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Caseins

Caseins are a family of phosphoproteins that are the main proteins found in mammalian milk.
They are essential for the transportation and delivery of calcium and other minerals.
Caseins are divided into several subtypes, including alpha-, beta-, and kappa-caseins, each with distinct structural and functional properties.
Casein proteins play a crucial role in the formation and stabilization of milk micelles, which are important for the physical and nutritional properties of milk.
Understanding the complex biology of caseins is vital for dairy product development, infant nutrition, and various biomedical applications.

Most cited protocols related to «Caseins»

1
Protein Mixture Alkylation and Tryptic Digestion
Cited 58 times
A standard mixture was prepared by suspending in
200 mM ABC the proteins α-casein (bovine), β-casein (bovine),
enolase (yeast), apo-transferrin (human), carbonic
anhydrase (bovine), and ribonuclease B (bovine) to concentrations
of 6, 2, 4, 2.3, 2.5, and 2 μg/μL. Eight 400 μg
aliquots of this mixture were alkylated and digested as described
later (Table 1B).
Aliquots suspended
in the pH 8 reducing buffers specified in Table 1B were incubated at 50 °C with shaking for 60 min, after which
they were alkylated with 30 mM iodoacetamide (IAN) or 25 mM 4-VP,
shaking for 30 min at 37 °C.
All alkylated samples were
quenched by the addition of 200 mM DTT
to a final concentration of 22 mM and then diluted 1:1 with either
25 mM ABC or 0.1% DCA in 25 mM ABC (Table 1B). Modified, sequencing-grade trypsin (Promega) was added to each
sample (1:30 w/w). Digestion proceeded for 12 h on a 37 °C shaker.
Aliquots (10 μg) were removed for SDS-PAGE analysis.
Erde J., Loo R.R, & Loo J.A. (2014). Enhanced FASP (eFASP) to Increase Proteome Coverage and Sample Recovery for Quantitative Proteomic Experiments. Journal of Proteome Research, 13(4), 1885-1895.
Publication 2014
ABCA1 protein, human Bos taurus Buffers Caseins Digestion Enolase Homo sapiens Iodoacetamide Promega Proteins ribonuclease B SDS-PAGE Transferrin Trypsin Yeast, Dried
2
Comprehensive Milk Bioactive Peptide Database
Cited 35 times

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Publication 2017
Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antihypertensive Agents Biological Processes Biopharmaceuticals Caseins Debility Domestic Sheep DPP4 protein, human Gene Products, Protein Goat Homo sapiens Immunomodulation Microbicides Milk, Cow's Milk Proteins Opioids Parent Peptides Proteins Psychological Inhibition Staphylococcal Protein A Whey
3
Membrane Protein Extraction and Western Analysis
Cited 17 times

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Publication 2010
Antibodies Buffers Caseins Centrifugation Chemiluminescence Edetic Acid Egtazic Acid Gels Glycerin Horseradish Peroxidase Pellets, Drug Plant Roots Protease Inhibitors Proteins SDS-PAGE Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Tissue, Membrane Tromethamine Urea X-Ray Film
4
Dengue and JEV Antibody Capture ELISA
Cited 16 times
When Innis and coworkers described the IgM capture ELISA for dengue in 1989, they included JEV antigens to differentiate dengue and JEV infections [4 (link)]. This detail is important in settings where both dengue and JEV co-circulate and we have adapted this basic assay to utilize culture supernatants instead of mouse brain derived antigens and monoclonal instead of polyclonal antibodies. We validated the use of culture supernatants as the antigen source previously [5 (link)] and the current assay uses in addition an equal mixture of the monoclonal antibodies MF4/5/A5/C3-3/D4/C6 and MV12/1/C2-2/1, which together can recognize all 4 dengue serotypes as well as JEV. Table 2 shows adjusted OD readings of a mouse immunoglobulin capture ELISA (MIC ELISA) to show the specificities of these 2 monoclonal antibodies. Thus MF4/5/A5/C3-3/D4/C6 is a dengue group reactive antibody and MV12/1/C2-2/1 is JEV specific.
Briefly, 96 well flat bottom plates (Maxisorb, Nunc, Denmark) were coated overnight at 4°C with rabbit anti-human μ chain (Dako A425) at 1:2000 dilution in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6 before blocking with PBS containing 1% casein. Washed plates were loaded with patients serum (in triplicate) at 1:100 dilution in PBS containing 1% casein and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours before washing with PBS containing 0.5% Tween 20 (PBS-Tween). Each specimen was then tested against 3 different antigens: DENV pool (of all 4 serotypes), JEV and the uninfected cell control. These antigens were loaded into the wells for an overnight incubation at 4°C and then washed with PBS-Tween prior to the antigen detection step, which uses a mixture of the monoclonal antibodies MF4/5/A5/C3-3/D4/C6 and MV12/1/C2-2/1 for one hour at room temperature. After washing with PBS-Tween the bound monoclonals were detected using an anti-mouse immunoglobulin conjugated with HRP (Dako P260) at 1:2000 dilution for one hour at room temperature. Colour development was achieved after washing using the substrate, o-phenylenediamine – hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was stopped with sulphuric acid and the optical density (OD) was read at 490 nm wavelength using 650 nm as the reference.
Cardosa M.J., Wang S.M., Sum M.S, & Tio P.H. (2002). Antibodies against prM protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses.. BMC Microbiology, 2, 9.
Publication 2002
1,2-diaminobenzene Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antibody Specificity Antigens Biological Assay Brain Buffers Carbonates Caseins Cells Dengue Fever Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Homo sapiens Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulins Infection Ion, Bicarbonate Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Patients Peroxide, Hydrogen Rabbits Serum Sulfuric Acids Technique, Dilution Tween 20 Tweens Vision
5
Isolation of Actinomycetes from Indonesian Sediments
Cited 14 times
Actinomycetes isolates used in this research were obtained from previous studies [20 , 21 ] that isolated from different regions in Indonesia. That previous studies stated that a soil dilution technique using Starch Casein Agar (SCA) was performed for the isolation of Actinomycetes. Pretreatment by heated at 50 °C for 1 h was done for all the sediment samples. Different dilutions (10− 2, 10− 3, and 10− 4) of the marine, river, and paddy field sediment suspensions were shaken under room temperature at 200 rpm for 1 min, then 100 μL of each suspension were spread onto SCA medium and incubated at 28 °C for 7 days. Isolates from that previous studies were grown onto Yeast Malt Extract Agar (YMEA) (Oxoid) and incubated at 28 °C for approximately 7 days. Indicator bacteria C. violaceum wild type was cultivated onto Luria-Bertani Agar (LA) (Oxoid) and incubated at 28 °C for 2 days. Food spoilage bacteria B. cereus ATCC 10876, B. subtilis ATCC 6633 were streaked onto LA and incubated at 37 °C 24 h, meanwhile S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071 was streaked onto Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) (Oxoid) and incubated at 28 °C 24 h. All the bacteria used in this research came from Atma Jaya’s culture collection.
Mulya E, & Waturangi D.E. (2021). Screening and quantification of anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of Actinomycetes isolates against food spoilage biofilm-forming bacteria. BMC Microbiology, 21, 1.
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Publication 2021
Actinomycetes Agar Bacteria Caseins Food isolation Marines Rivers Soybeans Starch Technique, Dilution Yeast, Dried

Most recents protocols related to «Caseins»

1
Efficacy of Casein for Phe, TCA, and HA Consumption
Not available on PMC !

Example 77

Efficacy of replacing peptones (composed of small peptides) with casein (a whole protein) for expressing Phe, TCA, and HA consumption was evaluated.

At T=0, urine pans were emptied, and NHPs were administered an oral gavage of 28 mL of casein (4.5 g)/biocarbonate/D5-phenylalanine (25 mg; 8 mg/kg). NHPs 1-5 were further administered an oral gavage of 3.5 mL SYN-PKU-2002 (5×1011 CFU), and NHPs 6-10 were administered 3.5 mL formulation buffer via oral gavage. Concurrently, the NHPs were administered a flush with 2 mL of water. Animals were bled at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h by venipuncture. At 6 h post dosing, the urine collection pan was removed and the contents poured into a graduated cylinder for volume measurement of 5 mL. Results are shown in FIGS. 118A-118C.

The results from this study demonstrate that the genetically engineered bacterial strains of the disclosure can consume Phe that is naturally digested and can prevent a spike in blood Phe observed in the control upon D5-Phe consumption.

US11879123B2. Bacteria for the treatment of disorders (2024-01-23). Synlogic Operating Company, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Dean Falb [US], Adam B. Fisher [US], Vincent M. Isabella [US], Jonathan W. Kotula [US], David Lubkowicz [US], Paul F. Miller [US], Yves Millet [US], Sarah Elizabeth Rowe [US].
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Patent 2024
Animals Bacteria BLOOD Buffers Caseins Figs Flushing Homo sapiens Peptides Peptones Primates Proteins Strains Tube Feeding Urine Urine Specimen Collection Venipuncture
2
PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction Blocking Assay
Not available on PMC !

Example 8

This example provides the results from an experiment showing that G12 blocks the interaction between rhPD-1 and rhPD-L1. A 96-well ELISA plate was coated with 1 ng/μL PD1/His at 4° C. overnight, then blocked with casein in PBS. Pre-mixed 20 μl serial 2-fold diluted IgGs (started from 20 μg/ml) and 20 μl 0.25 μl/ml PD-L1/Fc and incubated the mixtures 30 min. washed the plate with PBS-Tween (PBST) 3 times. Transferred 25 μl the mixtures to the ELISA plate and incubated 30 min with shaking. Washed 3 times with PBST. Added HRP conjugated Goat anti-human Fc (1:500 in casein), used TMB as substrate and developed 30 min. 2M H2SO4 was added to stop the reaction. Read the OD at 450 nm.

TABLE 2
G12
Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction (M)IC507.288E−11

US11878058B2. Antigen binding proteins that bind PD-L1 (2024-01-23). Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Heyue Zhou [US], Randy Gastwirt [US], Barbara A. Swanson [US], John Dixon Gray [US], Gunnar F. Kaufmann [US].
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Patent 2024
Antigens Binding Proteins Caseins CD274 protein, human Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Goat Homo sapiens Tweens
3
Llama Humoral Response to CTLA4-Ig
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 44

Sera from blood samples of llamas 119 and 120 were obtained prior to immunization, during the immunization protocol and after completion of the immunizations. Chimerigen CTLA4-Ig or an irrelevant specificity human IgG1 isotope monoclonal antibody were coated onto Nunc Maxisorb plates at 2 μg/ml, blocked with 1% casein in PBS and incubated with serial dilutions of pre- and postimmune llama sera. Plate-immobilized llama IgG was detected using HRP conjugated goat-anti-llama IgG (Bethyl Labs, Montgomery, TX) and TMB chromogen according to standard methods. Comparison of optical density values clearly indicated immunization induced a humoral immune response against CTLA4-Ig in both animals, and that the response was higher against CTLA4-Ig than the control protein having the same human IgG1 Fc.

US11858997B2. Amino acid sequences that modulate the interaction between cells of the immune system (2024-01-02). Ablynx N.V. [BE]. Inventors: Guy Hermans [BE], Peter Verheesen [BE], Edward Dolk [NL], Hendricus Renerus Jacobus Mattheus Hoogenboom [NL], Michael John Scott Saunders [BE], Hans De Haard [NL], Renee de Bruin [NL].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Animals anti-IgG azo rubin S BLOOD Caseins CTLA-4-Ig Goat Homo sapiens IgG1 Immunization Isotopes Llamas Monoclonal Antibodies Proteins Response, Humoral Immune Serum Technique, Dilution Vaccination Vision
4
Probiotic-Milk Protein Composition for FGF21 Secretion
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (NITE BP-02622) is added to 3 mL of an MRS liquid medium and is anaerobically cultured at 37° C. for 16 hours and the culture liquid is concentrated, followed by lyophilization, to obtain a lyophilized powder of the bacterium (bacterial powder). The bacterial powder and a dry powder of a milk protein concentrate (MPC480, manufactured by Fonterra, protein content: 80% by mass, casein: whey protein=about 8:2) are uniformly mixed to obtain a composition. 20 g of the composition is diluted in 200 g of water to obtain a composition for promoting the secretion of FGF21. By administering the composition, modulation of palatability, maintenance of body temperature, and protection of a blood vessel can be expected. Furthermore, the composition can be used for preventing or treating unbalanced diet, sensitivity to cold, hypothermia, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arteriosclerosis, or vascular plaque formation.

US11857579B2. Composition for promoting the secretion of FGF21 (2024-01-02). MORINAGA MILK INDUSTRY CO., LTD. [JP]. Inventors: Tatsuya Ehara [JP], Hirohisa Izumi [JP], Takashi Shimizu [JP].
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Patent 2024
Arteriosclerosis Bacteria Bifidobacterium breve Blood Vessel Body Temperature Cardiac Hypertrophy Caseins Cold Temperature Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diet fibroblast growth factor 21 Freeze Drying Hypersensitivity Milk, Cow's Myocardial Infarction Powder Proteins Reperfusion Injury secretion Senile Plaques Staphylococcal Protein A Whey Proteins
5
Glycan Microarray Binding Assay Protocol

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Publication 2023
Alexa Fluor 647 anti-IgG Antibodies Biological Assay Bos taurus Caseins Cloning Vectors Concanavalin A HEPES Immunoglobulins Lectin Mice, House Microarray Analysis Molecular Probes M protein, multiple myeloma polyhistidine Polysaccharides Proteins Saline Solution Serum Albumin Serum Albumin, Bovine Sodium Chloride Staphylococcal Protein A Streptavidin

Top products related to «Caseins»

1
Casein by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain, Australia, United Kingdom, China
Casein is a type of milk protein that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a complex mixture of related phosphoproteins that are the main proteins in milk. Casein serves as a core function as a source of amino acids and other nutrients for cell growth and maintenance in various cell culture and biochemical applications.
2
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
3
β casein by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Ireland
β-casein is a purified protein derived from bovine milk. It serves as a fundamental component in various laboratory applications, providing a standardized source of this specific milk protein.
4
Casein by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Casein is a protein found in milk that can be used as a laboratory material. It serves as a standard or reference material for various analytical and testing applications in research and quality control settings.
5
Casein blocking buffer by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Casein blocking buffer is a laboratory reagent used to block non-specific binding in immunoassays and other protein-based techniques. It contains casein, a milk-derived protein, which effectively binds to and blocks unoccupied binding sites on solid supports, reducing background signals and improving the specificity of the assay.
6
Blocker casein by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Blocker Casein is a laboratory reagent used to block non-specific binding in immunoassays and other protein-based detection methods. It is a purified casein preparation that effectively minimizes background signal by preventing the binding of antibodies or other detection molecules to unintended targets.
7
Odyssey infrared imaging system by LI COR
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Niger, France, Netherlands, Austria, Australia, Liechtenstein
The Odyssey Infrared Imaging System is a versatile laboratory equipment designed for high-sensitivity detection and quantification of fluorescent and luminescent signals. The system utilizes infrared technology to capture and analyze various molecular targets, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, in a range of sample types.
8
Maxisorp plate by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Denmark, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada
Maxisorp plates are a type of microwell plate designed for immunoassays. They feature a high-binding surface that allows for efficient capture of proteins and other biomolecules. The plates are made of polystyrene and are available in a variety of well configurations to suit different experimental needs.
9
Tween 20 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, China, Spain, Australia, Japan, India, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland, Macao, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Austria, Ireland, Sweden, Argentina, Romania
Tween 20 is a non-ionic detergent commonly used in biochemical applications. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, a surfactant that can be used to solubilize and stabilize proteins and other biomolecules. Tween 20 is widely used in various laboratory techniques, such as Western blotting, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation, to prevent non-specific binding and improve the efficiency of these assays.
10
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Japan, Australia, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Denmark, India, Norway, Austria, Sweden, Macao, Singapore, Israel, Sao Tome and Principe, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Portugal, Panama, Malaysia, Lithuania, Brazil
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a widely used buffer solution in biological research and laboratory procedures. It is a balanced salt solution that maintains a physiological pH and osmolarity, making it suitable for a variety of applications. PBS is primarily used to maintain the viability and integrity of cells, tissues, and other biological samples during various experimental protocols.

More about "Caseins"

Caseins are a family of phosphoproteins that are the primary proteins found in mammalian milk.
These essential proteins play a crucial role in the transportation and delivery of calcium and other minerals.
Caseins are divided into several subtypes, including alpha-caseins, beta-caseins, and kappa-caseins, each with distinct structural and functional properties.
Casein proteins are vital for the formation and stabilization of milk micelles, which are important for the physical and nutritional properties of milk.
Understanding the complex biology of caseins is essential for various applications, such as dairy product development, infant nutrition, and biomedical research.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is another important protein found in milk, often used in conjunction with caseins for blocking and buffer solutions.
Beta-casein (β-casein) is a specific subtype of casein with unique characteristics.
Casein blocking buffers and Blocker Casein solutions are commonly used to reduce non-specific binding in immunoassays and Western blotting techniques.
The Odyssey Infrared Imaging System is a powerful tool for visualizing and quantifying proteins, including caseins, while Maxisorp plates are specialized surfaces for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
Tween 20 is a surfactant commonly used in buffer solutions to prevent non-specific binding.
When conducting research on caseins, it's important to utilize comprehensive literature searches and compare experimental protocols to ensure reproducible and accurate results.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool can streamline this process, helping researchers identify the best protocols and products for their casein-related studies.