Changes in SpCO were calculated as the difference between a pre-rebreathing average value determined from minute -2 to minute 0 and the following values: peak value observed near minute 3, an average value from minute 4 to 6, an average value from minute 7 to 10 and the absolute value obtained at minute 10. These changes in SpCO were compared to the changes in COHb saturation determined invasively by venous blood samples. Coefficients of variation were calculated to report the reproducibility of blood volume measurements. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of associations between variables. Results are presented in mean ± standard error of the mean.
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Carboxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin is the compound formed when carbon monoxide binds to the hemoglobin molecule in the blood.
This binding impairs the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia.
Elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin can result from exposure to carbon monoxide, such as from smoking or environmental polluttion.
Measuring carboxyhemoglobin levels can be used to diagnose and monitor carbon monoxide poisoninig.
Understanding the dynamics of carboxyhemoglobin formation and clearance is crucial for optimizing research protocols in this area.
This binding impairs the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia.
Elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin can result from exposure to carbon monoxide, such as from smoking or environmental polluttion.
Measuring carboxyhemoglobin levels can be used to diagnose and monitor carbon monoxide poisoninig.
Understanding the dynamics of carboxyhemoglobin formation and clearance is crucial for optimizing research protocols in this area.
Most cited protocols related to «Carboxyhemoglobin»
Blood Volume
Carboxyhemoglobin
Veins
NIOSH investigators conduct multifactorial fatality investigations, and completed reports are available on the NIOSH website [32 ]. We reviewed all fatality reports posted from 1996 through December 2002. The NIOSH series does not include firefighter fatalities from September 11, 2001. Because the overwhelming majority of the reports regarded men, women make up less than 1% of firefighters nationally [42 ], and there are distinct differences in cardiovascular risk between men and women, we excluded fatalities in women from the data analyses.
We extracted age, sex, professional status, and the state where the firefighter served from all fatality reports. We also recorded: the time (of the accident for trauma deaths or the onset of symptoms for CHD deaths); the last job activity of the decedent; whether the decedent engaged in strenuous professional duties within 12 hours of the accident or the onset of symptoms; whether smoke exposure was likely at the incident; the cause of death and autopsy findings if reported. For CHD deaths, most NIOSH reports provided additional information: including the presence of CHD risk factors; the type of shift the firefighter was working; the number of hours on duty for professional firefighters prior to the onset of symptoms; and the carboxyhemoglobin saturation. Two physicians (SNK, ESS) independently reviewed all CHD risk factor information and resolved any discrepancies between their determinations by further consensus review.
We extracted age, sex, professional status, and the state where the firefighter served from all fatality reports. We also recorded: the time (of the accident for trauma deaths or the onset of symptoms for CHD deaths); the last job activity of the decedent; whether the decedent engaged in strenuous professional duties within 12 hours of the accident or the onset of symptoms; whether smoke exposure was likely at the incident; the cause of death and autopsy findings if reported. For CHD deaths, most NIOSH reports provided additional information: including the presence of CHD risk factors; the type of shift the firefighter was working; the number of hours on duty for professional firefighters prior to the onset of symptoms; and the carboxyhemoglobin saturation. Two physicians (SNK, ESS) independently reviewed all CHD risk factor information and resolved any discrepancies between their determinations by further consensus review.
Accidental Injuries
Accidents
Autopsy
Carboxyhemoglobin
Physicians
Smoke
Woman
As described previously [5 ], we studied 6 groups of mice (n = 10 per group): 1) male control, 2) male smoke-exposed, 3) female control, 4) female smoked-exposed, 5) ovariectomized control, and 6) ovariectomized smoke-exposed. The smoke-exposed groups were exposed to three cigarettes (one 1R1 and two 2R4F with the filters removed, or two 1R1 and one 2R4F with the filters removed on every other smoking day) for 5 days per week for 6 months. The filters were removed from the cigarettes in order to increase the effective dose of smoke delivered to the mice and to accelerate development of emphysema in our C57BL/6 mice. All smoke exposures were conducted using our standard nose-only smoke exposure system. Our system described herein has been previously shown to produce a carboxyhemoglobin level of ~5% in mice [6 (link)], a value that is similar to that of human smokers who smoke 10 cigarettes per day [7 (link)].
Carboxyhemoglobin
Females
Homo sapiens
Males
Mice, House
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Nose
Pulmonary Emphysema
Smoke
A subgroup of the lambs was surgically prepared between 3 and 8 days of age for in vivo experimentation (LLL, n = 8; LHL, n = 4). In brief, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg im) and diazepam (0.1–0.5 mg/kg im) with additional local infiltration of 2% lidocaine. Polyvinyl catheters were placed in the descending aorta and inferior vena cava, and a Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in the pulmonary artery, as previously described in detail (23 (link)). Following 3–4 days of postsurgical recovery, the animals were subjected to a 3-h experimental protocol, consisting of 1 h of normoxia, 1 h of hypoxia, and 1 h of recovery. Acute isocapnic hypoxia was induced via a transparent, loosely tied polyethylene bag placed over the animal's head into which a known mixture of air, N2, and CO2 (∼10% O2 and 2–3% CO2 in N2) was passed at a rate of 20 l/min. Acute hypoxia was induced on separate days during vehicle infusion (0.9% NaCl) and during NO blockade [NG-nitro-l -arginine methyl ester (l -NAME), 20 mg/kg bolus plus 0.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1 in 0.9% NaCl infusion] in random order. Infusions started 15 min before hypoxia and ran continuously until the end of the hypoxemic challenge. Arterial blood samples were taken during each experimental protocol to determine arterial pH, Po 2, Pco 2, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and percentage saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) [IL-Synthesis 25 (Instrumentation Laboratories, Lexington, MA); measurements corrected to 39°C]. Pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and heart rate were recorded continually via a data acquisition system (Powerlab/8SP System and Chart v4.1.2 Software; ADInstruments, New South Wales, Australia) connected to a computer. Cardiac output was determined at set intervals by the thermodilution method by the injection of 3 ml of chilled (0°C) 0.9% NaCl in the pulmonary artery through the Swan-Ganz catheter connected to a cardiac output computer (COM-2 model; Baxter, Irvine, CA). Pulmonary vascular resistance was calculated as described previously (23 (link)). The production of CO by the pulmonary circulation was calculated as follows: cardiac output multiplied by the difference in the concentration of CO between the aorta and the pulmonary artery (percent of carboxyhemoglobin; IL-Synthesis 25) (25 (link)).
Anabolism
Animals
Aorta
Arteries
Carboxyhemoglobin
Cardiac Output
Catheters
Descending Aorta
Diazepam
Head
Hypoxia
IL25 protein, human
Ketamine
Lidocaine
Lung
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Normal Saline
Operative Surgical Procedures
Oximetry
Polyethylene
Polyvinyls
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Circulation
Rate, Heart
Sheep
Thermodilution
Vena Cavas, Inferior
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
Asepsis
Atmosphere
Bath
Carboxyhemoglobin
Cold Temperature
Fibrosis
Filtration
Halogens
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin A2
Ice
Light, Visible
Lipids
Liposomes
Micelles
Molar
Oxygen
Oxyhemoglobin
Pressure
Rehydration
Solvents
Technique, Dilution
Vitamin E
Most recents protocols related to «Carboxyhemoglobin»
Overall, there are 29 patients with acute CO poisoning included and categorized into the CO group. These patients were treated for acute CO poisoning in our hospital at different time points from December 2020 to March 2021. There were 12 men and 17 women, aged between 6 and 48 years (average, 19.4 ± 12.5 years). The inclusion criteria (38 (link)) included (1) a history of exposure to high concentrations of CO; (2) symptoms and signs of acute central nervous system injuries; (3) timely blood COHb content conforming to the national diagnostic criteria. For MRI, the time interval to be exposed to high concentrations of CO was required to be smaller than 3 days. Hyperbaric oxygen and correction for electrolyte disturbance treatment were performed upon admission. Adult patients with CO poisoning were treated with hormone therapy for 3 days after admission to prevent immune inflammatory responses. The patients received 1 h hyperbaric oxygen therapy (0.2 MPa) 1–2 h after admission and then received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (0.2 MPa) once a day, 1 H each time. The duration was generally 7 days. After treatment, the patient still showed clinical symptoms and cognitive decline. Although the clinical symptoms recovered, the patient did not meet the criteria for recovery. In the meantime, each patient was subjected to a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the period in coma and COHb concentration were recorded (Supplementary Table 1 ). At 1 month follow-up, onsite and telephone interviews were conducted and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score was obtained (Supplementary Table 1 ). Healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and educational level were recruited from our hospital as the control group (control group, n = 21), including 9 men and 12 women aged between 8 and 30 years (average, 20.7 ± 7.4 years). In this population, there was no history of cerebral injury, psychiatric disorder, alcohol abuse/substance dependence, or diseases of the nervous system (including stroke, seizure, and somatic disease). Table 1 shows the detailed demographic and clinical information. All patients gave written informed consent. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College.
Adult
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic
Anxiety
BLOOD
Brain Injuries
Carboxyhemoglobin
Cerebrovascular Accident
Comatose
Diagnosis
Diploid Cell
Drug Abuse
Electrolytes
Ethics Committees, Clinical
Gender
Healthy Volunteers
Hormones
Inflammation
Mental Deterioration
Mental Disorders
Mini Mental State Examination
Nervous System Disorder
Oxygen
Oxygenations, Hyperbaric
Patients
Response, Immune
Seizures
Trauma, Nervous System
Woman
Data processing and analyses were completed with SPSS 20.0 (SPSS 20.0, IBM, Armonk, NY). Comparative results, MMES score, time in coma, COHb concentration, and postoperative HAMA score were represented by mean (interquartile range). Age (continuous variable) was displayed in mean ± standard deviation. The categorical variables are shown in integers. The normal distribution of continuous parameters was determined by the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by the Kruskal–Wallis H-test for data comparison.
The average GluCEST% in the bilateral ROI in the two groups was measured by GluCEST, and the data that did not conform to normal distribution were tested by the Mann–Whitney U-test. A comparison of the age and educational levels were completed by the two-sample t-test and that for gender using the chi-square test. A Spearman correlational analysis was performed to calculate the association of GluCEST% with the time in coma, MMSE score, COHb concentration, and postoperative HAMA score. A p < 0.05 demonstrates a statistically significant difference.
The average GluCEST% in the bilateral ROI in the two groups was measured by GluCEST, and the data that did not conform to normal distribution were tested by the Mann–Whitney U-test. A comparison of the age and educational levels were completed by the two-sample t-test and that for gender using the chi-square test. A Spearman correlational analysis was performed to calculate the association of GluCEST% with the time in coma, MMSE score, COHb concentration, and postoperative HAMA score. A p < 0.05 demonstrates a statistically significant difference.
Apraxia, oculomotor, Cogan type
Carboxyhemoglobin
Gender
Mini Mental State Examination
The carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) titer in rats was measured at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h and 2 h after poisoning. The modified dual-wavelength quantitation method7 was used to measure the concentration of HbCO in the rat tail-vein blood in each group. Blood was collected from the tail vein. First, 0.1 mL of rat tail-vein blood was added to 20 mL of 0.4 mol/L ammonium hydroxide and mixed evenly, followed by the addition of 20 mg of sodium dithionite, mixed evenly; then, the absorbances (A) at 535 nm and 578 nm within 10 min were measured. The blood HbCO level was calculated using the following formula:
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$${\rm{HbCO\ }}\left({\rm{\% }} \right){\rm{ = }}\left({{\rm{2}}{\rm{.44 \times }}{{{A}}_{{{535}}}}{\rm{/}}{{{A}}_{{{578}}}}{\rm{-2}}{\rm{.68}}} \right){\rm{ \times\ 100\% }}$$
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$${\rm{HbCO\ }}\left({\rm{\% }} \right){\rm{ = }}\left({{\rm{2}}{\rm{.44 \times }}{{{A}}_{{{535}}}}{\rm{/}}{{{A}}_{{{578}}}}{\rm{-2}}{\rm{.68}}} \right){\rm{ \times\ 100\% }}$$
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Ammonium Hydroxide
BLOOD
Carboxyhemoglobin
Sodium Dithionite
Tail
Veins
Demographic information on anthropometric characteristics, level of education, family conditions, smoking history and comorbidities were collected. Comorbidities were assessed using the Charlson and COPD-specific co-morbidity test (COTE) indices.17 18 (link) Health status was assessed by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) questionnaire,19 (link) and the respective questions of the European Community for Coal and Steel Questionnaire (ECSC)20 (link) were used to identify respiratory symptoms (chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, chronic expectoration, dyspnoea or wheezing). The degree of dyspnoea was evaluated by the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale.21 (link) Physical activity was measured by the Yale Physical Activity Survey questionnaire validated for the Spanish population and the elderly population, providing a summary of the physical activity level, as well as the time and energy cost of weekly physical activity.22 (link)
Prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator spirometry was performed using a pneumotachograph (Vyntus Spiro, Carefusion, Germany), according to American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) standardisation23 (link) and using the Global Lung Initiative equations as reference values.24 (link) DLCO was measured by the single-breath method with the same equipment in all study centres (MasterScreen diffusion, Carefusion, Germany) in accordance with ATS/ERS recommendations.5 (link) The DLCO was corrected to body temperature, pressure, water vapour saturated conditions and a minimum of two acceptable manoeuvres that matched within 10% or less of the alveolar volume (VA) and DLCO was required. We excluded tests with a breath-holding time <9 or >11 s, an inspiratory capacity less than 85% of the largest previously measured vital capacity, expiration in >4 s, or with evidence of leaks or Valsalva or Müller manoeuvres. Adjustments were made for atmospheric pressure, haemoglobin levels and CO back pressure using non-invasive estimation of carboxyhaemoglobin by a CO-oximeter according to equations recommended in current standardisation.25 (link) Cotes equations were used as reference values,26 (link) and values below the lower limit of normal were considered reduced.
The 6 min walk test was performed in accordance with ATS guidelines,27 (link) and the Body Obstructive Dyspnoea Exercise (BODE) index28 (link) was calculated accordingly. From each participant, 20 mL of venous blood were collected for routine blood analysis, C reactive protein, fibrinogen and albumin.
CT images were acquired during maximal inspiration, without contrast and with low-dose radiation (120 kVp as acquisition voltage). The images obtained underwent semiautomatic postprocessing for determination of the percentage of emphysema, areas of low attenuation and bronchiolar airway wall thickness, as previously described.16 29 (link) The pulmonary artery (PA) diameter was measured at the level of the PA bifurcation, and the average of two perpendicular measurements of the ascending aorta diameter were taken on the same CT image using mediastinal windows.30 (link) PA enlargement was defined as a PA diameter ≥29 mm in men and ≥27 mm in women.31 (link)
Prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator spirometry was performed using a pneumotachograph (Vyntus Spiro, Carefusion, Germany), according to American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) standardisation23 (link) and using the Global Lung Initiative equations as reference values.24 (link) DLCO was measured by the single-breath method with the same equipment in all study centres (MasterScreen diffusion, Carefusion, Germany) in accordance with ATS/ERS recommendations.5 (link) The DLCO was corrected to body temperature, pressure, water vapour saturated conditions and a minimum of two acceptable manoeuvres that matched within 10% or less of the alveolar volume (VA) and DLCO was required. We excluded tests with a breath-holding time <9 or >11 s, an inspiratory capacity less than 85% of the largest previously measured vital capacity, expiration in >4 s, or with evidence of leaks or Valsalva or Müller manoeuvres. Adjustments were made for atmospheric pressure, haemoglobin levels and CO back pressure using non-invasive estimation of carboxyhaemoglobin by a CO-oximeter according to equations recommended in current standardisation.25 (link) Cotes equations were used as reference values,26 (link) and values below the lower limit of normal were considered reduced.
The 6 min walk test was performed in accordance with ATS guidelines,27 (link) and the Body Obstructive Dyspnoea Exercise (BODE) index28 (link) was calculated accordingly. From each participant, 20 mL of venous blood were collected for routine blood analysis, C reactive protein, fibrinogen and albumin.
CT images were acquired during maximal inspiration, without contrast and with low-dose radiation (120 kVp as acquisition voltage). The images obtained underwent semiautomatic postprocessing for determination of the percentage of emphysema, areas of low attenuation and bronchiolar airway wall thickness, as previously described.16 29 (link) The pulmonary artery (PA) diameter was measured at the level of the PA bifurcation, and the average of two perpendicular measurements of the ascending aorta diameter were taken on the same CT image using mediastinal windows.30 (link) PA enlargement was defined as a PA diameter ≥29 mm in men and ≥27 mm in women.31 (link)
6-Minute Walk Test
Aged
Albumins
Ascending Aorta
Atmospheric Pressure
Body Temperature
Breath Tests
Bronchioles
Bronchitis, Chronic
Carboxyhemoglobin
Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease
Coal
Cough
C Reactive Protein
Diffusion
Dyspnea
Emphysema
Europeans
Fibrinogen
Hematologic Tests
Hemoglobin
Hispanic or Latino
Human Body
Hypertrophy
Inhalation
Lung
Mediastinum
Pressure
Pulmonary Artery
Radiation
Respiratory Rate
Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory
Spirometry
Steel
Veins
Vital Capacity
Water Vapor
Woman
The blood samples were collected in the morning, directly into 1 mL gasometric syringes (calcium-balanced lithium heparin, The Blood Gas Monovette® 1 ml Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) by manual aspiration. We decided to use this device to avoid hemolysis influencing the obtained results25 (link). The air was removed by attaching a ventilation device and expelling the air from the syringe. The blood was stored at 4 °C within 0.5 h of collection. The oximetric parameters were assessed in whole blood using a RAPIDPoint 500 analyzer (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany).
The following parameters were obtained: tHb—total hemoglobin concentration, Ht—hematocrit, pCO2—partial pressure of carbon dioxide, pO2—partial pressure of oxygen, HCO3 − act—actual bicarbonate concentration, HCO3 − std—standard bicarbonate concentration, BE(B)—base excess, BE ecf—base excess of extracellular fluid, ctCO2—total carbon dioxide serum concentration, sO2—saturation, FO2Hb—oxyhemoglobin, FCOHb—carboxyhemoglobin, FMetHb—methemoglobin, FHHb—deoxyhemoglobin, BO2—blood oxygen, p50—hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, and ctO2—total oxygen concentration. The HCO3 − act, HCO3 − std, BE, BE ecf, p50, and sO2 were calculated automatically by the blood gas analyzer. In addition, the examination included an analysis of serum electrolytes such as sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], total calcium [total Ca++], adjusted ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) [Ca++ 7.4], chloride [Cl−], and the anion gap [AnGap] and glucose (Glu) concentration.
Measurements were carried out as recommended by the National Committee of Blood Laboratory Standards (Considerations in the Simultaneous Measurement of Blood Gases, Electrolytes and Related Analytes in Whole Blood; Proposed Guideline26 ). For each test, the analyzer’s operating temperature was set according to the bovine rectal temperature recorded during sampling.
The following parameters were obtained: tHb—total hemoglobin concentration, Ht—hematocrit, pCO2—partial pressure of carbon dioxide, pO2—partial pressure of oxygen, HCO3 − act—actual bicarbonate concentration, HCO3 − std—standard bicarbonate concentration, BE(B)—base excess, BE ecf—base excess of extracellular fluid, ctCO2—total carbon dioxide serum concentration, sO2—saturation, FO2Hb—oxyhemoglobin, FCOHb—carboxyhemoglobin, FMetHb—methemoglobin, FHHb—deoxyhemoglobin, BO2—blood oxygen, p50—hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, and ctO2—total oxygen concentration. The HCO3 − act, HCO3 − std, BE, BE ecf, p50, and sO2 were calculated automatically by the blood gas analyzer. In addition, the examination included an analysis of serum electrolytes such as sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], total calcium [total Ca++], adjusted ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) [Ca++ 7.4], chloride [Cl−], and the anion gap [AnGap] and glucose (Glu) concentration.
Measurements were carried out as recommended by the National Committee of Blood Laboratory Standards (Considerations in the Simultaneous Measurement of Blood Gases, Electrolytes and Related Analytes in Whole Blood; Proposed Guideline26 ). For each test, the analyzer’s operating temperature was set according to the bovine rectal temperature recorded during sampling.
Anion Gap
Bicarbonates
BLOOD
Blood Gas Analysis
Calcium, Dietary
Carbon dioxide
Carboxyhemoglobin
Cattle
Chlorides
deoxyhemoglobin
Edema
Electrolytes
Glucose
Hemoglobin
Hemolysis
heparin-calcium
Ion, Bicarbonate
Lithium
Medical Devices
Methemoglobin
Oximetry
Oxygen
Oxyhemoglobin
Partial Pressure
Potassium
Rectum
Serum
Sodium
Syringes
Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte
Top products related to «Carboxyhemoglobin»
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Jenway 6305 is a UV/Visible spectrophotometer designed for routine laboratory analysis. It features a wavelength range of 190 to 1100 nm and can measure absorbance, transmittance, and concentration. The instrument has a large, easy-to-read LCD display and simple, intuitive controls.
Sourced in Germany, France
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Sourced in Sweden
The NIOX MINO is a compact, portable device designed for the measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled breath. It provides a simple and accurate method for assessing airway inflammation, which can be a useful indicator of respiratory conditions such as asthma.
Sourced in United States, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain
The GEM Premier 4000 is a comprehensive blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer. It is designed to provide rapid, accurate, and reliable results for critical care applications.
Sourced in United States
The RapidLab 1245 is a compact, fully automated blood gas and electrolyte analyzer designed for point-of-care testing. It measures pH, pCO2, pO2, sodium, potassium, chloride, and other parameters in whole blood, plasma, or serum samples.
Sourced in Germany, United States, Switzerland, Japan, United Kingdom, Australia
The RAPIDPoint 500 is a blood gas analyzer designed for clinical laboratory settings. It provides rapid and accurate measurements of key blood parameters, including pH, blood gases, and electrolytes. The RAPIDPoint 500 is intended to assist healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management of patients with respiratory or metabolic disorders.
Sourced in United States, Singapore, Japan
The Multilabel counter is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for sensitive and accurate detection and quantification of various analytes. It utilizes multiple detection modes to provide reliable results across a wide range of applications.
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The Radical-7 is a versatile patient monitoring system designed for use in healthcare settings. It provides continuous, noninvasive measurement of oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and other vital signs. The Radical-7 utilizes Masimo's trusted signal processing technology to deliver accurate and reliable data, enabling healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about patient care.
More about "Carboxyhemoglobin"
Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is a compound formed when carbon monoxide (CO) binds to the hemoglobin molecule in the blood.
This binding impairs the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia.
Elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin can result from exposure to carbon monoxide, such as from smoking or environmental pollution.
Measuring carboxyhemoglobin levels can be used to diagnose and monitor carbon monoxide poisoning.
Understanding the dynamics of carboxyhemoglobin formation and clearance is crucial for optimizing research protocols in this area.
Researchers can leverage tools like the Jenway 6305 spectrophotometer, Finalgon topical analgesic, and NIOX MINO nitric oxide monitor to study carboxyhemoglobin and its effects.
The GEM Premier 4000 blood gas analyzer, RapidLab 1245 blood gas system, and RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyzer are commonly used to measure carboxyhemoglobin levels.
Additionally, the Multilabel counter can be used to quantify carboxyhemoglobin in blood samples.
Statistical software like SAS can be employed to analyze data and optimize research protocols related to carboxyhemoglobin.
The Radical-7 pulse CO-oximeter is another device that can be used to noninvasively measure carboxyhemoglobin levels.
By understanding the dynamics of carboxyhemoglobin and leveraging the right tools and techiniques, researchers can improve their studies and advance the understanding of carbon monoxide exposure and its impact on human health.
This binding impairs the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia.
Elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin can result from exposure to carbon monoxide, such as from smoking or environmental pollution.
Measuring carboxyhemoglobin levels can be used to diagnose and monitor carbon monoxide poisoning.
Understanding the dynamics of carboxyhemoglobin formation and clearance is crucial for optimizing research protocols in this area.
Researchers can leverage tools like the Jenway 6305 spectrophotometer, Finalgon topical analgesic, and NIOX MINO nitric oxide monitor to study carboxyhemoglobin and its effects.
The GEM Premier 4000 blood gas analyzer, RapidLab 1245 blood gas system, and RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyzer are commonly used to measure carboxyhemoglobin levels.
Additionally, the Multilabel counter can be used to quantify carboxyhemoglobin in blood samples.
Statistical software like SAS can be employed to analyze data and optimize research protocols related to carboxyhemoglobin.
The Radical-7 pulse CO-oximeter is another device that can be used to noninvasively measure carboxyhemoglobin levels.
By understanding the dynamics of carboxyhemoglobin and leveraging the right tools and techiniques, researchers can improve their studies and advance the understanding of carbon monoxide exposure and its impact on human health.