Four commercial enzymatic mixtures were used in these experiments: Accelerase, the b-glucosidase Novozyme 188 (Novozymes, Cambridge, MA, batch no. 058K1144), Multifect Xylanase (Genencor, batch no. 4900805391), and Multifect Pectinase (Genencor, batch no. 4010833580). Enzyme concentrations were determined by nitrogen analysis using a Skalar Primacs SN Total Nitrogen Analyser (Breda, The Netherlands), which uses the Dumas method of combusting all nitrogen to NOx. Enzyme loading varied between 5 to 20 mg/g biomass for Accelerase and 0 to 10 mg/g biomass for the other enzyme mixtures. A total of 48 hydrolysis experiments were run for each type of switchgrass, representing 25 different enzyme combinations determined using the Box-Behnken method [19 (link)]. Hydrolysis was performed in the manner stated above. Results were analysed with Minitab 15 using response surface methodology to determine the importance of each type of enzyme in releasing sugars.
Glucosidase
These enzymes play a key role in various biological processes, including digestion, energy production, and glycosylation.
Glucosidases are found in a wide range of organisms, from microbes to plants and animals, and have diverse applications in fields such as biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.
Understanding the function and regulation of glucosidases is crucial for developing effective treatments for metabolic disorders, optimizing biofuel production, and enhancing crop yields.
Reseachers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to streamline their glucosidase research, locate the best protocols, and enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
Most cited protocols related to «Glucosidase»
Four commercial enzymatic mixtures were used in these experiments: Accelerase, the b-glucosidase Novozyme 188 (Novozymes, Cambridge, MA, batch no. 058K1144), Multifect Xylanase (Genencor, batch no. 4900805391), and Multifect Pectinase (Genencor, batch no. 4010833580). Enzyme concentrations were determined by nitrogen analysis using a Skalar Primacs SN Total Nitrogen Analyser (Breda, The Netherlands), which uses the Dumas method of combusting all nitrogen to NOx. Enzyme loading varied between 5 to 20 mg/g biomass for Accelerase and 0 to 10 mg/g biomass for the other enzyme mixtures. A total of 48 hydrolysis experiments were run for each type of switchgrass, representing 25 different enzyme combinations determined using the Box-Behnken method [19 (link)]. Hydrolysis was performed in the manner stated above. Results were analysed with Minitab 15 using response surface methodology to determine the importance of each type of enzyme in releasing sugars.
Each protein was protonated using the predicted pKa of the titratable residues at a physiological pH of 7.4 using an online server “Playmolecule proteinPrepare” (
Using Autodock Tools program (
To be included in our data set, articles had to meet several requirements. First, we only considered experiments that lasted at least 1 year. Second, control and N addition treatments had to be applied at the same experimental site; that is, the microclimate, vegetation, and soil types were similar between treatments. Third, SDs and replicates had to be reported or could be derived from the results. Fourth, details on N addition methods (rate, frequency, form, and duration) had to be provided. We identified 40 studies that met these criteria, and 9 of these studies reported soil C data from the matching studies (see Supplementary Materials and Methods and data S1).
For each study, we recorded LME activity and cellulase activity (see Supplementary Materials and Methods and table S1), site location (longitude and latitude) and climatic variables (MAP and MAT), elevation, BND, vegetation and soil types, and N addition methods (rate, duration, frequency, and form of N addition). If these data were not reported, we contacted the corresponding author for more information. Otherwise, we obtained MAT and MAP from the WorldClim database (
The details of the model construction has been described elsewhere [67 (link)]. The prepared protein structures were taken from previous work [68 (link)]. The 3D structures of selected ligands were downloaded from the PubChem database (
The dried and matured plant parts of thirty Korean medicinal herbs were obtained from “Korean Collection of Herbal Extracts” a Biotech company in Korea. A collection of voucher specimen is available with the company (Korea Collection of Herbal Extracts, 2000).
Extraction
The dried plant parts individually were chopped into small pieces and pulverized into a fine powder. The powdered plant materials (100 g, dry weight) were kept for extensive decoction in 80% methanol for 3 days at room temperature. The extracts were then concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator at 20-30°C to obtain the dried crude extracts.
Reagents
α-Glucosidase (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae type I) and 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other commercially available reagents and solvents were used as received.
α-Glucosidase assay
The enzyme inhibition activity for α-glucosidase was evaluated according to the method previously reported by Shibano et al. (7 (link)) with minor modifications. The reaction mixture consisted of 50 μL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (with pH of 7.0), 25 μL of 0.5 mM 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, with pH of 7.0), 10 μL of test sample and 25 μL of α-glucosidase solution (a stock solution of 1 mg/mL in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, with pH of 7.0 was diluted to 0.1 Unit/mL with the same buffer, with pH of 7.0 just before assay). This reaction mixture was then incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Then, the reaction was terminated by the addition of 100 μL of 0.2 M sodium carbonate solution. The enzymatic hydrolysis of substrate was monitored by the amount of p-nitrophenol released in the reaction mixture at 410 nm using microplate reader. Individual blanks were prepared for correcting the background absorbance, where the enzymes were replaced with buffer. Controls were conducted in an identical manner replacing the plant extracts with methanol. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose was used as positive control. All experiments were carried out in triplicates. The inhibition percentage of α-glucosidase was assessed by the following formula:
I α-glucosidase% = 100 X (ΔAControl - ΔASample) / ΔAControlΔAControl = ΔATest - ΔABlankΔASample = ΔATest - ΔABlankStatistical analyses
All assays were performed at least three times with triplicate samples. All results are expressed as mean ± SD. IC50 values were only determined for the plant extracts with inhibition ≥ 50% at 5 mg/mL by plotting a percent inhibition versus concentration curve, in which the concentration of sample required for 50% inhibition was determined and expressed as IC50 value.
Most recents protocols related to «Glucosidase»
Example 8
This example provides an alternative in vitro activity assay for SGSH-Fc fusion proteins. The assay is adapted from Karpova et al., J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 19:278-285 (1996).
The standard reaction mixtures consisted of 10-15 μg of protein and 20 μL MU-α-GlcNS (5 or 10 mmol/L, respectively) in Michaelis' barbital sodium acetate buffer, pH 6.5 (29 mmol/L sodium barbital, 29 mmol/L sodium acetate, 0.68% (w/v) NaCl, 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide; adjusted to pH 6.5 with HCl) and the reaction mixtures were incubated for 17 h at 37° C. MU-α-GcNS is available from Moscerdam Substrates. After the first incubation, 6 μl twice-concentrated McIlvain's phosphate/citrate buffer, pH 6.7, containing 0.02% sodium azide and 10 μl (0.1 U) yeast a-glucosidase (Sigma) in water were added and a second incubation of 24 h at 37° C. was carried out. Long incubations at 37° C. (17-24 h) were carried out in 96-well plates which were sealed airtight with broad sticky tape, limiting evaporation to <15%. Next, 200 μL 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3/NaHCO3, pH 10.7, was added, and the fluorescence of the released 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) was measured on a Fluoroskan (Titertek) fluorimeter. Protein was determined as described previously (van Diggelen et al., Clin. Chim. Acta., 187:131-139 (1990)).
absorption of monosaccharides, the α-glucosidase enzyme reaction of
the extracts was evaluated according to the methods developed by Kim et al. (2021) (link) and Si et al. (2010) (link). Briefly, 50-μL
aliquots of HE, HWE, and EE were mixed with 50 μL of
α-glucosidase (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) in 50 μL of
200 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5; Sigma-Aldrich). The mixtures were
incubated at 37°C for 10 min before adding 3 mM p-nitrophenyl
α-D-glucopyranoside (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) as a
substrate and continuing the reaction at 37°C for 10 min. The
reaction was stopped by adding 750 μL of 0.1 M
Na2CO3 and centrifuged at 12,000×g and
4°C for 10 min. The supernatant was transferred to a 96-well
microtiter plate, and the absorbance at 405 nm was measured with a
microplate spectrophotometer (Epoch, BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) to measure
the p-nitrophenol released from the substrate. α-Glucosidase
inhibitory activity was calculated as follows:
where A is the absorbance of sample, and B is the absorbance of control.
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More about "Glucosidase"
These versatile enzymes are found in a wide range of organisms, including microbes, plants, and animals, and are essential for various biological processes such as digestion, energy production, and glycosylation.
Understanding the function and regulation of glucosidases is of great importance in several fields, including biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.
Researchers can leverage the AI-driven platform of PubCompare.ai to streamline their glucosidase research, locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their experiments.
Glucosidases can be further categorized into α-glucosidases and β-glucosidases, based on the stereospecificity of the glycosidic bond they target.
These enzymes have diverse applications, such as in the production of biofuels, the development of treatments for metabolic disorders, and the optimization of crop yields.
To explore glucosidase research in depth, researchers can utilize techniques like Q SEPHAROSE® High Performance column chromatography, which is commonly used for the purification and characterization of these enzymes.
Additionally, the use of α-amylase, Acarbose, and Pepsin can provide insights into the interactions and inhibition mechanisms of glucosidases.
Cutting-edge tools like Cellic® CTec2, SpectraMax M5, and Synergy H1 can further enhance the analysis and optimization of glucosidase activities, while DPPH assays can be employed to assess the antioxidant properties of these enzymes.
By leveraging the comprehensive resources and AI-driven capabilities of PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their glucosidase research, access the best protocols, and improve the reproducibility and accuracy of their findings, ultimately advancing our understanding and applications of these versatile enzymes.