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FURIN protein, human
FURIN protein, human
FURIN is a proprotein convertase enzyme that plays a crucial role in the activation of various protein precursors.
It is involved in the proteolytic processing of a wide range of substrates, including growth factors, receptors, and viral proteins.
FURIN's activity is essential for proper cell signaling, development, and homeostasis.
Researchers studying FURIN protein can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparisons to identify the most effective research methods and products, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in their work.
It is involved in the proteolytic processing of a wide range of substrates, including growth factors, receptors, and viral proteins.
FURIN's activity is essential for proper cell signaling, development, and homeostasis.
Researchers studying FURIN protein can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparisons to identify the most effective research methods and products, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in their work.
Most cited protocols related to «FURIN protein, human»
Anger
Disgust
Face
Fear
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Aged
Angina Pectoris
Arthritis
Canes
Chronic Condition
Congestive Heart Failure
Coronary Artery Disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Ethnicity
Foot
Heart Diseases
Hispanics
Hospitalization
Index, Body Mass
Malignant Neoplasms
Myocardial Infarction
Neoplasm Metastasis
Performance, Physical
Physical Examination
Physicians
Range of Motion, Articular
Reading Frames
Systolic Pressure
Walkers
The primary analysis was a stratified log-rank test of time to recovery with remdesivir as compared with placebo, with stratification by disease severity (the actual severity at baseline). (See the Supplementary Appendix for more information about the planned statistical analysis.) For time-to-recovery and time-to-improvement analyses, data for patients who did not recover and data for patients who died were censored at day 29.
Prespecified subgroups in these analyses were defined according to sex, baseline disease severity (according to stratification criteria and on the basis of the ordinal scale), age (18 to 39 years, 40 to 64 years, or ≥65 years), race, ethnic group, duration of symptoms before randomization (measured as ≤10 days or >10 days, in quartiles, and as the median), site location, and presence of coexisting conditions. (See theprotocol for more information about the trial methods.) To assess the effect of disease severity on treatment benefit (recovery and mortality), post hoc analyses evaluated interactions of efficacy with baseline ordinal score (as a continuous variable).
The primary outcome was initially a comparison of clinical status at day 15 on the eight-category ordinal scale. However, the primary outcome was changed to a comparison of time to recovery by day 29 in response to evolving information, external to the trial, indicating that Covid-19 may have a more protracted course than previously anticipated. The change was proposed on March 22, 2020 (after 72 patients had been enrolled), by trial statisticians who were unaware of treatment assignments and had no knowledge of outcome data. The amendment was finalized on April 2, 2020, and the initial primary outcome was retained as the key secondary outcome.
On April 27, 2020, the data and safety monitoring board reviewed efficacy results. Although this review was originally planned as an interim analysis, because of the rapid pace of enrollment, the review occurred after completion of enrollment while follow-up was still ongoing. At the time of the data and safety monitoring board report, which was based on data cutoff date of April 22, 2020, a total of 482 recoveries (exceeding the estimated number of recoveries needed for the trial) and 81 deaths had been entered in the database. At that time, the data and safety monitoring board recommended that the preliminary primary analysis report and mortality data from the closed safety report be provided to trial team members from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). These results were subsequently made public. The treating physician could request to be made aware of the treatment assignment of patients who had not completed day 29 if clinically indicated (e.g., because of worsening clinical status), and patients originally in the placebo group could be given remdesivir.
Prespecified subgroups in these analyses were defined according to sex, baseline disease severity (according to stratification criteria and on the basis of the ordinal scale), age (18 to 39 years, 40 to 64 years, or ≥65 years), race, ethnic group, duration of symptoms before randomization (measured as ≤10 days or >10 days, in quartiles, and as the median), site location, and presence of coexisting conditions. (See the
The primary outcome was initially a comparison of clinical status at day 15 on the eight-category ordinal scale. However, the primary outcome was changed to a comparison of time to recovery by day 29 in response to evolving information, external to the trial, indicating that Covid-19 may have a more protracted course than previously anticipated. The change was proposed on March 22, 2020 (after 72 patients had been enrolled), by trial statisticians who were unaware of treatment assignments and had no knowledge of outcome data. The amendment was finalized on April 2, 2020, and the initial primary outcome was retained as the key secondary outcome.
On April 27, 2020, the data and safety monitoring board reviewed efficacy results. Although this review was originally planned as an interim analysis, because of the rapid pace of enrollment, the review occurred after completion of enrollment while follow-up was still ongoing. At the time of the data and safety monitoring board report, which was based on data cutoff date of April 22, 2020, a total of 482 recoveries (exceeding the estimated number of recoveries needed for the trial) and 81 deaths had been entered in the database. At that time, the data and safety monitoring board recommended that the preliminary primary analysis report and mortality data from the closed safety report be provided to trial team members from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). These results were subsequently made public. The treating physician could request to be made aware of the treatment assignment of patients who had not completed day 29 if clinically indicated (e.g., because of worsening clinical status), and patients originally in the placebo group could be given remdesivir.
Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees
COVID 19
Ethnicity
Patients
Physicians
Placebos
remdesivir
Safety
The BG505 (BG505.W6M.ENV.C2) env gene (GenBank accession nos. ABA61516 and DQ208458) is derived from a subtype A T/F virus isolated from a 6-week old, HIV-1-infected infant [28] (link). It has 73% identity to the proposed PG9-sensitive progenitor virus from the PG9 bNAb donor, based on computational analysis of the most recent common ancestor sequence [29] (link). The BG505 gp120 monomer binds PG9, which is unusual given the quaternary nature of the PG9-Env interaction [29] (link). To make the BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 construct, we introduced the following sequence changes (Fig. 1A ): A501C and T605C (gp120-gp41ECTO disulfide bond [5] (link)); I559P in gp41ECTO (trimer-stabilizing [6] (link)); REKR to RRRRRR in gp120 (cleavage enhancement [31] (link)); T332N in gp120 (introduction of epitopes dependent on glycan-332); stop codon at gp41ECTO residue 664 (improvement of homogeneity and solubility [23] (link), [24] (link)). The codon-optimized gene for BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 was obtained from Genscript (Piscataway, NJ) and cloned into pPPI4 using PstI and NotI[5] (link).
Variants of the BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 trimers bearing either a His-tag or a D7324 epitope-tag sequence at the C-terminus of gp41ECTO were also made by adding the amino acid sequences GSGSGGSGHHHHHHHH or GSAPTKAKRRVVQREKR, respectively, after residue 664 in gp41ECTO and preceding the stop codon. These proteins are designated SOSIP.664-His gp140 and SOSIP.664-D7324 gp140. We also made a His-tagged gp140 with the C501 and C605 cysteines replaced by their original residues, and with P559 similarly reverted to the original isoleucine (BG505 WT.664-His gp140). When expressed in the presence of excess furin to ensure efficient precursor cleavage, the absence of the SOS disulfide bond means the gp140 trimer is unstable and dissociates to gp120 and a trimeric form of His-tagged gp41ECTO (BG505 gp41ECTO-His); the latter can be used in a NiNTA-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; see below).
A monomeric BG505 gp120 with a similar sequence to the gp120 components of the gp140 trimers was designed by: introducing a stop codon into the SOSIP.664 construct at residue 512; reverting the optimized cleavage site to wild type (RRRRRR→REKR at residues 508–511); reverting the A501C change; introducing the D7324 epitope into the C5 region (R500K+G507Q); and making a L111A substitution to decrease gp120 dimer formation [29] (link), [63] (link). A slightly modified version of BG505 gp120 that has been described previously [25] (link) was used in DSC experiments. For this modification, the BG505 gp120 gene was cloned downstream of an IgK secretion signal in a phCMV3 plasmid and upstream of a His-tag. The cleavage site was mutated to prevent the His-tag from being cleaved off, leading to the following C-terminal sequence: RAKRRVVGSEKSGHHHHHH.
The BG505 gp160 clone for generating Env-pseudoviruses for neutralization assays has been described elsewhere [29] (link). We modified this clone by inserting the same T332N substitution that is present in the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers, and refer to the resulting virus as BG505.T332N.
Variants of the BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 trimers bearing either a His-tag or a D7324 epitope-tag sequence at the C-terminus of gp41ECTO were also made by adding the amino acid sequences GSGSGGSGHHHHHHHH or GSAPTKAKRRVVQREKR, respectively, after residue 664 in gp41ECTO and preceding the stop codon. These proteins are designated SOSIP.664-His gp140 and SOSIP.664-D7324 gp140. We also made a His-tagged gp140 with the C501 and C605 cysteines replaced by their original residues, and with P559 similarly reverted to the original isoleucine (BG505 WT.664-His gp140). When expressed in the presence of excess furin to ensure efficient precursor cleavage, the absence of the SOS disulfide bond means the gp140 trimer is unstable and dissociates to gp120 and a trimeric form of His-tagged gp41ECTO (BG505 gp41ECTO-His); the latter can be used in a NiNTA-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; see below).
A monomeric BG505 gp120 with a similar sequence to the gp120 components of the gp140 trimers was designed by: introducing a stop codon into the SOSIP.664 construct at residue 512; reverting the optimized cleavage site to wild type (RRRRRR→REKR at residues 508–511); reverting the A501C change; introducing the D7324 epitope into the C5 region (R500K+G507Q); and making a L111A substitution to decrease gp120 dimer formation [29] (link), [63] (link). A slightly modified version of BG505 gp120 that has been described previously [25] (link) was used in DSC experiments. For this modification, the BG505 gp120 gene was cloned downstream of an IgK secretion signal in a phCMV3 plasmid and upstream of a His-tag. The cleavage site was mutated to prevent the His-tag from being cleaved off, leading to the following C-terminal sequence: RAKRRVVGSEKSGHHHHHH.
The BG505 gp160 clone for generating Env-pseudoviruses for neutralization assays has been described elsewhere [29] (link). We modified this clone by inserting the same T332N substitution that is present in the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers, and refer to the resulting virus as BG505.T332N.
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Amino Acid Sequence
Biological Assay
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Clone Cells
Codon
Codon, Terminator
Cysteine
Cytokinesis
Disulfides
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Epitopes
FURIN protein, human
Genes
GP 140
HIV-1
HIV Envelope Protein gp120
HIV Envelope Protein gp160
Infant
Isoleucine
Plasmids
Polysaccharides
Proteins
secretion
Sequence Analysis
Tissue Donors
Virus
Three different algorithms were used to identify patients with RA by using the Medicare claim data from 1994 to 2004: (a) beneficiaries with at least two claims associated with RA (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9 CM] code 714), (b) beneficiaries with at least three claims associated with RA, and (c) beneficiaries with at least two RA claims that were from a rheumatologist and that were separated by at least 7 days. All inpatient, outpatient, and procedure claims such as laboratory or radiologic tests were included. We identified rheumatologists with a Medicare provider specialty code in the database and verified them with the ACR membership directory. A subgroup of patients who filled at least one prescription for DMARDs over a period of 1 year after the RA diagnosis was then identified by using the data from both pharmacy benefit program and claim data for infusions. To compare baseline characteristics of the study subjects, we selected a group of beneficiaries who never had any claims for RA.
After identifying subjects by each of the algorithms, we attempted to obtain consent to review their medical record. First, the PACE program mailed a letter to the groups of subjects identified by our algorithms to inform them that they would be contacted by our research group. A letter that provided details about the study was then sent to the subjects in each of the groups and asked whether they would consent to have the study researchers review their medical records from their physicians, including doctors who treated them for arthritis. Subjects who agreed to participate in the study signed a consent and authorization form for release of medical records. Additionally, subjects were asked to complete a physician information form to identify their primary physicians as well as specialists and their contact information. We then attempted to obtain copies of medical records.
Once we received the medical records, all personal identifiers were removed from the records for protection of patients' privacy. Medical records were reviewed independently by several rheumatologists at Brigham and Women's Hospital. To minimize inter-reviewer variation in data abstraction, a structured data abstraction form was developed and pilot-tested with the principal investigator (DHS). The form included items such as the seven ACR 1987 classification criteria for RA, disease onset, other rheumatologic diagnoses, medications, and laboratory data. On the basis of these data, the reviewers assessed whether a patient met the gold standard definitions of RA: (a) diagnosis of RA by a rheumatologist and (b) fulfillment of the ACR criteria for RA. Any indication in the medical record that the diagnosing rheumatologists thought that the patient had RA at that time was counted as having 'RA diagnosis per rheumatologists'. When the patients were not seen by rheumatologists, 'RA diagnosis per rheumatologists' was made by the reviewers on the basis of the data from their medical records. When the diagnosis of RA was neither documented nor clear in their medical records, the patients were considered non-RA. Areas of disagreement or uncertainty were resolved by consensus. The study period for data collection from medical records lasted from 2004 to 2008.
After identifying subjects by each of the algorithms, we attempted to obtain consent to review their medical record. First, the PACE program mailed a letter to the groups of subjects identified by our algorithms to inform them that they would be contacted by our research group. A letter that provided details about the study was then sent to the subjects in each of the groups and asked whether they would consent to have the study researchers review their medical records from their physicians, including doctors who treated them for arthritis. Subjects who agreed to participate in the study signed a consent and authorization form for release of medical records. Additionally, subjects were asked to complete a physician information form to identify their primary physicians as well as specialists and their contact information. We then attempted to obtain copies of medical records.
Once we received the medical records, all personal identifiers were removed from the records for protection of patients' privacy. Medical records were reviewed independently by several rheumatologists at Brigham and Women's Hospital. To minimize inter-reviewer variation in data abstraction, a structured data abstraction form was developed and pilot-tested with the principal investigator (DHS). The form included items such as the seven ACR 1987 classification criteria for RA, disease onset, other rheumatologic diagnoses, medications, and laboratory data. On the basis of these data, the reviewers assessed whether a patient met the gold standard definitions of RA: (a) diagnosis of RA by a rheumatologist and (b) fulfillment of the ACR criteria for RA. Any indication in the medical record that the diagnosing rheumatologists thought that the patient had RA at that time was counted as having 'RA diagnosis per rheumatologists'. When the patients were not seen by rheumatologists, 'RA diagnosis per rheumatologists' was made by the reviewers on the basis of the data from their medical records. When the diagnosis of RA was neither documented nor clear in their medical records, the patients were considered non-RA. Areas of disagreement or uncertainty were resolved by consensus. The study period for data collection from medical records lasted from 2004 to 2008.
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Antirheumatic Drugs, Disease-Modifying
Arthritis
Diagnosis
Gold
Inpatient
Outpatients
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Physicians
Rheumatologist
Satisfaction
Specialists
Vision
Most recents protocols related to «FURIN protein, human»
The 37th PKO Wrocław Marathon (Wrocław, Poland, 19 September 2019) was organized by the City of Wrocław, Poland. Since the beginning of the run, The PKO Wrocław Marathon has been organized by the city of Wroclaw and is considered one of Poland’s most significant running events. The PKO Wroclaw Marathon takes place annually at the beginning of September. It was sunny day of the marathon, the air temperature during the start was 21 degrees Celsius, humidity 72%, with a wind of 3.3 m/s. At the end of the run, the temperature rose to 24 degrees Celsius, humidity 46%, with a wind of 5 m/s. The data on the running time was obtained from the electronic database of the marathon’s organizers. It included the number of runners who started and finished the run, the personal identification number of the run, and the place and time of the run for each participant of the marathon. The individual runtime registered in the event was automatically measured using a radio frequency identification chip system. Intermediate times every 5 km were measured for the experimental group to analyze their running pace variability accurately. In addition, the heart rate (HR) was recorded using a monitor (Polar RS300X GPS; Finland) to examine each participant during the marathon run.
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DNA Chips
Humidity
Marathon composite resin
Rate, Heart
Wind
The MAST is a well-established stress paradigm which is used in various scientific disciplines ranging from cognitive and social neuroscience to psychology and medical sciences21 (link)–23 (link). The MAST combines social with physical stressors and has been found to reliably induce elevated cortisol levels and subjective ratings of stress. The MAST consists of a 5 min preparation phase and a 10 min acute stress phase (in total 15 min). It is a combination of a Hand Immersion Task (in ice cold water, see below) which induces physical discomfort and a socially evaluative aspect, involving being judged on a Mental Arithmetic Task and being filmed throughout the whole task, which induces social stress. Hand Immersion and Mental Arithmetic trials are presented alternatingly and with varying lengths (see Fig. 1 b). It is important to note that while participants were under the impression of being filmed by means of a visible camera set up, no actual recordings were made for privacy reasons. The MAST control condition consists of immersing a hand in lukewarm water and conducting a far simpler mental arithmetic task without social evaluation.
Figure1 b presents an overview of the MAST procedure. The 5 min preparation period served to seat participants in front of a computer screen and instruct them about the upcoming task via a PowerPoint presentation. Participants were informed about the Hand Immersion task, the Mental Arithmetic Task, and that they were going to be monitored by the experimenter as well as videotaped so as to later analyze their facial expressions.
For the Hand Immersion Task, participants were instructed to immerse their hand up to and including the wrist in ice-cold water (temperature at the start of the session (degrees Celsius): M = 2.24, SD = 0.55; temperature at the end of the session: M = 2.92; SD = 0.7) while they were being videotaped and closely monitored by an experimenter who displayed a lack of empathy, by keeping a neutral facial expression in spite of the participants’ discomfort. It was made clear that participants were allowed to withdraw their hand at any time (n = 6 participants made use of this option; results in online Appendix3 show that the main findings are robust to exclusion of these participants).
The Mental Arithmetic Task consisted of counting backwards starting at 2043 in steps of 17 as fast and accurately as possible. Also during this mental arithmetic task, participants were led to believe that they were videotaped. Each time they made a mistake, they were given negative feedback (the experimenter verbally pointed out they made a mistake) and were requested to start over at 2043.
The control condition was identical to the experimental condition, except that there was no camera present, participants were told that the water was lukewarm (temperature at the start of the session (degrees Celsius): M = 35.21, SD = 1.69; temperature at the end of the session: M = 32.27; SD = 1.75), and the arithmetic task consisted of counting from 1 to 25 at their own pace starting anew at 1 when 25 was reached. The experimenter remained in the room to check participants’ compliance with the instructions, but participants were not given any feedback on their performance.
Figure
For the Hand Immersion Task, participants were instructed to immerse their hand up to and including the wrist in ice-cold water (temperature at the start of the session (degrees Celsius): M = 2.24, SD = 0.55; temperature at the end of the session: M = 2.92; SD = 0.7) while they were being videotaped and closely monitored by an experimenter who displayed a lack of empathy, by keeping a neutral facial expression in spite of the participants’ discomfort. It was made clear that participants were allowed to withdraw their hand at any time (n = 6 participants made use of this option; results in online Appendix
The Mental Arithmetic Task consisted of counting backwards starting at 2043 in steps of 17 as fast and accurately as possible. Also during this mental arithmetic task, participants were led to believe that they were videotaped. Each time they made a mistake, they were given negative feedback (the experimenter verbally pointed out they made a mistake) and were requested to start over at 2043.
The control condition was identical to the experimental condition, except that there was no camera present, participants were told that the water was lukewarm (temperature at the start of the session (degrees Celsius): M = 35.21, SD = 1.69; temperature at the end of the session: M = 32.27; SD = 1.75), and the arithmetic task consisted of counting from 1 to 25 at their own pace starting anew at 1 when 25 was reached. The experimenter remained in the room to check participants’ compliance with the instructions, but participants were not given any feedback on their performance.
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Cognition
Cold Temperature
Hydrocortisone
Ice
Physical Examination
Submersion
Wrist
The current study was part of a larger heart rate variability biofeedback intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03458910)30 (link). Healthy participants without serious medical conditions participated in the seven-week study after providing informed consent approved by University of Southern California’s Institutional Review Board. The current report focuses on the 54 younger and 54 older adults who had blood samples available at both pre and post intervention. Recruiters, blind to condition assignment, allocated participants in waves of around 20 to small groups of 3–6 people such that each group could visit the lab on a common weekly schedule. Each group was randomly assigned to either the Osc+ or Osc− condition. Both conditions involved 20–40 min of daily home practice of HRV biofeedback with opposite goals. Osc+ participants were instructed to maximize their heart rate oscillations using slow paced breathing, while Osc− participants were instructed to minimize their heart rate oscillations using individualized strategies. We had Osc+ participants try five different breathing cycles from 9 to 13 s per breath and selected the pace that produced the largest amplitude oscillations at the breathing frequency (as indicated by spectral power at around that frequency), suggesting resonance between the baroreflex and breathing. For instance, if an Osc+ participant’s resonance frequency appeared to be 10 s (or 0.1 Hz) on the basis of high heart rate oscillations when breathing at that frequency, the participant was guided to inhale for 5 s and exhale for 5 s during their home practice sessions. For Osc- participants, we had them try out a set of self-generated strategies to reduce heart rate oscillations. Their proposed strategies included imagining natural scenes, listening to calming sounds, and closing eyes. Among the strategies, we selected the one whose frequency power was spread over the broad range of frequencies without a dominant frequency peak. Participants in both groups received feedback using performance scores which were calculated to reflect the opposite goals of the two conditions.
The whole study consisted of seven weekly visits. We collected baseline measurements during Week 1 and 2 visits and post-intervention measures during Week 6 and 7 visits. After Week 2 baseline measurements, participants were introduced to biofeedback training and took home a laptop computer connected with an ear sensor which measured their heartbeats and displayed real-time heart rate biofeedback on the screen. Participants were asked to practice their assigned intervention technique at home for at least 20 min every day from Week 2 until Week 7. The whole intervention lasted for 5 weeks from Week 2 through Week 7. However, we collected blood samples in Weeks 1 and 6. Since the intervention began on Week 2 and post-intervention blood draw took place on Week 6, the intervention effects on plasma Aβ and tau levels are based on 4 weeks of practice (Fig.2 ). Upon completion of the study, participants were paid for their time and performance. The sample size for the intervention study was determined to detect medium effect size differences between the two groups. While we aimed for 100 younger and 100 older adults, a total of 106 younger and 56 older adults completed the whole HRV biofeedback intervention sessions lasting from Week 1 through Week 7. The number of younger participants from whom we collected blood samples was half of those who completed the whole study, because the blood collection setup was implemented halfway through the collecting of younger adult data. Due to Covid19, data collection for older adults was terminated before reaching the goal of 100. This yielded a final sample of 54 older and 54 younger participants available for plasma assays at both pre- and post-intervention (Fig. 3 ).![]()
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The whole study consisted of seven weekly visits. We collected baseline measurements during Week 1 and 2 visits and post-intervention measures during Week 6 and 7 visits. After Week 2 baseline measurements, participants were introduced to biofeedback training and took home a laptop computer connected with an ear sensor which measured their heartbeats and displayed real-time heart rate biofeedback on the screen. Participants were asked to practice their assigned intervention technique at home for at least 20 min every day from Week 2 until Week 7. The whole intervention lasted for 5 weeks from Week 2 through Week 7. However, we collected blood samples in Weeks 1 and 6. Since the intervention began on Week 2 and post-intervention blood draw took place on Week 6, the intervention effects on plasma Aβ and tau levels are based on 4 weeks of practice (Fig.
Weekly lab visit schedule. Schedules from Week 3 to 5 were not included because the visits were irrelevant to the measures reported in the current study. Detailed descriptions for each week can be found in the main outcome report of the intervention30 (link).
Flow chart. The phlebotomy took place for a subset of the total participants. The whole intervention had 15 dropouts for younger adults (7 Osc+, 8 Osc−) and 16 dropouts including 6 Covid-induced study halts for older adults (9 Osc+, 7 Osc−). Among 6 Covid-halted cases (all older adults), three participants were included for plasma assays because they completed up to Week 6 sessions including phlebotomy.
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Aged
AIM-100
Baroreflex
Biofeedback
Biological Assay
Blindness
BLOOD
COVID 19
Ethics Committees, Research
Eye
Healthy Volunteers
Inhalation
Phlebotomy
Plasma
Pulse Rate
Rate, Heart
Sound
Vibration
Young Adult
Youth
The SOC arm will receive MoodMission, an App-based program effective in the treatment of moderate depression and anxiety in adults and increasing their well-being [27 (link)–30 (link)]. MoodMission uses an adaptive learning algorithm based on self-reported level of distress during prior engagement. Based on this algorithm, participants are provided with five targeted cognitive-behavioral therapy strategies to build self-efficacy. Compared to BEAM, this self-paced generalized service is not tailored to the complex needs faced by parents and lacks coaching, social support, and parenting skills development. MoodMission was chosen as the SOC because it has been rigorously studied using RCTs [27 (link)–30 (link)]. Those in the MoodMission group will work through program content on the App at their own pace.
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Acclimatization
Adult
Anxiety
Cognitive Therapy
Parent
The anthropometric characteristics were recorded as described by Stavrou et al. (16 (link)). Tanita MC-980 (Arlington Heights, IL, USA) was used for body composition assessment. We performed the 6MWT, as described in the ATS guidelines, to assess the functional status of the patients (17 (link)). The parameters O2 saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR) (Nonin 9590 Onyx Vantage, USA), blood pressure (Mac, Tokyo, Japan), and self-assessed lower limb fatigue and dyspnea (via Borg Scale CR-10) (18 (link)) were recorded at predetermined time-points of the 6MWT (16 (link)). The handgrip strength test was performed using an electronic dynamometer (Camry EH 101, South El Monte, CA, USA) (19 (link)). Patients were asked to perform as many repetitions as possible at a self-regulated pace (safe and comfortable) from a sitting-to-standing position while the arms were crossed at the shoulders so as not to use them as support to assess lower limb strength (30-s Sit-to-Stand test) (20 (link)). Blood sampling of 10 mL peripheral venous blood for the determination of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs test, free radical analytical system, FRAS5, Parma, Italy) was performed 20 min before physical fitness tests (21 (link)). Pulmonary function tests were performed according to the ATS/ERS guidelines (22 (link)) in the sitting position using a MasterScreen-CPX pneumotachograph (VIASYS HealthCare, Germany). Prior to physical fitness tests, all patients answered questionnaires to measure the quality and patterns of sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (23 (link)), cognitive impairment was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (24 (link)), STOP-Bang for stratification for obstructive sleep apnea risk (25 (link)), and (iv) work ability index (WAI) to investigate the ability to return to work without restrictions (26 ).
A stationary seated bike (Toorx, Chrono Line, BRX R 300) with bluetooth capabilities was used for the measurements. It was connected to the VR application, the Meta Quest 2 (Facebook Technologies, LCC, Hacker Way, Menlo Park, CA, USA) device headset and controllers, and a computer (27 (link)). This VR training system is called VRADA (VR exercise App for Dementia and Alzheimer's patients) version 4.1 and has been developed by ORAMA-VR and Biomechanical Solutions Engineering based on interviews with older people with mild cognitive impairment. The application of the VR training system includes cognitive exercises with simple math calculations and requests users to observe and count animals that appear in their VR to enhance cognitive health and motivational techniques to address the issue of low motivation for exercise. The system gives an opportunity for each participant to choose their exercise duration, landscape in which they will cycle (forest, beach, or snowy landscape), motivating words that they want to hear during their performance (“Calmly,” “I can,” “I will do it well,” “Very nice,” or no words) and the music to enjoy while cycling. VR controllers with raycast were used as a selection mechanism that allows the user to select an answer by pointing the ray at the button and pressing the trigger button at the controller. Moreover, participants received feedback during their performance, such as indications about cycling time, distance, and speed, and could self-monitor their performance using screen-provided data. They were requested to cycle at a constant speed of between 15 and 20 km/h1. Simultaneously, speed and distance were recorded every 45 s. At the end of the cycling procedure, participants were informed their scores in math questions, the distance they covered, and they were asked to answer four more questions assessing if they were tired, if they liked the way they exercised, how many animals they saw, and if they repeated the motivational word. In this study, all participants performed the exercise in the forest.
The HR, SpO2, and self-assessment of lower limb fatigue and dyspnea were performed before and at the end of each exercise condition (VR, no-VR, SSE-VR, and 6MWT) for each patient.
A stationary seated bike (Toorx, Chrono Line, BRX R 300) with bluetooth capabilities was used for the measurements. It was connected to the VR application, the Meta Quest 2 (Facebook Technologies, LCC, Hacker Way, Menlo Park, CA, USA) device headset and controllers, and a computer (27 (link)). This VR training system is called VRADA (VR exercise App for Dementia and Alzheimer's patients) version 4.1 and has been developed by ORAMA-VR and Biomechanical Solutions Engineering based on interviews with older people with mild cognitive impairment. The application of the VR training system includes cognitive exercises with simple math calculations and requests users to observe and count animals that appear in their VR to enhance cognitive health and motivational techniques to address the issue of low motivation for exercise. The system gives an opportunity for each participant to choose their exercise duration, landscape in which they will cycle (forest, beach, or snowy landscape), motivating words that they want to hear during their performance (“Calmly,” “I can,” “I will do it well,” “Very nice,” or no words) and the music to enjoy while cycling. VR controllers with raycast were used as a selection mechanism that allows the user to select an answer by pointing the ray at the button and pressing the trigger button at the controller. Moreover, participants received feedback during their performance, such as indications about cycling time, distance, and speed, and could self-monitor their performance using screen-provided data. They were requested to cycle at a constant speed of between 15 and 20 km/h1. Simultaneously, speed and distance were recorded every 45 s. At the end of the cycling procedure, participants were informed their scores in math questions, the distance they covered, and they were asked to answer four more questions assessing if they were tired, if they liked the way they exercised, how many animals they saw, and if they repeated the motivational word. In this study, all participants performed the exercise in the forest.
The HR, SpO2, and self-assessment of lower limb fatigue and dyspnea were performed before and at the end of each exercise condition (VR, no-VR, SSE-VR, and 6MWT) for each patient.
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Animals
Arm, Upper
BLOOD
Blood Pressure
Body Composition
Cognition
Cognitive Impairments, Mild
Dementia
Disorders, Cognitive
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Forests
Free Radicals
Hearing
Lower Extremity
Medical Devices
Motivation
Oximetry
Oxygen
Patients
Precipitating Factors
Rate, Heart
Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen
Self-Assessment
Shoulder
Sleep
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
Snow
Tests, Pulmonary Function
Veins
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More about "FURIN protein, human"
Furin, also known as PACE and PCSK3, is a crucial proprotein convertase enzyme that plays a vital role in the activation and processing of a wide range of protein precursors.
This versatile enzyme is essential for proper cell signaling, development, and homeostasis.
Researchers studying Furin can leverage advanced tools like PubCompare.ai to identify the most effective research methods and products, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their work.
Furin is involved in the proteolytic processing of numerous substrates, including growth factors, receptors, and even viral proteins.
Its enzymatic activity is crucial for the activation and maturation of these important biomolecules.
Understanding Furin's role and regulation is a key focus for scientists working in fields such as cell biology, developmental biology, and virology.
To study Furin, researchers may utilize various cell lines and experimental techniques.
Expi293F cells, a human embryonic kidney cell line, are commonly used for Furin expression and activity studies.
Lipofectamine 2000, a transfection reagent, can be employed to efficiently introduce Furin-related constructs into these cells.
Downstream analyses may involve techniques like MATLAB-based image processing, C-Pace EP systems for electrophysiological measurements, and the use of cell culture media like DMEM supplemented with FBS.
In the context of viral research, Furin's role in the activation of viral proteins, such as those found in Vero E6 cells, is an area of intense investigation.
Researchers can explore the impact of Furin on viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their Furin-related studies, identify the most effective protocols and products, and enhance the overall quality and reproducibility of their findings.
This innovative approach to scientific discovery can contribute to a deeper understanding of Furin's multifaceted roles and unlock new avenues for advancement in various biomedical fields.
This versatile enzyme is essential for proper cell signaling, development, and homeostasis.
Researchers studying Furin can leverage advanced tools like PubCompare.ai to identify the most effective research methods and products, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their work.
Furin is involved in the proteolytic processing of numerous substrates, including growth factors, receptors, and even viral proteins.
Its enzymatic activity is crucial for the activation and maturation of these important biomolecules.
Understanding Furin's role and regulation is a key focus for scientists working in fields such as cell biology, developmental biology, and virology.
To study Furin, researchers may utilize various cell lines and experimental techniques.
Expi293F cells, a human embryonic kidney cell line, are commonly used for Furin expression and activity studies.
Lipofectamine 2000, a transfection reagent, can be employed to efficiently introduce Furin-related constructs into these cells.
Downstream analyses may involve techniques like MATLAB-based image processing, C-Pace EP systems for electrophysiological measurements, and the use of cell culture media like DMEM supplemented with FBS.
In the context of viral research, Furin's role in the activation of viral proteins, such as those found in Vero E6 cells, is an area of intense investigation.
Researchers can explore the impact of Furin on viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their Furin-related studies, identify the most effective protocols and products, and enhance the overall quality and reproducibility of their findings.
This innovative approach to scientific discovery can contribute to a deeper understanding of Furin's multifaceted roles and unlock new avenues for advancement in various biomedical fields.