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Caspase 9

Caspase 9 is a critical enzyme involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, playing a central role in programmed cell death.
This cysteine protease is activated by the formation of the apoptosome complex, initiating a cascade of caspase activation that leads to cell demolition.
Caspase 9 is a key regulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, making it a vital target for research in various disease states, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions.
Understannding the regulation and function of Caspase 9 is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating this pivotal enzyme.

Most cited protocols related to «Caspase 9»

1
Engineered T-cell Receptor for CD19 Targeting
The cassette encoding the single chain antibody targeting CD19(28 (link)), the CD28 endodomain(10 (link)) and the ζ chain of the T-cell receptor complex(10 (link)) was cloned into the SFG retroviral backbone to generate the CAR.19 retroviral vector (Supplemental Fig. 1A). We then generated a second retroviral vector encoding the same CD19-specific CAR in combination with the human IL15 gene(27 (link)) and the inducible caspase-9 suicide gene that induces apoptosis upon specific binding with the small molecule dimerizer CID AP20187(26 (link)). The three genes were linked together using 2A sequence peptides derived from foot-and-mouth disease virus(27 (link)), and cloned into the SFG retroviral vector to generate the iC9/CAR.19/IL15 retroviral vector (Supplemental Fig. 1A). The vectors encoding FireFly Luciferase (FFLuc) and the fusion protein eGFP-FireFly luciferase (eGFP-FFLuc) used for in vivo imaging have been described previously(4 (link), 10 (link)). Transient retroviral supernatants was produced as previously described(10 (link)).
Hoyos V., Savoldo B., Quintarelli C., Mahendravada A., Zhang M., Vera J., Heslop H.E., Rooney C.M., Brenner M.K, & Dotti G. (2010). Engineering CD19-specific T lymphocytes with interleukin-15 and a suicide gene to enhance their anti-lymphoma/leukemia effects and safety. Leukemia, 24(6), 1160-1170.
Publication 2010
AP20187 Apoptosis Caspase 9 Cloning Vectors Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genes IL15 protein, human Immunoglobulins Luciferases, Firefly Peptides Proteins Retroviridae T-Cell Receptor Transients Vertebral Column
2
Caspase Activity Analysis in U-2 OS Cells
Flow cytometry was used to measure the activities of caspase-3, -8m and -9 in U-2 OS cells after they were exposed to bufalin. Briefly, U-2 OS cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were cultured onto 12-well plates and were incubated with 200 nM of bufalin for 0, 12, 24, and 48 h, and then cells were harvested and re-suspended in 25 μL of 10 μM substrate solution (PhiPhiLux-G1D1 for caspase-3, CaspaLux8-L1D2 for caspase-8 and CaspaLux9-M1D2 for caspase-9) and incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. After incubations, all samples were harvested, washed with PBS, and analyzed by flow cytometry for caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities, as described previously [59 (link)].
Lee C.H., Shih Y.L., Lee M.H., Au M.K., Chen Y.L., Lu H.F, & Chung J.G. (2017). Bufalin Induces Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 22(3), 437.
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Publication 2017
bufalin Caspase-8 Caspase 3 Caspase 9 Cells Flow Cytometry
3
Apoptosis Induction and Gene Expression
Each cell type was divided into three groups, H2O2 treatment, positive control (DTT treatment), and negative control. H2O2 groups were incubated in 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mM H2O2, the positive control groups were incubated in 2 mM DTT, and the negative control groups received no treatment. After the start of exposure, cells were examined every 0.5 h by staining with AO/EB to monitor the initiation of apoptosis. DAPI staining was used to determine the time to substantial apoptosis. Then, apoptosis times and cell survival rates were determined by AO/EB staining and DAPI staining. Finally, total RNA was extracted from cells using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to assess expression levels of apoptosis- and necroptosis-associated genes. Reverse transcription was performed using a PrimeScript II 1st Strand cDNA synthesis kit (TaKaRa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan). Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate changes in caspase-9, P53, NF-κB, and RIP expression levels using the primers and thermocycle conditions shown in Table 1. Group means were compared by ANOVA using SPSS17.0 software. All bar figures were created by Graphpad Prism 5 software.
Xiang J., Wan C., Guo R, & Guo D. (2016). Is Hydrogen Peroxide a Suitable Apoptosis Inducer for All Cell Types?. BioMed Research International, 2016, 7343965.
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Publication 2016
Anabolism Apoptosis Caspase 9 Cells DAPI DNA, Complementary Genes Necroptosis neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Oligonucleotide Primers Peroxide, Hydrogen prisma Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RELA protein, human Reverse Transcription trizol
4
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Analysis of Pyrazole Compounds
Dimethylformamide, K2PtCl4, KI, acetone, N-hydroksymethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole, pyrazole, 5-methylpyrazole, N-ethylpyrazole, diethyl ether, methanol, ethidium bromide, cisplatin, 3–(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Triton X-100, formaldehyde, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock cultures of fibroblast cells, human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), CPSR1, and PBS used in a cell culture were products of Gibco (San Diego, CA, USA). Glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from Quality Biologicals Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit II, JC-1 MitoScreen Kit, APO-Direct Kit, anti-active-caspase-3 mouse monoclonal antibody, anti-active-caspase-8 mouse monoclonal antibody, anti-active-caspase-9 mouse monoclonal antibody, FITC anti-mouse secondary antibody were from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA); FLICA Caspase 3 Kit, FLICA Caspase 8 Kit, FLICA Caspase 9 Kit, Hoechst 33342 (ImmunoChemistry Technologies, Bloomington, MN, USA), RNase A Solution (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). All tested compounds were dissolved in DMSO.
Czarnomysy R., Surażyński A., Muszynska A., Gornowicz A., Bielawska A, & Bielawski K. (2018). A novel series of pyrazole-platinum(II) complexes as potential anti-cancer agents that induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 33(1), 1006-1023.
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Publication 2018
Acetone Annexin A2 Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Apoptosis Biological Factors Bromides Caspase-8 Caspase 3 Caspase 9 Cell Culture Techniques Cisplatin Dimethylformamide Ethidium Bromide Ethyl Ether Fetal Bovine Serum Fibroblasts Fluorescein Formaldehyde Glutamine HOE 33342 Homo sapiens isothiocyanate Malignant Neoplasm of Breast MCF-7 Cells MDA-MB-231 Cells Methanol Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Penicillins Promega pyrazole Ribonucleases Streptomycin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Triton X-100
5
Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis Measurement
Apoptosis was also measured by caspase activation [47 (link)]. The generic caspase activity assay kit (Fluorometric-Green; ab112130) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was used to detect the activity of caspase-1, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, and -9 as described [42 (link)]. Briefly, cells were seeded as 3 × 105 cells per well in 6-well plates with a 2 mL medium for overnight. The cells were then treated with vehicle or TFB. Subsequently, cells were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 for 2 h with 2 μL of 500X TF2-VAD-FMK. After PBS washing, cells were resuspended in 0.5 mL of an assay buffer for immediate flow cytometry measurement (BD Accuri™ C6; Becton-Dickinson).
The apoptosis signaling expressions were further measured via Western blotting. 30 μg protein lysates were resolved in 10% SDS-PAGE. After electrotransferring, the nonspecific bindings of PDVF membranes (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY, USA) were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20 and incubated with primary antibodies (the cleaved caspase-8 (Asp391) (18C8) rabbit mAb and the rabbit mAb in the apoptosis antibody sampler kit (cleaved PARP (Asp214) (D64E10) XP®; cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175) (5A1E); cleaved caspase-9 (Asp330) (D2D4) from Cell Signalling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA, β-actin (#GTX629630, GeneTex Inc.)) under 1:10000 dilution as well as their matched secondary antibody. The WesternBright™ ECL HRP substrate (#K-12045-D50, Advansta, Menlo Park, CA, USA) was chosen for signal amplification.
Chen C.Y., Yen C.Y., Wang H.R., Yang H.P., Tang J.Y., Huang H.W., Hsu S.H, & Chang H.W. (2016). Tenuifolide B from Cinnamomum tenuifolium Stem Selectively Inhibits Proliferation of Oral Cancer Cells via Apoptosis, ROS Generation, Mitochondrial Depolarization, and DNA Damage. Toxins, 8(11), 319.
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Publication 2016
Actins Antibodies Apoptosis Biological Assay Buffers Caspase Caspase-8 Caspase 1 Caspase 3 Caspase 9 Cells Flow Cytometry Fluorometry Generic Drugs Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Proteins Rabbits Saline Solution SDS-PAGE Technique, Dilution Tissue, Membrane Tween 20

Most recents protocols related to «Caspase 9»

1
Retinal Vein Occlusion and Penl-XBIR3 Evaluation
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Example 3

Penl-XBIR3 eyedrops were delivered immediately after RVO and at 24 h. At 48 h, the eyes were imaged via OCT.

FIG. 4 presents images from individual animals (2 control, 2 RVO, 4 RVO+Penl-XBIR3). For each animal there are three sets of OCT and brightfield images. The brightfield image has a horizontal line showing the level of the OCT.

Four hours after RVO, mouse retinas were harvested for western blot to detect activated caspase-9 (c1Casp9) (FIG. 5, left panel). The blot showed a 10-fold induction of c1Casp9.

To show target engagement, after RVO, mice were given Penl-XBIR3 and retinas were harvested and immunoprecipitated with anti-His followed by western blot for clCasp9 (FIG. 5, right panel). There was a 21-fold increase in binding of XBIR3 and clCasp9 by 4 h and a 45-fold increase by 24 h.

US11857609B2. Ocular delivery of cell permeant therapeutics for the treatment of retinal edema (2024-01-02). THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK [US]. Inventors: Carol M. Troy [US], Ying Y. Jean [US].
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Patent 2024
Animals Caspase 9 Caspase 10 Eye Eye Drops Mus Retina Western Blot
2
Dissecting Notch Signaling Pathways
Cell lysates of ALDH−, ALDH+, and CD44+/CD24− cells following treatment with vehicle and treatment (ASR490, DAPT, MG132, CHX, or CQ) for prescribed doses and time points, were prepared with RIPA buffer (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, United States) per the manufacturer’s protocol. Western blotting was performed using specific antibodies against Notch1 (CST, #3608), HES1 (Sigma, #SAB2108472), Hey1 (Proteintech, #19929-1-AP), NFκB p65 (CST, #8242), Bcl-2 (CST, #15071), Bcl-xL (CST, #2764), Vimentin (CST, #46173), Slug (CST, #9585), E-Cadherin (CST, #3195), β-catenin (CST, #8480), Ubiquitin (CST, #3933), Cleaved-PARP (CST, #5625), Cleaved-caspase-9 (CST, #20750), BAX (CST, #41162), Notch2 (CST, #D76A6), Lamp1 (CST, #9091), and LC3B (Proteintech, #14600-1-AP). β-Actin (CST, #4970) was used as the loading control. Protein bands were visualized using the Bio-Rad ChemiDocTM imaging system. For IP experiments, protein samples were immunoprecipitated with Notch1 antibody as per the protocol described elsewhere (Chandrasekaran et al., 2020 (link)), and Western blots were performed with ubiquitin antibody.
Saran U., Chandrasekaran B., Tyagi A., Shukla V., Singh A., Sharma A.K, & Damodaran C. (2023). A small molecule inhibitor of Notch1 modulates stemness and suppresses breast cancer cell growth. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1150774.
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Publication 2023
1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol Actins Antibodies BCL2 protein, human beta-Catenin Buffers Caspase 9 CD44 protein, human CDH1 protein, human Cells Immunoglobulins lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, human MG 132 NOTCH2 protein, human Proteins Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Slugs Transcription Factor RelA Ubiquitin Vimentin Western Blot
3
Multiprotein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Publication 2023
Anti-Antibodies anti-c antibody Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic bcl-2 Gene Biological Assay Buffers Caspase 3 Caspase 9 Cells Chemiluminescence Cytochromes Cytoplasm GAPDH protein, human Gels Horseradish Peroxidase Intravenous Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Mitochondrial Proteins Mus Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride polyvinylidene fluoride Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay SDS-PAGE Tissue, Membrane WISP2 protein, human
4
Protein Expression Analysis of H9c2 Cells
H9c2 cell protein was extracted using RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology), and a BCA kit was used for protein determination (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). Protein (45 µg per lane) was separated by SDS-PAGE (12%) and then transferred to PVDF membranes (MilliporeSigma). The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk for 60 min at 4˚C. Subsequently, membranes were treated overnight with primary antibodies at 4˚C, namely anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; 1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 10205-2-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-Ki-67 (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 27309-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-Bax (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 50599-2-Ig; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-Bcl-2 (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 12789-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 (1:1,000 dilution; cat. no. ab2302; Abcam), anti-Cleaved Caspase-9 (1:1,000 dilution; cat. no. ab2324; Abcam), anti-phosphorylated (p)-JNK (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 80024-1-RR; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-JNK (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 24164-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-p-p38 (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 28796-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-p38 (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 14064-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-p-ERK (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 28733-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.), anti-ERK (1:2,000 dilution; cat. no. 16443-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) and anti-β-actin (1:5,000 dilution; cat. no. 20536-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.). β-actin was regarded as the endogenous control. Then, the membranes were then treated for 1 h at room temperature with an HRP-labeled secondary antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) HRP [1:5,000 dilution; cat. no. GAR007; MultiSciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd.]. Lastly, protein blots were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (ECL; MilliporeSigma) and quantification was performed using ImageJ Software (National Institutes of Health; version 4.3).
Qian X., Xiong S., Chen Q., Zhang J, & Xie J. (2023). Parecoxib attenuates inflammation injury in septic H9c2 cells by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25(4), 150.
Publication 2023
Actins anti-IgG Antibodies BCL2 protein, human Buffers Caspase 3 Caspase 9 Cells Chemiluminescence Goat Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 polyvinylidene fluoride Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay SDS-PAGE Technique, Dilution Tissue, Membrane
5
Western Blotting for DNA Damage Signaling
The standard western blotting protocol was conducted to detect the levels of indicated proteins as described previously (Yuan et al, 2017 (link); Li et al, 2021 (link)). Antibody against GAPDH (AF0006) was from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Antibodies against γ‐H2AX (#2577), CDT1 (#8064), Chk1 (#2360), p‐Chk1(S317, #2344), p‐Chk2 (Thr68, #2661), caspase‐3 (#9662), caspase‐7 (#12827), caspase 9 (#9502), PARP (#9542), Bak (#12105), BID (#2002), Puma (#4976), Noxa (#14766), Bcl‐XL (#2764), XIAP (#14334), MRE11 (#4895), c‐IAP1 (#7943), c‐IAP2 (#3130), STAT1 (#14994), p‐STAT1 (Tyr701, #9167), p‐STAT1 (Ser727, #8826), STAT3 (#9139), p‐STAT3 (Ser727, #9145), STING (#13647), p‐STING (#19781), TBK1 (#3504), p‐TBK1 (#5483), IRF3 (#11904), p‐IRF3 (Ser386, #37829), p38 (#9212), p‐p38 (#9211), ERK1/2 (#9102), p‐ERK1/2 (#4370), MEK1/2 (#4694), p‐MEK1/2 (#9154), JNK (#9252), Axin2 (#2151), KU70 (#4588) and KU80 (#2753) were from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies against RPA32 (sc‐271578), Bax (sc‐493), MCL1 (sc‐819), PTIP (sc‐367459), Chk2 (sc‐9604), PARP2 (sc‐30622), XRCC1 (sc‐11429), XRCC3 (sc‐271714), MLH1 (sc‐581), MSH2 (sc‐494), TNKS1/2 (sc‐365897), p‐JNK (sc‐6254), PARP1 (sc‐7150) and PAR [pADPr (10H) (sc‐56198)] were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Antibody against p‐RPA32 (PLA0071) was from Sigma (Shanghai, China). Antibody against RAD51 (ab63801), CTIP (ab70163), MCRS1/MSP58 (ab247013) and PALB2 (ab202970) were from Abcam. Antibody against MAD2L2/REV7 (BD‐612266) was from BD Biosciences. Antibody against BRCA1 (OP92) and BRCA2 (OP95) were from Millipore. Goat anti‐mouse IgG horseradish peroxidase antibody was provided by Merk/Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). All of the primary antibodies, except for GAPDH, were used after 1:1,000 dilution, and GAPDH primary antibody was used after 1:5,000 dilution. Second antibodies were used following 1:2,000 dilution.
Wang L., Wang P., Chen X., Yang H., Song S., Song Z., Jia L., Chen H., Bao X., Guo N., Huan X., Xi Y., Shen Y., Yang X., Su Y., Sun Y., Gao Y., Chen Y., Ding J., Lang J., Miao Z., Zhang A, & He J. (2023). Thioparib inhibits homologous recombination repair, activates the type I IFN response, and overcomes olaparib resistance. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 15(3), e16235.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic AXIN2 protein, human BIRC2 protein, human BIRC3 protein, human BRCA1 protein, human Caspase-7 Caspase 3 Caspase 9 GAPDH protein, human Gene, BRCA2 Goat IGG-horseradish peroxidase Immunoglobulins IRF3 protein, human MAP2K1 protein, human MCL1 protein, human Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 MLH1 protein, human Mus PALB2 protein, human PARP1 protein, human PARP2 protein, human Proteins Puma RBBP8 protein, human STAT1 protein, human STAT3 protein, human TBK1 protein, human Technique, Dilution XRCC1 protein, human XRCC3 protein, human Xrcc6 protein, human

Top products related to «Caspase 9»

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Caspase 9 by Cell Signaling Technology
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Caspase-9 is a protease enzyme that plays a central role in the execution phase of cell apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It serves as an initiator caspase, activating other downstream effector caspases to induce the apoptotic signaling cascade.
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Caspase 3 by Cell Signaling Technology
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Caspase-3 is a key enzyme involved in the execution phase of cell apoptosis (programmed cell death). It plays a central role in the apoptotic pathway by cleaving various cellular substrates, leading to the characteristic morphological and biochemical changes associated with apoptosis.
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Cleaved caspase 3 by Cell Signaling Technology
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Cleaved caspase-3 is an antibody that detects the activated form of caspase-3 protein. Caspase-3 is a key enzyme involved in the execution phase of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The cleaved caspase-3 antibody specifically recognizes the active, cleaved form of the enzyme and can be used to monitor and quantify apoptosis in experimental systems.
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Cleaved caspase 9 by Cell Signaling Technology
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Cleaved caspase-9 is a laboratory product offered by Cell Signaling Technology. It is a protein that plays a key role in the process of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This product can be used for research purposes to study the mechanisms of cell death and signaling pathways.
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Bcl 2 by Cell Signaling Technology
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Bcl-2 is a protein that plays a key role in regulating apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It functions as an anti-apoptotic protein, helping to prevent cell death by inhibiting the activity of pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Bcl2 associated x (bax) by Cell Signaling Technology
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β actin by Cell Signaling Technology
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Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Caspase-8 is a laboratory reagent used in the study of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. It plays a crucial role in the initiation of the caspase cascade, a series of enzymatic reactions that lead to apoptosis. Caspase-8 is an important tool for researchers investigating cellular signaling pathways and mechanisms of cell death.

More about "Caspase 9"

Caspase-9: The Pivotal Enzyme in Programmed Cell Death

Caspase-9, a critical cysteine protease, plays a central role in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, a crucial process of programmed cell death.
This enzyme is activated by the formation of the apoptosome complex, initiating a cascade of caspase activation that ultimately leads to cell demolition.
As a key regulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, Caspase-9 is a vital target for research in various disease states, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions.
Understanding the regulation and function of Caspase-9 is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating this pivotal enzyme.
Researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy in Caspase-9 research.
This cutting-edge technology enables users to easily locate relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
Optimizing Caspase-9 research with PubCompare.ai's advanced features can lead to greater efficiency and confidence in research findings.
Exploring the related terms, such as Caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-9, Bcl-2, PVDF membranes, Bax, β-actin, FBS, and Caspase-8, can further enrich the understanding of this pivotal enzyme and its role in apoptosis and disease processes.
OtherTerms: Caspase 9, Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis, Apoptosome, Mitochondria, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Disorders, Autoimmune Conditions, PubCompare.ai, Caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-9, Bcl-2, PVDF membranes, Bax, β-actin, FBS, Caspase-8