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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue: A diverse group of supporting and binding tissues found throughout the body.
Composed of cells and a variety of fibers embedded in a matrix, connective tissues provide structure, support, and communication between different body parts.
Key components include collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans, which contribute to the tissue's strength, flexibility, and lubrication.
Connective tissues encompass a wide range of subtypes, such as bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and fascia, each with unique properties and functions.
Understanding the biology and diversity of connective tissues is crucial for research and treatment of musculoskeletal, wound healing, and other connective tissue-related disorders.
The PubCompare.ai platform can help streamline your connective tissuse research by identifying the most reproducible and accurate protocols from the literature.

Most cited protocols related to «Connective Tissue»

See Supplementary
Protocol 2
for a detailed protocol. This protocol is highly similar
to the INTACT method19 (link) and
either protocol can be used for the isolation of nuclei with equivalent results.
All of the steps were carried out at 4 °C. A frozen tissue fragment ~20
mg was placed into a pre-chilled 2-ml Dounce homogenizer containing 2 ml of cold
1× homogenization buffer (320 mM sucrose, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1%
NP40, 5 mM CaCl2, 3 mM Mg(Ac)2, 10 mM Tris pH 7.8,
1× protease inhibitors (Roche, cOmplete), and 167 μM
β-mercaptoethanol, in water). Tissue was homogenized with approximately
ten strokes with the loose ‘A’ pestle, followed by 20 strokes
with the tight ‘B’ pestle. Connective tissue and residual debris
were precleared by filtration through an 80-μm nylon mesh filter
followed by centrifugation for 1 min at 100 r.c.f. While avoiding the pelleted
debris, 400 μl was transferred to a pre-chilled 2-ml round bottom
Lo-Bind Eppendorf tube. An equal volume (400 μl) of a 50%
iodixanol solution (50% iodixanol in 1× homogenization buffer)
was added and mixed by pipetting to make a final concentration of 25%
iodixanol. 600 μl of a 29% iodixanol solution (29%
iodixanol in 1× homogenization buffer containing 480 mM sucrose) was
layered underneath the 25% iodixanol mixture. A clearly defined
interface should be visible. In a similar fashion, 600 μl of a
35% iodixanol solution (35% iodixanol in 1×
homogenization containing 480 mM sucrose) was layered underneath the 29%
iodixanol solution. Again, a clearly defined interface should be visible between
all three layers. In a swinging-bucket centrifuge, nuclei were centrifuged for
20 min at 3,000 r.c.f. After centrifugation, the nuclei were present at the
interface of the 29% and 35% iodixanol solutions. This band with
the nuclei was collected in a 300 μl volume and transferred to a
pre-chilled tube. Nuclei were counted after addition of trypan blue, which
stains all nuclei due to membrane permeabilization from freezing. 50,000 counted
nuclei were then transferred to a tube containing 1 ml of ATAC-seq RSB with
0.1% Tween-20. Nuclei were pelleted by centrifugation at 500 r.c.f. for
10 min in a pre-chilled (4 °C) fixed-angle centrifuge. Supernatant was
removed using the two pipetting steps described above. Because the nuclei were
already permeabilized, no lysis step was performed, and the transposition mix
(25 μl 2× TD buffer, 2.5 μl transposase (100 nM final),
16.5 μl PBS, 0.5 μl 1% digitonin, 0.5 μl
10% Tween-20, 5 μl water) was added directly to the nuclear
pellet and mixed by pipetting up and down six times. Transposition reactions
were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min in a thermomixer with shaking at
1,000 r.p.m. Reactions were cleaned up with Zymo DNA Clean and Concentrator 5
columns. The remainder of the ATAC-seq library preparation was performed as
described previously18 .
Publication 2017
2-Mercaptoethanol ATAC-Seq Buffers Cell Nucleus Centrifugation Cerebrovascular Accident Connective Tissue Digitonin DNA Library Edetic Acid Filtration iodixanol isolation Nylons Protease Inhibitors Sucrose Tissue, Membrane Tissues Transposase Tromethamine Trypan Blue Tween 20
The most broadly useful contrast stains tested so far are inorganic iodine and phosphotungstic acid (PTA)[22 (link)]. The formulations and general procedures used are given in Table 2, and notes on the fixatives used are in Table 3[23 -25 (link)]. The stains and procedures are simple and the procedures are robust. The staining times were found not to be critical, as long as the stain had sufficient time to penetrate the tissues. Inorganic iodine in alcoholic or aqueous solution diffuses rapidly into fixed tissues and was able to stain most specimens in a few hours or less, although staining was generally done overnight. PTA is a much larger molecule [26 (link)], and the solution used here was found to require overnight incubation to penetrate specimens 2–3 mm thick, and longer for larger specimens. PTA is known to bind heavily to various proteins and connective tissue [27 ,28 ], and this property, along with electron-shell energies that match common x-ray source emissions, suggested that it might be a useful stain for x-ray imaging. A few samples were tested with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) staining, used similarly to PTA. The results (not shown) were generally similar, and PMA was not pursued further here (but see refs. [29 (link)] and [30 ] for successful application of PMA).
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Publication 2009
Alcoholics Connective Tissue Electrons Fixatives Iodine phosphomolybdic acid Phosphotungstic Acid Proteins Radiography Stains Tissues
Gingival tissues from healthy volunteers were obtained at the NIDCR clinic (Clinical Protocol # 06-D-0144). After surgery, fresh tissues derived from the retro molar area of the oral cavity were incubated overnight in trypsin 0.25% (Sigma Aldrich, CA) at 4°C. Next day, the epithelial compartment was mechanically dissociated from the connective tissue and minced to fine fragments. Keratinocytes were then filtered through a 100 µm cell strainer (BD falcon), pellet at 125 g for 5 min at 4°C, resuspended in keratinocyte serum-free culture medium (Invitrogen, CA), and plated on 60 mm dishes kept in a controlled humidity, temperature, and CO2 environment [25] . Using this procedure, we observed that most human oral epithelial cells can be expanded for a finite number of passages, achieving a replicative senescent state after approximately 55 days, but few cultures escaped cell senescence, and instead became immortal (G.L. Sanchez, K.L, R.C., J.S.G et al., manuscript in preparation). To date, these cells, termed spontaneously immortalized normal oral keratinocytes, NOK-SI, have been cultured for more than 2 years, retaining epithelial morphology, proliferative capacity, and the expression of typical markers such as cytokeratins and E-cadherin. NOK-SI cell line is routinely cultured in Keratinocyte-SFM medium (Gibco, USA) supplemented with BPE and EGF, penicillin, streptomycin, and maintained at 37°C in a 5% CO2-humidified incubator.
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Publication 2010
Cell Aging Cell Lines Cells Cellular Senescence Clinical Protocols Connective Tissue Culture Media Cytokeratin E-Cadherin Epithelial Cells Gingiva Healthy Volunteers Homo sapiens Humidity Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Keratinocyte Molar Operative Surgical Procedures Oral Cavity Penicillins Serum Streptomycin Tissues Trypsin
In each case, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections of the chorioamniotic membranes roll (n=1), umbilical cord (n=1), and placental disc (n=3) were examined. Pathologists were masked to the clinical diagnosis except for the gestational age at delivery. The diagnosis of CCA was made when lymphocytic infiltration into the chorionic trophoblast layer or chorioamniotic connective tissue was observed. The severity of CCA was scored based upon on two parameters. The extent of inflammation was graded 0 when there was no inflammation, 1 when there were more than two foci of or patchy inflammation, and 2 when diffuse inflammation was present. The stage of inflammation was scored as stage 1 if amniotropic lymphocytic infiltration was limited to the chorionic trophoblast layer sparing the chorioamniotic connective tissue, and stage 2 if lymphocytic infiltration into the chorioamniotic connective tissue was noted. Histopathological screening for other lesions of the placenta was performed according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Perinatal Section of the Society for Pediatric Pathology. Such classification encompasses lesions consistent with amniotic fluid infection, maternal vascular underperfusion, and fetal vascular obstruction.10 (link),25 (link),26 (link) The diagnosis of chronic deciduitis with plasma cells was given when lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate was present in the decidua of the basal plate.27 (link)
Publication 2010
Amniotic Fluid Blood Vessel Chorion Connective Tissue Decidua Diagnosis Eosin Fetal Blood Gestational Age Infection Inflammation Lymphocyte Lymphoid Tissue Mothers Obstetric Delivery Pathologists Placenta Plasma Cells Tissue, Membrane Trophoblast Umbilical Cord
The first step employed in the data analysis calculating the informant consensus factor (ICF) [12 ]. ICF values will be low (near 0) if plants are chosen randomly, or if informants do not exchange information about their use. Values will be high (near 1) if there is a well-defined selection criterion in the community and/or if information is exchanged between informants.
The ICF is calculated as follows: number of use citations in each category (nur) minus the number of species used (nt), divided by the number of use citations in each category minus one:
All citations were placed into one of 14 categories: undefined pains or illnesses; skin and subcutaneous tissues; diseases of the endocrine glands, metabolism, and nutrition; blood and hematopoietic organs; skeletal, muscle, and connective tissues; infectious and parasite-related diseases; neoplasies; problems of the circulatory system; problems of the digestive system; problems of the genitourinary system; problems of the nervous system; problems of the respiratory system; problems of the sensorial system – ear; and problems of the sensorial system – eye.
The use value (adapted from the proposal of Phillips et al. [13 (link)]), a quantitative method that demonstrates the relative importance of species known locally, was also calculated:
UV = ΣU/n
where: UV = use value of a species; U = number of citations per species; n = number of informants
All of the material collected was processed, identified with the aid of specialists, and subsequently deposited in the PEUFR herbarium of the Biology Department of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. All material was collected with the help of local informants.
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Publication 2005
Blood Cardiovascular System Connective Tissue Digestive System Endocrine System Diseases Hematopoietic System Infection Metabolism Pain Parasitic Diseases Plants Respiratory System Skeletal Muscles Skin Specialists Subcutaneous Tissue System, Genitourinary Systems, Nervous

Most recents protocols related to «Connective Tissue»

Not available on PMC !

Example 4

In operation, the medical device (1) may be tethered to the surrounding tissue, such as connective tissue or muscle to prevent an undesired shifting of the medical device (1). A suture (56) may be attached to the balloon (5) and the membrane-covered port (55) or to a projecting tab (57) and tied to the surrounding tissue.

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Patent 2024
Connective Tissue Medical Devices Muscle Tissue Sutures Tissue, Membrane Tissue Expansion Devices Tissues
Fresh pork ham and back fat were purchased from a local market. After trimming
intermuscular fat and visible connective tissues, the lean pork meat and back
fat were stored at −18°C until processing within one month. Frozen
materials (total batch size of 35 kg per trial) were completely thawed and then
ground using a chopper (TC-22 Elegnant plus, Tre Spade, Torino, Italy) equipped
with a 3-mm plate. Ground mixtures were randomly divided into ten portions and
assigned to two groups (five batches each) depending on the nitrite source
(Table 1). First, 70% pork meat and
15% back fat were mixed for 3 min with 0.01% sodium nitrite or 0.4% radish
powder and 0.04% starter culture in a mixer (5K5SS, Whirlpool, St. Joseph, MI,
USA). Second, each group was processed depending on phosphate replacement,
including with or without 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or 0.5% phosphate
replacement (OSC, CF, and DPP). Other ingredients (1.5% sodium chloride, 1%
dextrose, and 0.05% sodium ascorbate; total meat mixture basis) along with 15%
ice/water were added to a mixer and mixed again for 7 min. The treatments were
filled into 50 mL conical tubes. Five batches of sodium nitrite were placed in a
refrigerator at 4°C for 1 h. The remaining five batches of radish powder
and starter culture were stored in an incubator at 40°C for 2 h to allow
the conversion of nitrate to nitrite. All samples were cooked to 75°C in
a water bath (MaXturdy 45, Daihan Scientific, Wonju, Korea) at 90°C. Once
cooking, the samples were cooled for 20 min in ice slurry and stored overnight
at 2°C–3°C in the dark until analysis. Experiments were
performed in triplicate, and all dependent variables were measured in
duplicate.
Publication 2023
Batch Cell Culture Techniques Bath Connective Tissue Glucose Meat Nitrates Nitrites Phosphates Pork Pork Meat Raphanus Sodium Ascorbate Sodium Chloride Sodium Nitrite triphosphoric acid, sodium salt
Five commercially processed broiler carcasses were purchased from a local market
(Daejeon, Korea). The breast fillets and thighs (mainly composed of
iliofibularis and iliotibialis) were
removed from the carcasses along with excessive fat and connective tissues,
followed by grinding (CH580, Kenwood, Havant, UK) for the experimental analysis.
Each ground muscle was vacuum-packed and stored at −70°C after
sampling until analysis.
Publication 2023
Breast Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Thigh Vacuum
Passive and active range of motion (ROM) of the ankle were measured using a goniometer to evaluate limitation in joint movement related to changes in muscle and connective tissue, and to minimize the risk of discomfort or injury during NeuroFlexor assessment. The Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) (10 (link)), a 6-point ordinal scale (from 0 = no spasticity, to 4 = fixed muscle contracture), was used to rate the resistance encountered clinically during passive muscle stretching. Despite the limitations mentioned, MAS is widely applied, both in clinical practice and in research, for spasticity evaluation, and it was therefore used for comparison. Finally, the presence of clonus elicited during MAS assessment was recorded as: no clonus, mild-moderate = 1 – 10 beats, and sustained > 10 beats.
Publication 2023
Connective Tissue Contracture Injuries Joints Joints, Ankle Movement Muscle Spasticity Muscle Tissue
Extraction of MP was carried out as described by Park et al. (14 (link)) with minor modifications. The longest muscle of pig back was thawed for 4 h at 4°C in advance, cleaned, and tidied, and the meat was cut into small pieces and weighed in a pre-cooled beaker. Buffer solution (containing 10 mmol/L Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, 2 mmol/L MgCl2, 1 mmol/L EGTA, 0.1 mmol/L NaCl, 7.0) was added in a volume ratio of 1: 4, and the mixture was stirred evenly with a glass rod (for about 1 min) and homogenized at high speed for 2 min. The connective tissue was filtered out with two layers of sterile gauze. The samples were centrifuged at 5,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C, and the precipitate was collected. Repeat the above procedure three times to obtain the precipitate as crude MP. The crude MP and 0.1 mmol/L NaCl solution were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:4, and centrifuged (H2050R, Xiangyi, Changsha, Hunan, China) (consistent with the centrifugal conditions during extraction) for three times. The obtained precipitate was purified MP, which was stored under seal at 4°C and used up within 48 h. The whole preparation process is carried out at 4°C. Bovine serum albumin was used as the standard, and the extracted MP concentration was determined by biuret method.
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Publication 2023
Biuret Buffers Connective Tissue Egtazic Acid Magnesium Chloride Meat Muscle Tissue Phocidae Serum Albumin, Bovine Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive

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DMEM/F12 is a cell culture medium developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a balanced salt solution that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the cultivation of a variety of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. The medium is formulated to support the proliferation and maintenance of cells in vitro.

More about "Connective Tissue"

Connective tissues are a diverse group of supporting and binding tissues found throughout the body.
These tissues are composed of cells and a variety of fibers embedded in a matrix, providing structure, support, and communication between different body parts.
Key components of connective tissues include collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans, which contribute to the tissue's strength, flexibility, and lubrication.
Connective tissues encompass a wide range of subtypes, such as bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and fascia, each with unique properties and functions.
Understanding the biology and diversity of connective tissues is crucial for research and treatment of musculoskeletal, wound healing, and other connective tissue-related disorders.
In connective tissue research, the use of cell culture media like Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and antibiotics like Penicillin/Streptomycin, Streptomycin, and Penicillin are common.
Enzymes like Collagenase, Collagenase type I, and DNase I are often used for tissue dissociation and cell isolation.
Trypsin is another important reagent for cell passaging and subculturing.
The PubCompare.ai platform can help streamline your connective tissue research by identifying the most reproducible and accurate protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Leveraging advanced AI comparisons, you can uncover the best products and methods to elevate your connective tissue studies, ensuring seamless and efficient research.