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Dopa

Dopa, also known as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is a naturally occurring amino acid that serves as a precursor to important neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
It plays a crucial role in the production of melanin pigments and is commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Dopa has been extensively studied in the fields of neuroscience, biochemistry, and pharmacology, with a wealth of research available in the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-driven platform that simplifies the process of finding and comparing Dopa protocols, helping researchers identify the most reproducible and effective approaches and boosting the efficiency and optimization of their research.

Most cited protocols related to «Dopa»

1
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Cohort
Cerebral SVD is characterized on neuroimaging by either WML or lacunar infarcts. Symptoms of SVD include acute symptoms, such as transient ischemic attack (TIA) or lacunar syndromes, but also subacute manifestations such as cognitive and motor (gait) disturbances [5 (link)]. As the onset of cerebral SVD is often insidious, clinically heterogeneous, and typically with mild symptoms, it has been suggested that the selection of subjects with cerebral SVD in clinical studies should be based on the more consistent brain imaging features [20 (link)].
Accordingly, in 2006, consecutive individuals referred to the Department of Neurology between October 2002 and November 2006, were selected for possible participation. Inclusion criteria were: (a) age between 50 and 85 years; (b) cerebral SVD on neuroimaging (WML and/or lacunar infarcts). Subsequently, the above mentioned acute and subacute clinical symptoms of SVD were assessed by standardized structured assessments (a questionnaire for TIA and stroke [21 (link)]; for cognition the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire [22 (link)]; for gait the Falls Questionnaire [23 (link)] and the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire [24 (link)]) Subjects who were eligible because of a lacunar syndrome were included only > 6 months after the event to avoid acute effects on the outcomes.
To be able to detect incident dementia and parkinsonism we applied the following exclusion criteria: (a) presence of dementia [25 ] and (b) parkinson(-ism)[26 (link),27 (link)]. In addition patients with (c)intracranial hemorrhage; (d) life expectancy of less than six months; (e) intracranial space occupying lesion; (f) (psychiatric) disease interfering with cognitive testing or follow-up; (g) recent or current use of acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors, neuroleptic agents, L-dopa or dopa-a(nta)gonists; (h) non-SVD related WML (e.g. multiple sclerosis); (i) prominent visual or hearing impairment; (j) language barrier; (k) MRI contraindications or known claustrophobia were excluded.
All participants signed an informed consent form. The Medical Review Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen approved the study.
van Norden A.G., de Laat K.F., Gons R.A., van Uden I.W., van Dijk E.J., van Oudheusden L.J., Esselink R.A., Bloem B.R., van Engelen B.G., Zwarts M.J., Tendolkar I., Olde-Rikkert M.G., van der Vlugt M.J., Zwiers M.P., Norris D.G, & de Leeuw F.E. (2011). Causes and consequences of cerebral small vessel disease. The RUN DMC study: a prospective cohort study. Study rationale and protocol. BMC Neurology, 11, 29.
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Publication 2011
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Antipsychotic Agents Brain Cerebrovascular Accident Claustrophobia Cognition Dementia Dopa Genetic Heterogeneity Hearing Impairment Infarction, Lacunar Intracranial Hemorrhage Levodopa Mental Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Neurobehavioral Manifestations Parkinsonian Disorders Patients Stroke, Lacunar Transient Ischemic Attack
2
Tracking Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes
The study is carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [14 (link)] and is supported by research nurses from the dementia and neurodegenerative research network (DeNDRON), a division of the National Health Service National Institute of Health Research in the United Kingdom (UK). Grant funding is from Parkinson’s UK, the national patient care and research organization. The primary objective is to define and explain the variation in the clinicalphenotype of Parkinson’s disease. Secondary objectives are: (a) to relate the variation in the clinical phenotype of PD to genetic influences; (b) to support additional studies exploring genetic, serum and imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis, stratification and progression of PD.
Tracking Parkinson’s is a large prospective, observational, multicentre project. Patients were recruited with a clinical diagnosis of PD, corroborated by Queen Square Brain Bank criteria [15 (link)] and supported by neuroimaging performed when the diagnosis was not firmly established clinically. Both drug-naïve and treated patients, aged 18 to 90 years were eligible. Young onset cases were diagnosed at or below age 50 years, and recent onset cases were diagnosed within the preceding 3.5 years. Baseline recruitment is complete and patients are currently engaged in 6 monthly follow up. Recruitment of first degree relatives, to a target of 840 unaffected siblings, is underway. All participants have LRRK2 and GBA mutation carrier status assessed with young onset cases also screened for PARK2 and PINK1 mutations. Exclusion criteria were severe comorbid illness e.g severe COPD or symptomatic heart failure that would not allow patient participation in clinic visits, other degenerative forms of parkinsonism e.g. progressive supranuclear palsy, or, parkinsonism attributable to significant cerebrovascular disease eg. lower body parkinsonism with prominent vascular history (patients with ‘incidental’ small vessel disease on brain imaging were not excluded). Patients with drug-induced parkinsonism were excluded, but drug-unmasked PD was allowed if justified by abnormal functional dopaminergic imaging with dopamine transporter (DaT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or fluorodopa (18F) positron emission tomography (F-DOPA PET).
72 sites in the UK providing secondary care treatment for PD patients as part of the UK National Health Service (NHS) (and in selected sites, their linked academic institutions) are participating, with multicentre ethics committee and local research and development department approvals.
Malek N., Swallow D.M., Grosset K.A., Lawton M.A., Marrinan S.L., Lehn A.C., Bresner C., Bajaj N., Barker R.A., Ben-Shlomo Y., Burn D.J., Foltynie T., Hardy J., Morris H.R., Williams N.M., Wood N, & Grosset D.G. (2015). Tracking Parkinson’s: Study Design and Baseline Patient Data. Journal of Parkinson's Disease, 5(4), 947-959.
Publication 2015
Biological Markers Blood Vessel Brain Cerebrovascular Disorders Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Clinic Visits Dementia dendron Disease Progression Dopa Ethics Committees fluorodopa Health Services, National Heart Failure Human Body Hydrochloride, Dopamine LRRK2 protein, human Mutation Nurses Parkinson Disease Parkinson Disease 2, Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonian Disorders Patient Participation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Positron-Emission Tomography Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Secondary Care Serum Sibling Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon Vascular Diseases
3
Immunohistochemistry for Renal Denervation

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Publication 2014
Anabolism Arteries Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Catecholamines Cells Denervation Dissection Dopa Dopa Decarboxylase Dopamine Elastica Elastic Fibers Enzymes Ganglia Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein High Blood Pressures Kidney Nerve Fibers Nervousness Neurofilament Proteins Neuroglia Neurons Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine S100 Proteins Substance P Tissues trichrome stain Tyrosine Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
4
Precise Catechol Quantification in Tissue
The same personnel (P.S.) conducted the tissue catechol assays in the laboratory of the Clinical Neurocardiology Section in intramural NINDS, under the Catecholamine Resource Initiative.
Catechol assays were done according to methodology previously developed and published by our group (Holmes et al. 1994 (link), 2010 (link)). Briefly, frozen tissue samples were homogenized in a mixture of 20 : 80 of 0.2 M phosphoric : 0.2 M acetic acid and the supernate transferred to plastic cryotubes and stored at −80 degrees centigrade until assayed by batch alumina extraction followed by liquid chromatography with series electrochemical detection.
DOPAL standard was synthesized in the laboratory and provided by Dr Kenneth L. Kirk (NIDDK). Identification of the DOPAL standard was confirmed by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Until now, it has been thought that concentrations of DOPA in mouse striatum are below the limit of detection of HPLC-electrochemical methodology, without incubating the tissue in an inhibitor of L-aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase. Several factors are necessary to assay striatal tissue DOPA successfully (Figs 2 and 3) without decarboxylase inhibition. These include: (i) use of HPLC-electrochemical systems that are dedicated for catechols only, (ii) Type I water (18 meg-ohm resistance) and the purest HPLC grade reagents, (iii) carefully chosen and conditioned columns, (iv) filtering and degassing the mobile phase to ensure there are no particles or air bubbles, (v) alumina extraction to purify the catechols, (vi) post-column electrochemical detection with a series of flow-through electrodes (so that only reversibly oxidized species are detected), (vii) a policy of not assaying experimental samples until or unless chromatographs of standards and extracted standards are as clean as possible, and (viii) expert assay personnel.
Catechol concentrations in cell lysates were expressed in units of pmoles per mg wet weight.
Goldstein D.S., Sullivan P., Holmes C., Miller G.W., Alter S., Strong R., Mash D.C., Kopin I.J, & Sharabi Y. (2013). Determinants of buildup of the toxic dopamine metabolite DOPAL in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neurochemistry, 126(5), 591-603.
Publication 2013
Acetic Acid Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases Biological Assay Carboxy-Lyases Catecholamines Catechols Cells Chromatography Clinical Laboratory Services Dopa Figs Freezing High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Liquid Chromatography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mass Spectrometry Mice, House Ohmic Resistance Oxide, Aluminum Phosphorus Psychological Inhibition Striatum, Corpus Tissues
5
Antibody Production and Lipid Reagents

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Publication 2010
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Antibodies dioleoyl cephalin dioleoyl phosphate Dopa Droxidopa Electron Microscopy Glycerylphosphorylcholine Lipids Oryctolagus cuniculus phosphoethanolamine Serine

Most recents protocols related to «Dopa»

1
Candidate Gene Screening for Tobacco Mutants
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

Three tobacco lines, FC401 wild type (Wt); FC40-M207 mutant line fourth generation (M4) and FC401-M544 mutant line fourth generation (M4) were used for candidate gene screening. Low anatabine traits were confirmed for the two tobacco mutant lines (M207 and M544) in root and leaf before screening (see FIG. 3).

RNA was extracted from root tissues of wild type (Wt) FC401, M207 and M544 with RNeasy Plus Mini kit from Quiagen Inc. following the manufacturer's protocol. cDNA libraries were prepared from the RNAs using In-Fusion® SMARTer® Directional cDNA Library Construction Kit from Clontech Inc. cDNA libraries were diluted to 100 ng/μl and used as the template for candidate gene PCR screening.

PCR amplifications were performed in 50 μl final volumes that contained 50-100 ng of template DNA (i.e., the cDNA library) and 0.2 μM of primers (Fisher Scientific) using the Platinum® Taq DNA Polymerase High Fidelity kit (Life Technology Inc.). Thermocycling conditions included a 5 min incubation at 94° C.; followed by 34 cycles of 30 seconds at 94° C., 30 seconds at 58° C., 1 min 30 seconds at 68° C.; with a final reaction step of 68° C. for 7 mins. The PCR products were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and desired bands were gel purified and sequenced using an ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (ABI).

51 candidate genes (listed in Table 4) were cloned from F401, Wt, M207 and M544 lines, and sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection.

TABLE 4
Listing of Candidate Genes for Screening
Quinolinate Synthase A-1Pathogenesis related protein 1
Allene oxide synthaseAllene oxide cyclase
ET861088.1 Methyl esteraseFH733463.1 TGACG-sequence specific transcription factor
FH129193.1 Aquaporin-TransportFH297656.1 Universal stress protein
Universal stress protein Tabacum sequenceFH077657.1 Scarecrow-like protein
FH864888.1 EIN3-binding F-box proteinFH029529.1 4,5 DOPA dioxygenase
FI010668.1 Ethylene-responsive transcription EB430189 Carboxylesterase
factor
DW001704 Glutathione S transferaseEB683763 Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid transfer protein/seed
storage 2S albumin
DW002318 Serine/threonine protein kinaseDW004086 Superoxide dismutase
DW001733 Lipid transfer protein DIRIDW001944 Protein phosphatase 2C
DW002033EB683763 Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid transfer protein/seed
storage 2S albumin
DW002318 Serine/threonine protein kinaseDW002576 Glycosyl hydrolase of unknown function DUF1680
EB683279EB683763
EB683951FG141784 (FAD Oxidoreductase)
BBLa-Tabacum sequencesBBLb
BBLeBBLd
PdrlPdr2
Pdr3Pdr5a
Pdr5bNtMATEl
NtMATE2NtMATE3
WRKY8EIG-I24
WRKY3WRKY9
EIG-E17AJ748263.1 QPT2 quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase
AJ748262.1 QPT1

US11873500B2. Genetic locus imparting a low anatabine trait in tobacco and methods of using (2024-01-16). ALTRIA CLIENT SERVICES LLC [US]. Inventors: Chengalrayan Kudithipudi [US], Alec J. Hayes [US], Robert Frank Hart [US], Yanxin Shen [US], Jesse Frederick [US], Dongmei Xu [US].
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Patent 2024
Albumins allene oxide cyclase allene oxide synthase Amino Acid Sequence anatabine Carboxylesterase cDNA Library Dioxygenases Dopa Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Esterases Ethylenes Genes Glutathione S-Transferase Heat Shock Proteins Histocompatibility Testing Hydrolase lipid transfer protein Neoplasm Metastasis Nicotiana Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating) NOS1 protein, human Oligonucleotide Primers Oxidoreductase pathogenesis Plant Leaves Plant Roots Platinum Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases Protein-Threonine Phosphatase Protein Kinases protein methylesterase Protein Phosphatase Protein Phosphatase 2C Proteins Quinolinate RNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Superoxide Dismutase Synapsin I Taq Polymerase Transcription, Genetic Transcription Factor Transfer Factor Water Channel
2
Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivity Evaluation

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Publication 2023
Agaricales Arginine Hydrochloride Bromides Cell Culture Techniques Cells Culture Media Dietary Supplements Dopa Esters Gallic Acid kojic acid Lipopolysaccharides lupalbigenin Monophenol Monooxygenase NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester Rutin Solvents Stem, Plant SYBR Green I trizol
3
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Lipid Bilayer Models
In the present work, the following models have been studied by means of CG simulations (Figures 2B, C) (described further in the text in the Results and Discussion Section 3.1).

- Model 1: POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine), POPE(1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), POPS (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine), PIP1 (phosphatidylinositol phosphate) and ergosterol (30/18/6/6/40).

- Model 2: DOPA (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate), DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), POPE, DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), POPI (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol), POPS, DOPS (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine) and ergosterol (5/12/9/4/12/14/4/40).

Rodríguez-Moraga N., Ramos-Martín F., Buchoux S., Rippa S., D’Amelio N, & Sarazin C. (2023). The effect of rhamnolipids on fungal membrane models as described by their interactions with phospholipids and sterols: An in silico study. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11, 1124129.
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Publication 2023
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine dioleoyl cephalin dioleoyl phosphate Dopa Droxidopa Ergosterol Glycerylphosphorylcholine Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates Phosphorylcholine Serine
4
Soil Analysis: Methods and Enzymes
Soil pH was determined using a pH meter (PHS-25, Shanghai, China) at a constant soil/water ratio of 1:2.5. The available nitrogen (AN) concentration in the soil samples was determined using the DigiPREP TKN System (KJELTEC 8400, Foss, Denmark). A UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UH5300, North Points Ruili) was utilized for assessing the available phosphorus (AP) concentration in the soil. The available potassium (AK) in the soil was quantified using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer (Spectro Analytical Instruments, Kleve, Germany). The K2Cr2O7-H2SO4 oxidation approach was adopted to assess the organic matter (OM) content in the soil.
Soil enzymes associated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon degradation, including peroxidase (POD), sucrase (SC), and urease (UE), were evaluated for their activity. The soil UE activity was determined as described by Bao (2000) (Bao, 2000 ) using urea as the substrate. The spectrophotometric approach was adopted for the soil POD quantification in a 96-well microplate, using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate (Bach et al., 2013 (link)). The soil SC activity was evaluated by determining the glucose discharge from an 8% sucrose solution following 24 h of incubation at 37°C (Chen et al., 2010 (link)).
Gao J, & Xie H. (2023). Daylily intercropping: Effects on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1107690.
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Publication 2023
Carbon Dopa Enzymes FOS protein, human Glucose Nitrogen Patient Discharge Peroxidase Phosphorus Plasma Potassium Potassium Dichromate Spectrophotometry Sucrase Sucrose Urea Urease
5
Synthesis of Acrylate-Conjugated Dopamine Compounds

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Publication 2023
Bicarbonate, Sodium Blood Vessel Buffers Dopa Freezing Nitrogen Rubber

Top products related to «Dopa»

1
L dopa by Merck Group
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L-DOPA is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and research-related substances. The core function of L-DOPA is to serve as a starting material or intermediate in chemical reactions and processes. No further details or interpretations are provided.
2
Mushroom tyrosinase by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Singapore, Spain, Sao Tome and Principe
Mushroom tyrosinase is a laboratory enzyme derived from mushrooms. It catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin, a pigment. The core function of mushroom tyrosinase is to facilitate this biochemical reaction in a controlled laboratory setting.
3
L 3 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine l dopa by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is a chemical compound that serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It is a naturally occurring amino acid found in various plants and animals.
4
Kojic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, France, Sao Tome and Principe, India
Kojic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound. It functions as a tyrosinase inhibitor, which is an enzyme involved in the production of melanin pigment in the skin.
5
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
6
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
7
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
8
Ascorbic acid by Merck Group
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Ascorbic acid is a chemical compound commonly known as Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various physiological processes. As a laboratory product, ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, and pH regulator in various applications.
9
Triton x 100 by Merck Group
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Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a detergent and solubilizing agent, facilitating the solubilization and extraction of proteins and other biomolecules from biological samples.
10
L tyrosine by Merck Group
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L-tyrosine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a precursor in the synthesis of important biomolecules, including neurotransmitters and melanin. L-tyrosine is a white crystalline powder and is soluble in water and other polar solvents.

More about "Dopa"

Dopa, also known as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a crucial role in the production of important neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
It is a precursor to these essential molecules and is widely studied in the fields of neuroscience, biochemistry, and pharmacology.
Dopa, or L-DOPA, is commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decrease in dopamine levels.
Researchers have extensively explored the properties and applications of Dopa, as evidenced by the wealth of scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents available.
Closely related to Dopa is the enzyme tyrosinase, which is found in mushrooms and plays a key role in the production of melanin pigments.
Kojic acid, DMSO, sodium hydroxide, FBS, ascorbic acid, and Triton X-100 are some of the other compounds and materials that are often used in Dopa-related research and experiments, along with the amino acid L-tyrosine.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-driven platform that simplifies the process of finding and comparing Dopa protocols from various sources, helping researchers identify the most reproducible and effective approaches.
This boosts the efficiency and optimization of Dopa-related research, allowing scientists to make more informed decisions and advance the field of Dopa studies.