leukocyte samples were isolated from 5 ml fresh blood using Qiagen's erythrocyte lysis buffer. Fibroblast cells from 20 upper-arm skin biopsies were cultured for a short time (3-4 passages) and harvested at subconfluency as described [22 (link)]. Bone marrow samples were obtained from nine patients with no hematological malignancy. Total RNA of leukocyte, fibroblast and bone marrow samples was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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Embryonic Structure
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Fetus
Fetus
The fetus is the unborn offspring of a human or other mammal, developing from an embryo and typically remaining in the uterus until birth.
Fetal development involves the growth and differentiation of various tissues and organs, culminating in the fully formed infant.
Research on the fetus can provide insights into prenatal health, developmental biology, and the complex processes that lead to a successful pregnancy and delivery.
Optimizing reproducibility and accuracy in fetus research is crucial for advancing scientific understanding and improving clinical outcomes.
Fetal development involves the growth and differentiation of various tissues and organs, culminating in the fully formed infant.
Research on the fetus can provide insights into prenatal health, developmental biology, and the complex processes that lead to a successful pregnancy and delivery.
Optimizing reproducibility and accuracy in fetus research is crucial for advancing scientific understanding and improving clinical outcomes.
Most cited protocols related to «Fetus»
Arm, Upper
Biopsy
BLOOD
Bone Marrow
Brain
Buffers
Cell Lines
Erythrocytes
Fetus
Fibroblasts
Heart
Hematologic Neoplasms
Homo sapiens
Intestines, Small
Kidney
Leukocytes
Lung
Mammary Gland
Neuroblastoma
Patients
Skin
Tissues
Trachea
trizol
Uterus
Birth Weight
Cuboid Bone
Ethnicity
Females
Fetal Growth
Fetus
Gestational Age
Health Insurance
Infant
Males
Pregnancy Tests
Racial Groups
Signs and Symptoms
Student
Ultrasonography
Woman
Antibodies
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Astrocytes
Brain
Cell Culture Techniques
Cells
Endothelial Cells
Fetus
Gray Matter
Homo sapiens
Hybridomas
Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal
Lectin
Lysine
Macrophage
Microglia
Neurons
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells
Oligodendroglia
Papain
Poly A
Protease Inhibitors
RNA-Seq
Serum
Thy-1 Antigens
Tissues
Trypsin
To develop the growth monitoring curves that joined the intrauterine meta-analysis data with the WHO Growth Standard (WHOGS) smoothly, the following cubic spline procedure was used to meet two objectives:
a) To maintain integrity with the meta-analysis curves from 22 to 36 weeks. Integrity of the fit was assumed to be agreement within 3% at each week.
b) To ensure fit of the data to the WHO values at 50 weeks, within 0.5%.
Procedure:
1) Cubic splines were used to interpolate smooth values between selected points (22, 25, 28, 32, 34, 36 and 50 weeks). Extra points were manually selected at 40, 43 and 46 weeks in order to produce acceptable fit through the underlying data. The PreM Growth study (Fenton TR, Nasser R, Eliasziw M, Kim JH, Bilan D, Sauve R: Validating the weight gain of preterm infants between the reference growth curve of the fetus and the term infant, The Preterm Infant Multicentre Growth Study. Submitted BMC Ped 2012) conducted to inform the transition between the preterm and WHO data, was used to inform this step. The Prem Growth Study found that preterm infants growth in weight followed approximately a straight line between 37 and 45 weeks, as others have also noted [9 (link)-11 (link)].
2) LMS values (measures of skew, the median, and the standard deviation) [15 (link)] were computed from the interpolated cubic splines at weekly intervals. Cole’s procedures [15 (link)] and an iterative least squares method were used to derive the LMS parameters (L = Box-Cox power, M = median, S = coefficient of variation) from the multicentre meta-analyses for weight, head circumference and length. The LMS splines were smoothed slightly while maintaining data integrity as noted above.
3) The final percentile curves were produced from the smoothed LMS values.
4) A grid similar to the 2003 growth chart was used, but the growth curves were re-scaled along the x-axis from completed weeks to allow clinicians to plot infant growth by actual age in weeks, and a slight modification (scaled to 60 centimeters instead of 65) was made to the y-axis.
a) To maintain integrity with the meta-analysis curves from 22 to 36 weeks. Integrity of the fit was assumed to be agreement within 3% at each week.
b) To ensure fit of the data to the WHO values at 50 weeks, within 0.5%.
Procedure:
1) Cubic splines were used to interpolate smooth values between selected points (22, 25, 28, 32, 34, 36 and 50 weeks). Extra points were manually selected at 40, 43 and 46 weeks in order to produce acceptable fit through the underlying data. The PreM Growth study (Fenton TR, Nasser R, Eliasziw M, Kim JH, Bilan D, Sauve R: Validating the weight gain of preterm infants between the reference growth curve of the fetus and the term infant, The Preterm Infant Multicentre Growth Study. Submitted BMC Ped 2012) conducted to inform the transition between the preterm and WHO data, was used to inform this step. The Prem Growth Study found that preterm infants growth in weight followed approximately a straight line between 37 and 45 weeks, as others have also noted [9 (link)-11 (link)].
2) LMS values (measures of skew, the median, and the standard deviation) [15 (link)] were computed from the interpolated cubic splines at weekly intervals. Cole’s procedures [15 (link)] and an iterative least squares method were used to derive the LMS parameters (L = Box-Cox power, M = median, S = coefficient of variation) from the multicentre meta-analyses for weight, head circumference and length. The LMS splines were smoothed slightly while maintaining data integrity as noted above.
3) The final percentile curves were produced from the smoothed LMS values.
4) A grid similar to the 2003 growth chart was used, but the growth curves were re-scaled along the x-axis from completed weeks to allow clinicians to plot infant growth by actual age in weeks, and a slight modification (scaled to 60 centimeters instead of 65) was made to the y-axis.
Cuboid Bone
Epistropheus
Fetus
Head
Infant
Preterm Infant
In order to better understand the possible connection between PIDD1 and the brain developmental phenotypes observed in individuals with mutations disrupting PIDD1 function, we used publically available transcriptomic datasets (gene expression microarray and RNAseq) for PIDD1, and co-expression with related genes to explore commonalities in temporaspatial expression. Firstly, we used data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to explore gross anatomical gene expression for humans through the GTEx Portal (https://www.gtexportal.org/home/ ). Secondly, we used Allen Brain Atlas data (www.brainspan.org ) to look at temporospatial mRNA expression for human brain from 8 weeks post-conception to 40 years of age, using RNAseq and gene expression microarray23 (link), and from RNAseq data from the PsychEncode dataset24 (link). Adult Human transcriptomic comparisons were performed with the Allen Human Brain Atlas data25 (link). Co-expression analysis of BrainSpan datasets was performed as described previously26 (link) (https://hbaset.msl.ubc.ca/ ). Thirdly, we used single-cell RNAseq data from fetal and postnatal mouse brains, for which cell types have been classified according to spatial and taxonomical cluster analysis (www.mousebrain.org )27 (link),28 . Data were analyzed from the single-gene perspective (PIDD1/Pidd1 alone), also with PIDDosome interactors (PIDD1/Pidd1+CRADD/Cradd+CASP2/Casp2), or with a gene set of PIDD1 interactors (P gene set: PIDD1, CRADD, CASP2, MADD, FADD) plus genes relevant to lissencephaly (L gene set: RELN, TUBA1A, NDE1, KATNB1, CDK5, ARX, DCX, LPHN1, LPHN2, LPHN3).
Adult
Brain
CASP2 protein, human
CDK5 protein, human
Cells
Conception
FADD protein, human
Fetus
Gene Expression
Gene Expression Profiling
Genes
Genotype
Homo sapiens
Lissencephaly
MADD protein, human
Mice, Laboratory
Microarray Analysis
Mutation
Phenotype
PIDD1 protein, human
RELN protein, human
RNA, Messenger
Single-Cell RNA-Seq
Tissues
Most recents protocols related to «Fetus»
Example 2
Five cDNA libraries that had been produced from different human, tissues (foetal brain, intestine, lung, liver and T-cells) were used for the production, of the recombinant antigens. All cDNAs were expressed in E. coli under the transcriptional control of the lactose-inducible promoter. The resultant proteins carry, at their amino terminus, an additional sequence for a hexahistidine purification tag (His6 tag), Target, antigens which were not present, in the cDNA library were produced by chemical synthesis (Life Technologies) and cloned into the expression vector pQE30-NST, which already codes an amino-terminal His6 tag.
Following recombinant expression of the proteins, these were isolated in denaturising conditions and purified by means of metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The proteins were lyophilised and stored set −20° C. until further use (http://www.lifesciences.sourceboioscience.com).
Antigens
Brain
cDNA Library
Chromatography, Affinity
Cloning Vectors
DNA, Complementary
Escherichia coli
Fetus
His-His-His-His-His-His
his6 tag
Homo sapiens
imidazole-4-acetic acid
Intestines
Lactose
Liver
Lung
Metals
Proteins
Recombinant Proteins
T-Lymphocyte
Tissues
Transcription, Genetic
Example 9
Materials and Methods
2 ug of fluorescently labeled mRNA was mixed with 20 ug of 3E10-D31N with or without carrier DNA (5 ug) for 15 minutes at room temperature. mRNA complexed to 3E10 was injected to fetuses at E15.5. 24-48 hours after treatment, fetuses were harvested and analyzed for mRNA delivery using IVIS imaging.
Results
Without carrier DNA, 3E10-D31N complexed to mRNA was rapidly cleared from fetuses at 24 hours. The addition of carrier DNA, however, resulted in detectable mRNA signal in multiple tissues of the fetus at 48 hours.
The Examples above may indicate that DNA cargo delivery may be more general to multiple tissues and not restricted to tumors, while RNA delivery may be more selective for tumor tissue.
Aftercare
Fetal Tissue
Fetus
Neoplasms
Obstetric Delivery
RNA, Messenger
Tissues
Example 18
It has been shown that many vitamins and minerals are essential for healthy pregnancy. For example, low maternal folate levels are associated with allergy sensitization and asthma (Lin J et al, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2013). Low maternal iron levels have been associated with lower mental development (Chang S. et al, Pediatrics, 2013), and low iron may even increase a mother's risk of post-partum depression. Vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation, is essential for pregnant women and the health of their fetus. Folate, Iron, and Vitamin B12 can all cause anemia and increase a pregnant woman's risk of preterm labor, developmental delays of the child, as well as neural tube defects during development. Based on a WHO review of nationally representative samples from 1993 to 2005, 42 percent of pregnant women have anemia. Other essential vitamins and minerals that promote a healthy pregnancy are well validated and include Vitamins A, D, E, Other B Vitamins, Calcium, and Zinc.
In some embodiments the disclosed device focuses on detecting levels of vitamins and minerals from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluid that may help maintain healthy levels within the body for pregnancy.
Anemia
Asthma
BLOOD
Calcium, Dietary
Child Development
Cobalamins
Depression, Postpartum
Fetus
Folate
Hematopoiesis
Human Body
Hypersensitivity
Iron
Medical Devices
Menstruation
Minerals
Mothers
Neural Tube Defects
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Premature Obstetric Labor
Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamins
Zinc
SPF Sprague–Dawley rats (6~8 weeks age, 180~200 g weight) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (SCXK 2012-0001, Beijing, China). Based on a previous report [25 (link)], we established an A2M-overexpression rat model via tail vein injection as previously described [26 (link)]. Briefly, on gestational day (GD) 8.5, rats (excluding non-pregnant rats) were injected with adenoviruses expressing A2M (OBiO Technology Co., Shanghai, China), and the sequencing results are shown in Additional file 1 : Supplementary Result 1. We injected an adenoviral dose of approximately 1–2×109 pfu per animal, and the adenoviruses were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to a total volume of 400 μl. The treated rats were sacrificed on GD19.5 (corresponding to the third trimester) for further study. The following parameters were assessed: blood pressure, blood flow, and proteinuria. The primary outcome of this study will be hypertension with blood pressure measurement. Secondary outcomes constitute blood flow, proteinuria, and histological analyses to measure the morphology and cell function of the spiral artery and placental vascular. For the rat samples, the pregnant rats were first euthanized to collect placentas and fetuses. According to Resource Equation Approach [27 (link)], a total of 20 rats were studied, the rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 in each group): the control and A2M-overexpression groups (note: the rats used in this experiment came from at least three different modelling batches). Random numbers were generated using the standard = RAND() function in Microsoft Excel. Each rat was euthanized by cervical dislocation after the experiment. Experiments involving animals were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines. All experimental processes involving animal treatments were conducted in accordance with the procedures of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation, Jinan University (approval number: 20210302-46).
Adenoviruses
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
Arteries
Blood Circulation
Blood Pressure
Blood Vessel
Determination, Blood Pressure
Ethics Committees
Fetus
High Blood Pressures
Joint Dislocations
Neck
Phosphates
Physiology, Cell
Placenta
Pregnancy
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rivers
Saline Solution
Tail
Veins
Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions
Open the protocol to access the free full text link
Brain
Care, Prenatal
Chromosome Aberrations
Diagnosis
Ethics Committees, Research
Fetal Ultrasonography
Fetus
Gestational Age
Healthy Volunteers
Heart Atrium
Hydrocephalus
Infection
Injuries
Neurologists
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Ultrasonography
Woman
Youth
Top products related to «Fetus»
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
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L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.
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GlutaMAX is a chemically defined, L-glutamine substitute for cell culture media. It is a stable source of L-glutamine that does not degrade over time like L-glutamine. GlutaMAX helps maintain consistent cell growth and performance in cell culture applications.
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RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
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Neurobasal medium is a cell culture medium designed for the maintenance and growth of primary neuronal cells. It provides a defined, serum-free environment that supports the survival and differentiation of neurons. The medium is optimized to maintain the phenotypic characteristics of neurons and minimizes the growth of non-neuronal cells.
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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.
More about "Fetus"
The fetus, the unborn offspring of a human or other mammal, is a fascinating subject of study, providing insights into prenatal health, developmental biology, and the complex processes of pregnancy and delivery.
As the fetus develops from an embryo, various tissues and organs undergo growth and differentiation, culminating in the fully formed infant.
Researchers in this field often utilize specialized media and supplements to culture and maintain fetal cells and tissues.
For example, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a common additive used to provide essential growth factors and nutrients.
Additionally, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), a nutrient-rich cell culture medium, is widely used to support the growth and maintenance of fetal cells.
Antibiotics such as Penicillin and Streptomycin are frequently included in cell culture protocols to prevent bacterial contamination, while L-glutamine and GlutaMAX serve as important sources of amino acids.
RPMI 1640 medium and Neurobasal medium are other commonly used formulations that can be tailored to the specific needs of fetal cell cultures.
Optimizing the reproducibility and accuracy of fetus research is crucial for advancing scientific understanding and improving clinical outcomes.
Researchers can leverage AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and identify the most effective products and methods to drive their fetus research forward with confidence.
As the fetus develops from an embryo, various tissues and organs undergo growth and differentiation, culminating in the fully formed infant.
Researchers in this field often utilize specialized media and supplements to culture and maintain fetal cells and tissues.
For example, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a common additive used to provide essential growth factors and nutrients.
Additionally, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), a nutrient-rich cell culture medium, is widely used to support the growth and maintenance of fetal cells.
Antibiotics such as Penicillin and Streptomycin are frequently included in cell culture protocols to prevent bacterial contamination, while L-glutamine and GlutaMAX serve as important sources of amino acids.
RPMI 1640 medium and Neurobasal medium are other commonly used formulations that can be tailored to the specific needs of fetal cell cultures.
Optimizing the reproducibility and accuracy of fetus research is crucial for advancing scientific understanding and improving clinical outcomes.
Researchers can leverage AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and identify the most effective products and methods to drive their fetus research forward with confidence.