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Connexin 43

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a critical gap junction protein that facilitates intercellular communication in various tissues.
It plays a key role in regulating cell-to-cell signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cellular processes.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help optimize your Cx43 research by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and using our AI-comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for your studies.
Leverage our platform to streamline your research and improve the quality of your findings, leading to more reproducible and accurtae results.

Most cited protocols related to «Connexin 43»

1
Electrophysiological Modeling of Cardiac Infarction
Cited 14 times
Detail regarding electrophysiological modeling in the swine hearts can be found in our recent paper29 (link). Detail on all aspects of human ventricular electrophysiological modeling in myocardial infraction is presented in our recent publication11 (link). Briefly, for all heart models, both animal and human, once the 3D finite-element ventricular mesh was generated, regionally-uniform cell and tissue electrophysiological properties were assigned to the three regions outlined in the virtual heart from the LGE-MRI scans: scar, GZ, and non-infarcted tissue. All finite elements that belonged to the scar region were considered electrically non-conductive. In the patient-specific heart models, finite elements that belonged to non-infarcted tissue and GZ were assigned human ventricular cell action potential dynamics31 (link); a different action potential model was used in the animal study29 (link). Modifications to the ionic model based on experimental recordings were implemented to represent electrophysiological remodeling in the GZ11 (link),29 (link). Overall, the GZ action potentials were characterized by a longer duration, decreased upstroke velocity, and decreased peak amplitude compared to those in the non-infarcted myocardium, similar to what has been previously reported32 (link),33 (link). Specifically, as described in the animal model study23 (link), action potential remodeling in the GZ was implemented by decreasing, the original action potential parameters as follows: peak sodium current to 38%, peak L-type calcium current to 31%, and peak potassium currents IKr and IKs to 30 and 20%, respectively. The human action potential model in the patient studies was similarly modified to represent electrophysiological remodeling in the GZ, based on experimental data, as described in our previous patient study11 (link): 62% reduction in peak sodium current, 69% reduction in L-type calcium current and a reduction of 70 and 80% in potassium currents IKr and IKs, respectively.
Tissue properties representing animal or human ventricular cell-to-cell electrical communication were also assigned to the non-infarcted and GZ regions, as described previously11 (link); the GZ region was characterized with a decrease in transverse conductivity to reflect connexin-43 remodeling in the infarct border zone. Similar to the latter study, the values of the non-infarcted tissue conductivities used here were 0.255 and 0.0775 S/m in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively.
Prakosa A., Arevalo H.J., Deng D., Boyle P.M., Nikolov P.P., Ashikaga H., Blauer J.J., Ghafoori E., Park C.J., Blake RC I.I.I., Han F.T., MacLeod R.S., Halperin H.R., Callans D.J., Ranjan R., Chrispin J., Nazarian S, & Trayanova N.A. (2018). Personalized virtual-heart technology for guiding the ablation of infarct-related ventricular tachycardia. Nature biomedical engineering, 2(10), 732-740.
Publication 2018
Action Potentials Animal Model Animals Calcium Cardiac Electrophysiology Cell Communication Cells Cicatrix Connexin 43 Electric Conductivity Electricity Heart Heart Ventricle Homo sapiens Ions MRI Scans Myocardium Patients Pigs Potassium Sodium Tissues
2
Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator in Pirt-expressing Neurons
Cited 13 times

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Publication 2016
Animals Connexin 43 DNA, Complementary Genes Heterozygote Homologous Recombination Mice, Laboratory Reading Frames Rosa
3
3D Spatial Localization of Cardiac Proteins
Cited 10 times
Adult male guinea pigs (800–1000 g; n = 3) were anesthetized and their ventricles isolated as previously described (Veeraraghavan and Poelzing, 2008 (link); Veeraraghavan et al., 2012 (link), 2013 (link)). Tissue blocks cut from these ventricles were embedded in OCT and frozen for cryosectioning. Sections (5 μm) were cut from frozen tissue blocks, fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 5 min, and immunolabeled as previously described (Veeraraghavan et al., 2015 (link)) with mouse anti-Cx43 (MAB3067, 1:100; Millipore, Billerica, CA) and rabbit anti-Nav1.5 (1:100; kindly provided by Peter Mohler, SBS-Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University). Samples were then labeled with goat anti-rabbit Alexa 647 (1:4000) and donkey anti-mouse Cy3b (1:100) secondary antibodies. STORM images were obtained using a Vutara 350 microscope equipped with biplane 3D detection (Juette et al., 2008 (link); Mlodzianoski et al., 2009 (link); Deschout et al., 2014 (link)) and fast scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor imaging, achieving 20-nm xy- and 50-nm z-resolution. Volumes imaged had a surface extent of 10 × 10 to 15 × 15 μm and spanned between 3 and 5 μm in the z-dimension. Localization of particles was accomplished with a precision of 10 nm. Registration of the two color channels was achieved using a transform calculated from the localized positions of several TetraSpeck Fluorescent Microspheres (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA) scattered throughout the field of view, similar to a previously described approach (Churchman and Spudich, 2013 ).
Veeraraghavan R, & Gourdie R.G. (2016). Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy–based relative localization analysis (STORM-RLA) for quantitative nanoscale assessment of spatial protein organization. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 27(22), 3583-3590.
Publication 2016
Adult Antibodies Cavia Connexin 43 Equus asinus Freezing Goat Heart Ventricle Males Metals Mice, House Microscopy Microspheres Oxides paraform physiology Rabbits Tissues
4
Expression and Imaging of CyOFP1 Fusions
Cited 9 times
pCyOFP1-N1 and pCyOFP1-C1 expression vectors were first constructed based on pEGFP-C1 and pEGFP-N1 (Clontech). Briefly, the CyOFP1 cDNA was amplified by PCR with a 5’ primer encoding an AgeI site and a 3’ primer encoding either a BspEI (C1) or NotI (N1) site, and the PCR products were digested, purified, and ligated into similarly treated pEGFP-C1 or pEGFP-N1 vector backbones. Then, to construct plasmids encoding CyOFP1 fusions, fragments encoding various protein domains were excised from existing plasmids encoding mEmerald fusions using available restriction sites and ligated into similarly treated pCyOFP1-N1 and pCyOFP1-C1 vector backbones. Domains for fusion proteins were derived from the following sources: human β-actin, NM_001130442.1; human RhoB, NM_004040.2; human H2B, NM_021058.3; human α-tubulin, NM_006082; rat connexin-43, NM_012326.2; rabbit cytochrome p450, XM_002718526.1; human cytochrome C oxidase subunit VIIIA, NM_004074.2; human sialyltransferase, NM_173216.2; c-Ha-Ras, NM_001130442.1; rat F-Tractin, NM_031045.2. For epifluorescence imaging, DNA was prepared using the Plasmid maxi kit (Qiagen) and transfected into HeLa CCL-2 or HeLa S3 cells (ATCC) using Effectene (Qiagen) grown on coverslips in a 50:50 mixture of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and Ham’s F12 with 12.5% HyClone Cosmic Calf Serum (GE Healthcare Life Sciences). Cells were fixed after 48 h, mounted with gelvatol52 , and imaged by epifluorescence with an Eclipse 80i microscope (Nikon). For light-sheet imaging, the CyOFP1-tractin and cytosolic EGFP constructs were cloned into the pLVX lentiviral vector (Clontech). Viruses were produced and MV3 cells were infected according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Chu J., Oh Y.H., Sens A., Ataie N., Dana H., Macklin J.J., Laviv T., Welf E.S., Dean K.M., Zhang F., Kim B.B., Tang C.T., Hu M., Baird M.A., Davidson M.W., Kay M.A., Fiolka R., Yasuda R., Kim D.S., Ng H.L, & Lin M.Z. (2016). A bright cyan-excitable orange fluorescent protein facilitates dual-emission microscopy and enhances bioluminescence imaging in vivo. Nature biotechnology, 34(7), 760-767.
Publication 2016
Actins alpha-Tubulin Cells Cloning Vectors Connexin 43 Cosmic composite resin Cytochrome P450 Cytosol DNA, Complementary Eagle Effectene HeLa Cells Homo sapiens HRAS protein, human Microscopy Oligonucleotide Primers Oxidase, Cytochrome-c Plasmids Protein Domain Protein Subunits Rabbits Serum Sialyltransferases TNFSF14 protein, human Vertebral Column Virus
5
Alveolar Imaging and Cell Manipulation
Cited 9 times
All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Columbia University Medical Center. We imaged isolated, blood-perfused lungs by laser scanning microscopy (LSM 510 META, Zeiss)11 (link). Alveoli were imaged to a depth of 40 μm from the pleura. We loaded alveolar cells with dyes and reagents by alveolar micropuncture11 (link). LPS concentrations were 1 mg (kg body weight)−1 for all experiments, and 25 mg kg−1 for survival studies. We infused calcein-stained S. aureus (1x108 bacteria ml−1) by alveolar micropuncture. For Ca2+ imaging (1 image 5s−1), we microinfused alveoli with fluo-4. For photolytic Ca2+ uncaging17 (link), we targeted single cells, co-loaded with fluo-4 and the UV-sensitive Ca2+ cage, o-Nitrophenyl EGTA, with high intensity UV illumination (~320 nm, 10 pulses s−1) in 2-μm diameter spots. In situ Cx43, NFκB and Akt staining was carried out after fixation and permeabilization of the alveolus. We quantified Cx43 mRNA by qPCR in AMs sorted from BAL and lung tissue samples (Influx Cell Sorter, BD Biosciences). BAL and cell culture supernatant cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Western Blot analyses and Co-immunoprecipitations were performed as previously described29 (link). siRNA was complexed with freshly extruded liposomes and intranasally instilled.
Westphalen K., Gusarova G.A., Islam M.N., Subramanian M., Cohen T.S., Prince A.S, & Bhattacharya J. (2014). Sessile alveolar macrophages modulate immunity through connexin 43-based epithelial communication. Nature, 506(7489), 503-506.
Publication 2014
2-nitrophenyl-EGTA Alveolar Epithelial Cells Bacteria BLOOD Body Weight Cell Culture Techniques Cells Co-Immunoprecipitation Connexin 43 Cytokine Dyes Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Exanthema Fluo 4 fluorexon Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Laser Scanning Microscopy Liposomes Lung Micropunctures Photolysis Pleura Pulses RELA protein, human RNA, Messenger RNA, Small Interfering Tissues Tooth Socket Ultraviolet Rays Western Blot

Most recents protocols related to «Connexin 43»

1
Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Publication 2023
Amino Acids Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic bicinchoninic acid Biological Assay Buffers Cells Centrifugation Clone Cells Connexin 43 Fingers GAPDH protein, human Horseradish Peroxidase Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulins LRP6 protein, human Milk, Cow's Monoclonal Antibodies Mus polyvinylidene fluoride Powder Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Saline Solution Tissue, Membrane Tween 20
2
Visualizing Connexin Protein Localization
Control cells or cells expressing GFP- or FLAG-tagged Cx30.3, Cx30.3 mutants or co-expressing Cx30.3 mutants together with RFP-tagged Cx30.3, Cx26, Cx30, or Cx43 were plated on sterile glass coverslips (ThermoFisher, Cat# 1254580). Cells were grown to ∼80% confluence, rinsed twice with 1x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (ThermoFisher, Cat# 10010-023) and fixed in ice-cold 80% methanol/20% acetone (v/v) solution for 15 min at 4°C. After rinsing in PBS, cells were blocked with 2% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA; MilliporeSigma, Cat# A2153) for 30 min at room temperature. Cells were labelled for 45 min at room temperature with a 1:200 dilution of the following primary antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG (MilliporeSigma, Cat# F3165), anti-PDI (Enzo Life Science, Cat# ADI-SPA-891F), anti-E-cadherin (BD Biosciences, Cat# 610182) or rabbit monoclonal anti-Cx43 (MilliporeSigma, Cat# C2619), anti-FLAG (Cell Signaling, Cat# 14793) and anti-BiP/GRP78 (MilliporeSigma, Cat# G8918). Cells were then washed with PBS and incubated for 45 min in the secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated goat monoclonal anti-mouse (ThermoFisher, Cat# A32727) or anti-rabbit (ThermoFisher, Cat# A32732) IgG (1:800 dilution in 2% BSA), or in some cases, AlexaFluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse (ThermoFisher, Cat# A21202) or donkey anti-rabbit (ThermoFisher, Cat# A21206) IgG (both used at 1:800 dilution). All antibodies were diluted as indicated in blocking solution. All coverslips were then stained with Hoechst 33342 (1:1000 dilution in distilled water; ThermoFisher, Cat# H3570) for 1 min to demarcate the nuclei and mounted onto glass microscope slides using Airvol mounting solution. In some cases, cells were only labelled with Hoechst 33342.
Cells were imaged on a Zeiss LSM800 confocal microscope equipped with Zen2.3 software (Zeiss International, Oberkochen, Germany, www.zeiss.com) and a ×63 oil immersion objective lens. When imaging samples for direct comparisons, all images were acquired and presented using identical imaging conditions (laser strength, pinhole, and contrast) to ensure fluorescence intensity could be directly compared. For gap junction quantification, a third-party investigator blinded to the treatment quantified the percent of gap junction forming cell pairs. Gap junction plaques were defined as a linear or punctate green fluorescence signal of approximately 0.2 μm in length, situated at the interface between two transfected cells. Experiments were repeated at least three times, with 30 or more cells or cell-cell interfaces analyzed for each group in each repeat.
Lucaciu S.A., Figliuzzi R., Neumann R., Nazarali S., Del Sordo L., Leighton S.E., Hauser A., Shao Q., Johnston D., Bai D, & Laird D.W. (2023). GJB4 variants linked to skin disease exhibit a trafficking deficiency en route to gap junction formation that can be restored by co-expression of select connexins. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1073805.
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Publication 2023
Acetone Alexa Fluor 555 Antibodies Cadherins Cell Nucleus Cells Cold Temperature Connexin 43 Equus asinus Fluorescence Gap Junctions GJB2 protein, human Glucose Regulated Protein 78 kDa Goat HOE 33342 Immunoglobulins Lens, Crystalline Methanol Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Mus Phosphates Rabbits Saline Solution Serum Albumin, Bovine Sterility, Reproductive Submersion Technique, Dilution
3
Generating Cx30.3 Fusion Constructs
The human Cx30.3-BFP expression vector driven by a CMV promoter was custom ordered from VectorBuilder (Chicago, IL, United States). Employing XhoI and HindIII restriction sites, the BFP tag was replaced by fusing Cx30.3 in-frame to mox-GFP (AddGene, Watertown, MA, United States, Cat# 68070). Plasmids encoding GFP-tagged Cx30.3 mutants (G12D, T85P, and F189Y) were special ordered and purchased from NorClone Biotech Laboratories (London, ON, Canada) and confirmed by sequencing. Red fluorescent protein (RFP) tagged Cx30.3, Cx26, Cx30, and Cx43 were described earlier (Berger et al., 2014 (link); Au et al., 2020 (link); Beach et al., 2020 (link)). The myc-DDK (FLAG)-tagged Cx30.3 expression vector driven by a CMV promoter was purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD, United States, Cat# RC204406). This plasmid was outsourced to NorClone Biotech Laboratories (London, ON, Canada) for the generation of the G12D, T85P, and F189Y mutants via site-directed mutagenesis. Resulting plasmids encoding Cx30.3 mutants were verified by sequencing.
Lucaciu S.A., Figliuzzi R., Neumann R., Nazarali S., Del Sordo L., Leighton S.E., Hauser A., Shao Q., Johnston D., Bai D, & Laird D.W. (2023). GJB4 variants linked to skin disease exhibit a trafficking deficiency en route to gap junction formation that can be restored by co-expression of select connexins. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1073805.
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Publication 2023
Cloning Vectors Connexin 43 GJB2 protein, human Homo sapiens Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Plasmids Reading Frames red fluorescent protein
4
Transient Transfection of Connexin Variants
REKs and Cx43KO REKs were cultured and grown to ∼50%–60% confluence and transiently transfected by mixing 0.1–1 μg of DNA constructs encoding GFP- or FLAG-tagged Cx30.3, G12D, T85P, and F189Y and 2 μl Lipofectamine 2000 (ThermoFisher, Cat# 11668019) or Lipofectamine 3000 (ThermoFisher, Cat# L3000015) in 200 μl of Opti-Mem reduced serum (ThermoFisher, Cat# 31985-070). This mixture was gently mixed and incubated at room temperature for 20 min (for Lipofectamine 2000) or 5 min (for Lipofectamine 3000) before being added dropwise to the REKs. In some cases, REKs were co-transfected with 1 μg of GFP-tagged Cx30.3 or Cx30.3 mutants with 1 μg of constructs encoding Cx30.3-RFP, Cx26-RFP, Cx30-RFP or Cx43-RFP (Berger et al., 2014 (link); Au et al., 2020 (link)). On occasion, REKs or Cx43KO REKs were transfected with a plasmid encoding Cx43-GFP as a control. All transfected cells were used in experiments 24–48 h later.
N2a cells used for electrophysiology experiments were cultured and grown to ∼50%–70% confluence and transiently transfected by combining separate tubes containing 1) 1 μg of DNA constructs encoding GFP-tagged Cx30.3, G12D, T85P, F189Y, and 2) free GFP in 400 μl of Opti-Mem, and 2 μl X-tremeGENE HP DNA transfection reagent (MilliporeSigma, Oakville, ON, Canada Cat# 6366244001) in 400 μl of Opti-Mem and incubated at room temperature for 30 min (Yue et al., 2021 (link); Jaradat et al., 2022 (link)). Growth media was aspirated, and cells were incubated with the transfection cocktail for 5 h at 37°C. Subsequently, the transfection cocktail was replaced with fresh serum-containing culture media and cells grown at 37°C and 5% CO2 overnight and used for electrophysiology experiments the following day as outlined below.
Lucaciu S.A., Figliuzzi R., Neumann R., Nazarali S., Del Sordo L., Leighton S.E., Hauser A., Shao Q., Johnston D., Bai D, & Laird D.W. (2023). GJB4 variants linked to skin disease exhibit a trafficking deficiency en route to gap junction formation that can be restored by co-expression of select connexins. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1073805.
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Publication 2023
Cells Connexin 43 Culture Media GJB2 protein, human Lipofectamine lipofectamine 2000 Plasmids Recombinant DNA Serum Transfection
5
Avian Pathology Examination Protocol
The birds in each group were inspected twice a day for any behavioral changes or clinical manifestations. A full necropsy was performed on each bird. At necropsy, tissue samples (trachea, lungs, and intestine) were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for microscopic examination and in sterile tubes for virus detection. Subsequently, the formalin-fixed tissues were embedded in paraffin. The tissue sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain as per the standard method [27 (link)]. The stained slides were examined using a light microscope, an Olympus CX43 equipped with an EP50 camera (Olympus Corporation, Shinjuku City, Japan).
Begum J.A., Hossain I., Nooruzzaman M., King J., Chowdhury E.H., Harder T.C, & Parvin R. (2023). Experimental Pathogenicity of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Harboring a Tri-Basic Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Sonali and Broiler Chickens. Viruses, 15(2), 461.
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Publication 2023
Autopsy Aves Connexin 43 Eosin Formalin Intestines Light Microscopy Lung Microscopy Paraffin Embedding Sterility, Reproductive Tissues Trachea Virus

Top products related to «Connexin 43»

1
Cx43 microscope by Olympus
Sourced in Japan
The CX43 microscope from Olympus is a compact and versatile instrument designed for a wide range of laboratory and educational applications. It features high-quality optics, including a 4X, 10X, 40X, and 100X objective lenses, providing magnification capabilities suitable for various specimen observation needs. The CX43 microscope is equipped with a LED illumination system for enhanced brightness and energy efficiency.
2
Pvdf membrane by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Morocco, Ireland, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong, Sao Tome and Principe, Sweden, Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Austria
PVDF membranes are a type of laboratory equipment used for a variety of applications. They are made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a durable and chemically resistant material. PVDF membranes are known for their high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to a wide range of chemicals. They are commonly used in various filtration, separation, and analysis processes in scientific and research settings.
3
Ab11370 by Abcam
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Ab11370 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the human CD4 antigen. It is intended for use in flow cytometry and immunochemistry applications.
4
Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
6
Anti cx43 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Japan
Anti-Cx43 is a laboratory reagent used to detect and quantify the expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, in biological samples. It is a highly specific antibody that binds to Cx43 and can be used in various immunoassay techniques, such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry.
7
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Alexa fluor 488 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Alexa Fluor 488 is a fluorescent dye used in various biotechnological applications. It has an excitation maximum at 495 nm and an emission maximum at 519 nm, producing a green fluorescent signal. Alexa Fluor 488 is known for its brightness, photostability, and pH-insensitivity, making it a popular choice for labeling biomolecules in biological research.
9
Lipofectamine 2000 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Lipofectamine 2000 is a cationic lipid-based transfection reagent designed for efficient and reliable delivery of nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA), into a wide range of eukaryotic cell types. It facilitates the formation of complexes between the nucleic acid and the lipid components, which can then be introduced into cells to enable gene expression or gene silencing studies.
10
C6219 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
The C6219 is a piece of laboratory equipment designed for general use in research and analytical settings. It functions as a centrifuge, providing a means to separate and concentrate various components of liquid samples through the application of centrifugal force. The core purpose of this device is to facilitate the separation and isolation of materials for further analysis or processing.

More about "Connexin 43"

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a crucial gap junction protein that enables intercellular communication across various tissues.
This essential protein plays a key role in regulating cell-to-cell signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cellular processes.
Cx43 is also known as GJA1, the gene that encodes it.
Optimizing your Cx43 research is crucial for achieving reproducible and accurate results.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help streamline your studies by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Using our advanced AI-comparisons, you can identify the best protocols and products for your Cx43 research.
Leveraging our platform, you can enhance the quality of your findings and improve the overall efficiency of your Cx43 investigations.
This includes utilizing essential tools and techniques such as CX43 microscope imaging, PVDF membranes for Western blotting, Ab11370 antibodies for Cx43 detection, and TRIzol reagent for RNA extraction.
Additionally, optimizing cell culture conditions, such as using FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and Anti-Cx43 antibodies, can further support your Cx43 studies.
Visualizing Cx43 localization and distribution within cells can be achieved through the use of fluorescent dyes like DAPI and Alexa Fluor 488.
Finally, transfection reagents like Lipofectamine 2000 can be employed to modulate Cx43 expression and investigate its functional roles.
By integrating these resources and techniques, you can streamline your Cx43 research and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of your findings.
Explore the vast ecosystem of Cx43-related resources and leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to optimize your studies and unlock new insights into this critical gap junction protein, C6219.