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> Anatomy > Embryonic Structure > Placenta

Placenta

The placenta is a vital organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nourishment, waste removal, and other important functions for the growing fetus.
It is composed of extraembryonic tissues and plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the baby.
Placenta research is critical for understanding pregnancy-related conditions and improving maternal and child health outcomes.
PubCompare.ai can optimize this research by helping scientists locate the most relevant protocols, identify the best methods and products, and enhnace reproducibility and accuracy in their placenta studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Placenta»

1
RNA-Seq Analysis of Smchd1 Mutant Lymphoma Cells
RNA was extracted from 1 × 106Smchd1+/+;EμMycTg/+ and Smchd1MD1/MD1;EμMycTg/+ lymphoma cells using Qiagen RNeasy Minikit as per the manufacturers instructions. Libraries were prepared using Illumina’s TruSeq RNA sample preparation kit as per the manufacturers instructions and submitted to the Australian Genome Research Facility for quality control, library preparation and sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform using 100 base, paired end or single-end reads. Base calling and quality scoring were performed using Real-Time Analysis (version 1.17.21.3) and FASTQ file generation and de-multiplexing using CASAVA (version 1.8.2). Reads from FASTQ files were aligned to the mouse genome (mm10) using Subread (version 1.10.5) (26 (link)) and summarized at the gene-level using the featureCounts procedure (27 (link)). Subsequent analysis was carried out using the ‘edgeR’ (28 (link)) and ‘limma’ (14 ) Bioconductor software. The counts were transformed into CPM to standardize for differences in library-size and filtering was carried out to retain genes with a baseline expression level of at least 0.5 CPM in three or more samples. Data were TMM normalized (3 (link)) and an MDS plot was generated (Figure 1B) before linear models using various weighting strategies (described below) were fitted to summarize over replicate samples. Moderated t-statistics were used to assess differential expression between Smchd1MD1/MD1 and Smchd1+/+ (wild-type) samples, with genes ranked according to their FDR (22 ). These data are available under GEO series accession number GSE64099.
Smchd1 has been shown to have a role in the regulation of clustered protocadherins and imprinted genes in diverse tissues including whole embryo, adult brain, embryonic fibroblasts, placenta and malignant and normal B cells (30 (link)–32 (link)). We obtained gene sets for these two classes of genes to use as true positives (TPs) in our analysis. To identify protocadherins, we used regular expression matching to look for this term in the gene name field of the annotation of the filtered data set, which returned eight genes (out of a total of 71 in the mouse genome). A comprehensive set of imprinted mouse genes was downloaded from http://www.mousebook.org/imprinting-gene-list and matched to the expressed genes in this data set using Gene Symbols. In total, 46 genes out of the 150 in the original list were matched.
Liu R., Holik A.Z., Su S., Jansz N., Chen K., Leong H.S., Blewitt M.E., Asselin-Labat M.L., Smyth G.K, & Ritchie M.E. (2015). Why weight? Modelling sample and observational level variability improves power in RNA-seq analyses. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(15), e97.
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Publication 2015
Adult B-Lymphocytes Brain Cells Childbirth Classes Clustered Protocadherins DNA Library DNA Replication Embryo Fibroblasts Gene Annotation Gene Expression Genes Genes, vif Genetic Diversity Genome Lymphoma Mus Placenta Protocadherins Tissues
2
TNBC Tumor Immune Microenvironment Profiling

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Publication 2018
Biopsy Breast Carcinoma Cells ERBB2 protein, human Gastrointestinal Tract Microarray Analysis Neoplasms Nodes, Lymph Palatine Tonsil Pathologists Patients Placenta Tissues Tissue Stains
3
Transcriptomic Analysis of Normal and Cancer Tissues
Transcriptomic data from normal tissues and cancer samples were obtained with the Affymetrix technology “Affymetrix.GeneChip. HG-U133_Plus_2.” We used data available either on the GEO Web site (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) or from our own lung tumor series (GSE30219). The data were analyzed as described in the Supplementary Materials and Methods.
Thresholds of expression for germline- and placenta-restricted genes were established as described in the Supplementary Materials and Methods.
Rousseaux S., Debernardi A., Jacquiau B., Vitte A.L., Vesin A., Nagy-Mignotte H., Moro-Sibilot D., Brichon P.Y., Lantuejoul S., Hainaut P., Laffaire J., de Reyniès A., Beer D.G., Timsit J.F., Brambilla C., Brambilla E, & Khochbin S. (2013). Ectopic Activation of Germline and Placental Genes Identifies Aggressive Metastasis-Prone Lung Cancers. Science translational medicine, 5(186), 186ra66.
Publication 2013
Gene Chips Gene Expression Profiling Genes Germ Line Lung Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasms Placenta Tissues
4
Methylation Profiling and Co-Methylation Analysis
Methylation profiles were calculated as described previously6 and are available from the HEP database/browser at www.epigenome.org. Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to determine differential methylation between tissues (T-DMRs), measuring the proportion of uncorrected p-values that were smaller 0.001 for all CpGs. As this test is insensitive to samples that were only measured in a single sample such as sperm and placenta, the obtained number of T-DMRs is unlikely to be overstated due to putative aberrant methylation within these samples. Some T-DMRs were experimentally validated by sequencing independent DNA samples. Equality between two groups (age and sex) was performed using Wilcoxon tests.
For the analysis of co-methylation, median methylation values were used over all technical replicates to minimize any skewing effect because of possible outliers. In addition, we excluded all CpGs where the methylation values derived from the forward and reverse reads of the same amplicon differed by more than 10%. Based on this criterion, 38% of CpGs were excluded from the analysis. As only one DNA strand was analysed following bisulfite conversion, no assessment of hemimethylation was possible in this case. Methylation changes were calculated based on the absolute methylation differences between CpG pairs of identical samples. To minimize a bias introduced by the amplicon selection, the analysis was performed using both, individual CpGs (window size 20,000bp) and CpGs of the same amplicons. Co-methylation of CpGs was described as a function of similar methylation levels over distance (in bp).
For scatter plots, equal amounts of measurements were binned and ranked by numerical order of the X-axis values, representing means of X- and Y- data. For box plots and histograms, data were binned according to the intervals indicated on the X-axis containing different numbers of measurements.
Eckhardt F., Lewin J., Cortese R., Rakyan V.K., Attwood J., Burger M., Burton J., Cox T.V., Davies R., Down T.A., Haefliger C., Horton R., Howe K., Jackson D.K., Kunde J., Koenig C., Liddle J., Niblett D., Otto T., Pettett R., Seemann S., Thompson C., West T., Rogers J., Olek A., Berlin K, & Beck S. (2006). DNA methylation profiling of human chromosomes 6, 20 and 22. Nature genetics, 38(12), 1378-1385.
Publication 2006
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine Epigenome Epistropheus hydrogen sulfite Methylation Placenta Sperm Tissues
5
Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends
Both 5' and 3' RACE were performed on 12 human poly(A)+ RNAs (brain, heart, kidney, spleen, liver, colon, small intestine, muscle, lung, stomach, testis, placenta) using the BD SMART™ RACE cDNA amplification kit (BD BioScience-Clontech Catalogue No.634914, Mountain View, CA 95043, USA). Double-stranded cDNA synthesis and adaptor ligations to the synthesized cDNA were done according to the manufacturer's instructions. RACE fragments were separated on agarose gels and one or two strong single bands per gene purified and sequenced directly. Thus, successful RACE reactions appearing as a smear on the agarose gel would be discarded, therefore producing an approximate 54% success rate.
Harrow J., Denoeud F., Frankish A., Reymond A., Chen C.K., Chrast J., Lagarde J., Gilbert J.G., Storey R., Swarbreck D., Rossier C., Ucla C., Hubbard T., Antonarakis S.E, & Guigo R. (2006). GENCODE: producing a reference annotation for ENCODE. Genome Biology, 7(Suppl 1), S4.
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Publication 2006
Anabolism Brain Colon DNA, Complementary Genes Heart Homo sapiens Intestines, Small Kidney Ligation Liver Lung Muscle Tissue Placenta RNA, Polyadenylated Sepharose Spleen Stomach Testis

Most recents protocols related to «Placenta»

1
Protein Expression Analysis of CLDN6
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

For Western blot analysis 20 μg of total protein extracted from cells lyzed with Laemmli-lysis buffer was used. Extracts were diluted in reducing sample buffer (Roth), subjected to SDS-PAGE and subsequently electrotransferred onto PVDF membrane (Pall). Immunostaining was performed with polyclonal antibodies reactive to CLDN6 (ARP) and beta-Actin (Abcam) followed by detection of primary antibodies with horseradish-peroxidase conjugated goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (Dako).

Tissue lysates from up to five individuals were tested for each normal tissue type. No CLDN6 protein expression was detected in any of the normal tissues analyzed. In contrast to normal tissues, high expression of CLDN6 protein was detected in samples from ovarian cancer and lung cancer. CLDN6 expression was detected in NIH-OVCAR3 (ovarian cancer), MKN7 (gastric cancer), AGS (gastric cancer), CPC-N (SCLC), HCT-116 (colon cancer), FU97 (gastric cancer), NEC8 (testicular embryonal carcinoma), JAR (placental choriocarcinoma), JEG3 (placental choriocarcinoma), BEWO (placental choriocarcinoma), and PA-1 (ovarian teratocarcinoma).

US11859008B2. Antibodies for treatment of cancer expressing claudin 6 (2024-01-02). Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH [DE], Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz [DE]. Inventors: Ugur Sahin [DE], Ozlem Tureci [DE], Michael Koslowski [DE], Korden Walter [DE], Stefan Woll [DE], Maria Kreuzberg [DE], Bernd Hubner [DE], Michael Erdeljan [DE], Michael Weichel [DE].
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Patent 2024
Anti-Antibodies Antibodies beta-Actin Buffers Cancer of Colon Cell Lines Choriocarcinoma CLDN6 protein, human Embryonal Carcinoma Gastric Cancer Goat Histocompatibility Testing Horseradish Peroxidase Laemmli buffer Lung Cancer Malignant Neoplasms Mus Ovarian Cancer Ovary Placenta polyvinylidene fluoride Proteins Rabbits SDS-PAGE Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Teratocarcinoma Testis Tissue, Membrane Tissues Western Blot
2
Quantifying CLDN6 Protein Expression
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

For Western blot analysis 20 μg of total protein extracted from cells lyzed with Laemmli-lysis buffer was used. Extracts were diluted in reducing sample buffer (Roth), subjected to SDS-PAGE and subsequently electrotransferred onto PVDF membrane (Pall). Immunostaining was performed with polyclonal antibodies reactive to CLDN6 (ARP) and beta-Actin (Abcam) followed by detection of primary antibodies with horseradish-peroxidase conjugated goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (Dako).

Tissue lysates from up to five individuals were tested for each normal tissue type. No CLDN6 protein expression was detected in any of the normal tissues analyzed. In contrast to normal tissues, high expression of CLDN6 protein was detected in samples from ovarian cancer and lung cancer. CLDN6 expression was detected in NIH-OVCAR3 (ovarian cancer), MKN7 (gastric cancer), AGS (gastric cancer), CPC-N(SCLC), HCT-116 (colon cancer), FU97 (gastric cancer), NEC8 (testicular embryonal carcinoma), JAR (placental choriocarcinoma), JEG3 (placental choriocarcinoma), BEWO (placental choriocarcinoma), and PA-1 (ovarian teratocarcinoma).

US11858988B2. Antibodies specific for claudin 6 (CLDN6) (2024-01-02). Ganymed Pharmaceuticals GmbH [DE], Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz [DE]. Inventors: Ugur Sahin [DE], Özlem Türeci [DE], Michael Koslowski [DE], Korden Walter [DE], Stefan Woll [DE], Maria Kreuzberg [DE], Bernd Hubner [DE], Michael Erdeljan [DE].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Anti-Antibodies Antibodies beta-Actin Buffers Cancer of Colon Cell Lines Choriocarcinoma CLDN6 protein, human Embryonal Carcinoma Gastric Cancer Goat Histocompatibility Testing Horseradish Peroxidase Laemmli buffer Lung Cancer Malignant Neoplasms Mus Ovarian Cancer Ovary Placenta polyvinylidene fluoride Proteins Rabbits SDS-PAGE Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Teratocarcinoma Testis Tissue, Membrane Tissues Western Blot
3
Rat Model of A2M Overexpression
SPF Sprague–Dawley rats (6~8 weeks age, 180~200 g weight) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (SCXK 2012-0001, Beijing, China). Based on a previous report [25 (link)], we established an A2M-overexpression rat model via tail vein injection as previously described [26 (link)]. Briefly, on gestational day (GD) 8.5, rats (excluding non-pregnant rats) were injected with adenoviruses expressing A2M (OBiO Technology Co., Shanghai, China), and the sequencing results are shown in Additional file 1: Supplementary Result 1. We injected an adenoviral dose of approximately 1–2×109 pfu per animal, and the adenoviruses were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to a total volume of 400 μl. The treated rats were sacrificed on GD19.5 (corresponding to the third trimester) for further study. The following parameters were assessed: blood pressure, blood flow, and proteinuria. The primary outcome of this study will be hypertension with blood pressure measurement. Secondary outcomes constitute blood flow, proteinuria, and histological analyses to measure the morphology and cell function of the spiral artery and placental vascular. For the rat samples, the pregnant rats were first euthanized to collect placentas and fetuses. According to Resource Equation Approach [27 (link)], a total of 20 rats were studied, the rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 in each group): the control and A2M-overexpression groups (note: the rats used in this experiment came from at least three different modelling batches). Random numbers were generated using the standard = RAND() function in Microsoft Excel. Each rat was euthanized by cervical dislocation after the experiment. Experiments involving animals were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines. All experimental processes involving animal treatments were conducted in accordance with the procedures of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation, Jinan University (approval number: 20210302-46).
Wang J., Zhang P., Liu M., Huang Z., Yang X., Ding Y., Liu J., Cheng X., Xu S., He M., Zhang F., Wang G., Li R, & Yang X. (2023). Alpha-2-macroglobulin is involved in the occurrence of early-onset pre-eclampsia via its negative impact on uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental angiogenesis. BMC Medicine, 21, 90.
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Publication 2023
Adenoviruses Animals Animals, Laboratory Arteries Blood Circulation Blood Pressure Blood Vessel Determination, Blood Pressure Ethics Committees Fetus High Blood Pressures Joint Dislocations Neck Phosphates Physiology, Cell Placenta Pregnancy Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rivers Saline Solution Tail Veins
4
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Liver and Placenta
Liver and placenta tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The tissues were serially sectioned into 4 μm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All sections were mounted onto a glass slide and observed under the light microscope and collected by NIS-Elements 3.2 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Sections were examined by a qualified and blinded pathologist to evaluate the pathological changes.
Tissue sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated using ethanol and distilled water, and treated with 3% H2O2. Sections were then rinsed twice and incubated with goat serum to block non-specific antibody binding. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the primary antibodies for Cyp7a1 (Cat#bs-21430R, Bioss, 1:100), Cyp8b1 (Cat#bs-14165R, Bioss, 1:100), Cyp27a1 (Cat#bs-5049R, Bioss, 1:100), MRP2 (Cat#bs-1092R, Bioss, 1:100) and BSEP (Cat#bs-12440R, Bioss, 1:100). After washing, sections were incubated with the secondary antibody (PV-6001; Zhongshan, China) for 30 min. The sections were stained with DAB, dehydrated with ethanol and xylene, and then sealed. The slides were photographed using a digital microscope camera and collected by NIS-Elements 3.2 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
Tang B., Tang L., Li S., Liu S., He J., Li P., Wang S., Yang M., Zhang L., Lei Y., Tu D., Tang X., Hu H., Ouyang Q., Chen X, & Yang S. (2023). Gut microbiota alters host bile acid metabolism to contribute to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Nature Communications, 14, 1305.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies Cardiac Arrest CYP7A1 protein, human Eosin Ethanol Fingers Goat Immunoglobulins Immunohistochemistry Light Microscopy Liver Microscopy Paraffin Embedding paraform Pathologists Peroxide, Hydrogen Placenta Serum Tissues Xylene
5
Fetal Echocardiography for Cardiac Abnormalities
Fetal echocardiography was performed by cardiac ultrasound specialists when abnormal auscultation of the fetal heart was detected at antenatal visits or during ultrasonographic examination.[8 (link),12 (link)] Fetal cardiac function was also assessed using the fetal cardiovascular profile score that encompassed fetal-hydrops, abnormal venous and arterial Doppler findings, cardiomegaly, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and cardiac dysfunction; each component was scored 1 to 2 points according to ultrasonographic examination.[13 (link)]Fetal-hydrops was defined as the accumulation of abnormal fluid in at least 2 different fetal compartments, and included pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and peritoneal effusion; skin edema (skin thickness > 5 mm); thickened placenta (≥4 cm in the second trimester or ≥ 6 cm in the third trimester); or polyhydramnios.[14 (link),15 (link)] Fetal-hydrops was monitored every other 3-to-5-day period during pregnancy according to the intrauterine state of the arrhythmic fetus.[16 (link)]
Hu Q., Liao H., Xu T., Liu H., Wang X, & Yu H. (2023). Perinatal outcomes of intrauterine fetal arrhythmias: A 10-year retrospective cohort study. Medicine, 102(10), e33244.
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Publication 2023
Arteries Auscultation Cardiovascular System Care, Prenatal Echocardiography Edema Effusion, Pericardial Fetal Heart Fetus Heart Heart Auscultation Heart Failure Hydrops Fetalis Peritoneal Effusion Placenta Pleural Effusion Polyhydramnios Pregnancy Skin Specialists Ultrasonography Veins

Top products related to «Placenta»

1
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.
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The High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit is a laboratory tool used to convert RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules. It provides a reliable and efficient method for performing reverse transcription, a fundamental step in various molecular biology applications.

More about "Placenta"

The placenta is a vital and complex organ that develops during pregnancy.
It is composed of extraembryonic tissues and plays a crucial role in supporting the healthy development of the fetus.
Placenta research is critical for understanding pregnancy-related conditions and improving maternal and child health outcomes.
Researchers can optimize their placenta studies by utilizing PubCompare.ai, a powerful tool that helps locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This AI-driven platform enables scientists to identify the best methods and products, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their experiments.
When conducting placenta research, scientists often utilize various reagents and kits, such as TRIzol reagent for RNA extraction, FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) for cell culture, the RNeasy Mini Kit for purifying RNA, and Penicillin/Streptomycin for preventing bacterial contamination.
Additionally, other common reagents like TRIzol, RNAlater, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), Streptomycin, and Penicillin are frequently employed in placenta-related studies.
By incorporating the insights from PubCompare.ai and leveraging these essential tools and reagents, researchers can enhance the quality, reproducibility, and impact of their placenta research, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of pregnancy-related conditions and improved maternal and child health outcomes.