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> Chemicals & Drugs > Amino Acid > Homocysteine

Homocysteine

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes.
It is an intermediary product in the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine and is involved in the remethylation and transsulfuration pathways.
Elevated levels of homocysteine, a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia, have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and other health issues.
Understanding the regulation and function of homocysteine is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to address these conditions.
Rsearch in this field aims to elucidate the complex biochemical pathways and genetic factors that influence homocysteine levels, as well as explore novel interventions to optimize homocysteine metabolism and promote overall health.

Most cited protocols related to «Homocysteine»

1
Determinants of Health in Central and Eastern Europe
Cited 41 times
To investigate the determinants of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic conditions in Central and Eastern Europe, we are conducting a prospective cohort study in Russia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Lithuania. The study will investigate the following specific hypotheses:
• Socioeconomic factors are key determinants of health in CEE/FSU; we will examine the pathways involved in their action, including factors hypothesised below.
• Psychosocial factors, both at individual and population level, are related to CVD and other non-communicable diseases.
• Low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and their nutrient biomarkers are associated with increased risk of CVD;
• Binge drinking and heavy alcohol consumption are related to all-cause mortality, CVD and injury;
• Elevated concentration of homocysteine and low levels of folate and related B vitamins are associated with increased risk of CVD;
• Interactions between different groups of risk factors, in particular between heavy drinking and folate deficiency, and between the MTHFR genotype and folate deficiency, are associated with CVD.
In addition to these specific hypotheses, the study will also investigate several more general questions:
• The role of childhood socioeconomic circumstances and biological markers of their effects, such as leg length and lung functions, in the risk of CVD and other conditions in adulthood;
• Biological, social, economic and psychosocial determinants of healthy ageing (cognitive function, physical functioning, and quality of life of elderly persons);
• Genetic predictors and non-conventional biomarkers of CVD and other chronic diseases.
Peasey A., Bobak M., Kubinova R., Malyutina S., Pajak A., Tamosiunas A., Pikhart H., Nicholson A, & Marmot M. (2006). Determinants of cardiovascular disease and other non-communicable diseases in Central and Eastern Europe: Rationale and design of the HAPIEE study. BMC Public Health, 6, 255.
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Publication 2006
Aged Biological Markers Biopharmaceuticals Birth Cardiovascular Diseases Chronic Condition Cognition Disease, Chronic Folate Folic Acid Deficiency Fruit Genotype Homocysteine Injuries Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Noncommunicable Diseases Nutrients Physical Examination Respiratory Physiology Vegetables Vitamins
2
Maternal and Infant Health Cohort
Cited 22 times
START has been granted ethical approval locally from the Research Ethics Board, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster Health Sciences (REB#: 10-640) and in India, Institutional Ethics Review Board Reference #: 114/2010). In both countries, pregnant mothers are recruited during their antenatal visits (1st or 2nd trimester) to their primary care practitioner or obstetrician. The study is described by the study personnel to the pregnant mothers and consent for participation is obtained. Information concerning medical and pregnancy history, health status, health behaviors, and socioeconomic status is obtained by questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfold thickness), blood pressure, urine sample, and a fasting blood sample for glucose, insulin, micronutrients (i.e. vitamin B12, RBC folate, plasma homocysteine, methylmalonic acid MMA), lipids and a buffy coat for future DNA extraction will be collected, and processed using a standardized protocol at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Mothers who are not known to have diabetes will undergo a 75 oral glucose tolerance test between 24-28 weeks gestation. The results of an ultrasound performed between 18-24 weeks to assess for congenital anomalies and for precise determination of gestational age will be collected from each pregnant mother. At the time of delivery, details of the delivery, birth outcomes for the mother and baby will be collected, and a cord blood sample for DNA, glucose, insulin, lipids and additional aliquots for future analysis of adiponectin, and leptin will be taken from each baby. The placenta will be weighed, and where possible a biopsy of the placenta will be collected and stored in RNAlater for future analysis of RNA and methylation patterns. In addition, the infant’s anthropometry including birth weight, triceps and sub-scapular skin fold thickness, length, abdominal, head, and arm circumference will be measured by a trained research assistant.
Anand S.S., Vasudevan A., Gupta M., Morrison K., Kurpad A., Teo K.K, & Srinivasan K. (2013). Rationale and design of South Asian Birth Cohort (START): a Canada-India collaborative study. BMC Public Health, 13, 79.
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Publication 2013
Abdomen Adiponectin Biopsy Birth Birth Weight Blood Glucose Blood Pressure Cobalamins Congenital Abnormality Diabetes Mellitus DNA, A-Form Folate Gestational Age Glucose Head Homocysteine Infant Insulin Leptin Lipids Methylation Methylmalonic Acid Micronutrients Mothers Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Placenta Plasma Pregnancy Primary Health Care Scapula Skinfold Thickness Ultrasonography Umbilical Cord Blood Urine
3
Ischemic Stroke Aetiology and Prognosis
Cited 21 times
The primary objectives of the CNSR-III were to establish Chinese ischaemic cerebrovascular disease aetiology classification cohort based on standard diagnosis procedures, identify imaging and biological markers for prognosis of the patients with ischaemic stroke and further establish the predictive model of stroke recurrence based on imaging and biological markers in ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases. The secondary objectives included evaluation of the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD), abnormal glucose regulation, oxidative stress, homocysteine, intestinal flora, heart rate variability and outcome of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases and its subtypes.
Wang Y., Jing J., Meng X., Pan Y., Wang Y., Zhao X., Lin J., Li W., Jiang Y., Li Z., Zhang X., Yang X., Ji R., Wang C., Wang Z., Han X., Wu S., Jia Z., Chen Y, & Li H. (2019). The Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III) for patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: design, rationale and baseline patient characteristics. Stroke and Vascular Neurology, 4(3), 158-164.
Publication 2019
Biological Markers Cerebrovascular Accident Cerebrovascular Disorders Chinese Chronic Kidney Diseases Glucose Homocysteine Intestinal Microbiome Oxidative Stress Patients Prognosis Rate, Heart Recurrence Stroke, Ischemic Tests, Diagnostic
4
B-Vitamins for Osteoporosis Prevention
Cited 16 times
The B-PROOF study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel intervention study. B-PROOF is an acronym for 'B-vitamins for the PRevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures'. This large multi-centre project is carried out in The Netherlands by a consortium from Erasmus MC (EMC, Rotterdam), VU University Medical Center (VUmc, Amsterdam) and Wageningen University (WU, Wageningen), the latter acting as coordinator. The study aimed to include 3000 subjects, aged 65 years and older, with elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations (≥ 12 μmol/L). The intervention period is 2 years. Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group or to the control group. We stratified for study centre, sex, age (65-80 years, ≥ 80 years), and homocysteine concentration (12-18 μmol/L, ≥ 18 μmol/L). The intervention group receives a daily tablet with 500 μg vitamin B12 and 400 μg folic acid and the control group receives a daily placebo tablet. Both tablets contain 15 μg (600 IU) of vitamin D3 to ensure a normal vitamin D status [35 (link)]. The intervention and placebo tablets, produced by Orthica, Almere, the Netherlands, are indistinguishable in taste, smell and appearance. The random allocation sequence and randomization were generated and performed using SAS 9.2 by an independent research dietician.
Recruitment took place from August 2008 until March 2011. The B-PROOF study has been registered with the Netherlands Trial Register http://www.trialregister.nl under identifier NTR 1333 since June 1, 2008 and with ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT00696514 since June 9, 2008. The WU Medical Ethics Committee approved the study protocol, and the Medical Ethics committees of EMC and VUmc gave approval for local feasibility.
van Wijngaarden J.P., Dhonukshe-Rutten R.A., van Schoor N.M., van der Velde N., Swart K.M., Enneman A.W., van Dijk S.C., Brouwer-Brolsma E.M., Zillikens M.C., van Meurs J.B., Brug J., Uitterlinden A.G., Lips P, & de Groot L.C. (2011). Rationale and design of the B-PROOF study, a randomized controlled trial on the effect of supplemental intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid on fracture incidence. BMC Geriatrics, 11, 80.
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Publication 2011
Cholecalciferol Dietitian Ergocalciferol Ethics Committees Folic Acid Fracture, Bone Homocysteine Placebos Plasma Sense of Smell Taste Vitamin B12 Vitamin B Complex
5
Homocysteine-Lowering Treatment and Systolic BP
Cited 13 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2018
Folic Acid Homocysteine Placebos Pyridoxine Systole Systolic Pressure

Most recents protocols related to «Homocysteine»

1
Acute Homocystinuria Model in Primates
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

The objective of this study was to develop an acute model of homocystinuria in nonhuman primates. Male cynomolgus monkeys of approximately 2-5 years of age (average weight of 3.4 kg) were fasted overnight and orally administered a methionine load at 100 or 300 mg/kg, and plasma was collected at 0-, 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 24-hours post-dose for methionine and total homocysteine measurements by LC-MS/MS.

Oral administration of methionine (100 or 300 mg/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in plasma methionine levels, with peak concentration recorded at 30 minutes and 1 hour post dose for 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively (FIG. 16A). Plasma methionine concentrations gradually decreased over time and reached pre-dose levels by 24 hours. The oral methionine load also resulted in a significant elevation in total plasma homocysteine by 30 minutes post dose, but no statistically significant difference between groups was noted (FIG. 16B). By 24 hours, total homocysteine levels had returned to baseline values for both groups. In conclusion, this study indicates that oral administration of a methionine load to nonhuman primates leads to acute homocystinuria.

US11859189B2. Recombinant bacteria engineered to treat diseases associated with methionine metabolism and methods of use thereof (2024-01-02). Synlogic Operating Company, Inc. [US], Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Dylan Alexander Carlin [US], Vincent M. Isabella [US], Jonathan McMurry [US], Theodore Carlton Moore, III [US], Mylene Perreault [US], Nathan Schmidt [US], Mark Simon [US].
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Patent 2024
Administration, Oral Homocysteine Homocystinuria Macaca fascicularis Males Methionine Plasma Primates Tandem Mass Spectrometry
2
Methionine Enterorecirculation and SYNB1353 Consumption
Not available on PMC !

Example 13

The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether enterorecirculation of methionine occurs, and (2) whether orally-administered SYNB1353 can consume peripherally administered (IP) labeled methionine in mice.

In a first study, healthy male C57BL/6 mice (n=3/group) were fasted overnight and received a single IP dose of D4-methionine (100 mg/kg). Blood and gut effluents (SI, cecum or colon) were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 hours post dosing for D4-methionine measurements. Results shown in FIGS. 19A-19D indicate that there is enterorecirculation of methionine from the plasma into the gut.

In a second study, healthy male C57BL/6 mice (n=10-18/group) were fasted overnight and received a single IP dose of D4-Met (100 mg/kg) followed by 2 doses of SYNB1353 PO 0.5 and 1.5 hours later. Blood and urine were collected for D4-Met, D4-tHcy and D4-3-MTP measurements. Results are shown in FIGS. 20A-20C and illustrate that SYNB1353 is capable of consuming peripherally-administered labeled methionine and blunts plasma labeled methionine and labeled homocysteine levels.

US11859189B2. Recombinant bacteria engineered to treat diseases associated with methionine metabolism and methods of use thereof (2024-01-02). Synlogic Operating Company, Inc. [US], Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Dylan Alexander Carlin [US], Vincent M. Isabella [US], Jonathan McMurry [US], Theodore Carlton Moore, III [US], Mylene Perreault [US], Nathan Schmidt [US], Mark Simon [US].
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Patent 2024
BLOOD Cecum Colon Escherichia coli Figs Homocysteine Males Methionine Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Plasma Strains Urine
3
Comprehensive Coagulation Profile of Surgical Patients
The following coagulation assays (reagent and unit in parenthesis) in citrated (3.2%) plasma were analyzed at the local Central Coagulation Laboratory (HUSLAB of Helsinki University Hospital): FVIII (FVIII:C one-stage clotting assay [IU/dl], pathromtin SL and FVIII deficient plasma), fibrinogen (Clauss method [g/l], HemosIL Q.F.A.Thrombin, Werfen, Barcelona, Spain; D-dimer [mg/l] HemosIL D-Dimer HS 500), antithrombin (AT [%], a chromogenic assay Berichrom Antithrombin III), thrombin time ([s], BC Thrombin reagent, Siemens), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT [s], Actin FSL®, Siemens) and anti-FXa activity (anti-FXa [IU/ml], HemosIL Liquis Anti-Xa, Mediq Suomi Oy). We acquired data of these coagulation markers preoperatively and from the days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 12 months after the operation, if available.
In addition, we measured the dynamics of white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/l), and platelet count (109/l) from the same time points. Preoperative plasma values of prothrombin time (Medirox Owren's PT [%] Medirox, Nyköping, Sweden), FXIII (F-XIII, %), VWF antigen (VWF:Ag, %) and VWF glycoprotein GPIb binding activity (VWF:Act, %), homocysteine (Hcyst, µmol/l), low-density lipoprotein (mmol/l), and triglycerides (Trigly, mmol/l) were collected. Additionally, patients were screened for protein C and S deficiencies, antiphospholipid antibodies as well as Factor V Leiden and FII G20210A mutations.
Myllylahti L., Ropponen J., Lax M., Lassila R, & Nykänen A.I. (2023). Upregulation of Coagulation Factor VIII and Fibrinogen After Pulmonary Endarterectomy in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 29, 10760296231158369.
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Publication 2023
Actins Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Antigens Antiphospholipid Antibodies Antithrombin III azo rubin S Biological Assay Coagulation, Blood C Reactive Protein factor V Leiden fibrin fragment D Fibrinogen Glycoproteins Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight Homocysteine Leukocyte Count Low-Density Lipoproteins Mutation Patients Plasma Platelet Counts, Blood Protein C Tests, Blood Coagulation Thrombin Times, Prothrombin Times, Reptilase Triglycerides
4
Comprehensive Stroke Risk Assessment
In this study, clinical data were collected from the enrolled patients, including demographics (age and sex); vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease); baseline blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)]; Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) [large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, small-vessel occlusion, acute stroke of other determined etiology, stroke of undetermined etiology]; stroke severity (SS) [defined as mild stroke according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of ≤ 8, moderate-to-severe stroke according to NIHSS scores of ≥9; all assessments completed on admission]; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features [stroke distribution (SD; anterior circulation, posterior circulation, and anterior/posterior circulation), side of hemisphere (SOH; left, right, and bilateral), number of stroke lesions (NOSs; single and multiple stroke lesions), site of stroke lesions (SOSs; cortical, cortico-subcortical, subcortical, brainstem, and cerebellum)]; laboratory tests [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), homocysteine (HCY), uric acid (UA), fibrinogen (FIB), myoglobin (MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), HBALC, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S-100β levels], treatment regimen [intravenous thrombolysis, arterial thrombolysis, antiplatelet, anticoagulation, statin, and proton pump inhibitor therapy (PPI)]; and stroke comorbidities [dysphagia and stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP)].
Wang K., Gu L., Liu W., Xu C., Yin C., Liu H., Rong L., Li W, & Wei X. (2023). The predictors of death within 1 year in acute ischemic stroke patients based on machine learning. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1092534.
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Publication 2023
Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents Arteries Atherosclerosis Blood Glucose Blood Pressure Blood Vessel Brain Stem Cerebellum Cerebrovascular Accident Cholesterol Cortex, Cerebral C Reactive Protein Deglutition Disorders Dental Occlusion Diabetes Mellitus fibrin fragment D Fibrinogen Fibrinolytic Agents gamma-Enolase High Blood Pressures Homocysteine Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Low-Density Lipoproteins Myocardial Ischemia Myoglobin Nesiritide Patients Pneumonia Pressure, Diastolic Proton Pump Inhibitors Systolic Pressure Therapeutics Treatment Protocols Triglycerides Uric Acid
5
Blood Biochemistry Indicators Analysis
Blood sample (5 mL each) was obtained from each patient for analysis of blood biochemical indicators. The detected indicators included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl aminotransferase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), Aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), homocysteine (Hcy), blood glucose, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), uric acid (UA), β2-microglobulin, cystatin C (Cys-C), and retinol binding protein (RBP). The detection was performed on an AU2700 full-automatic biochemical analyzer (Japan). The reference range for each indicator was as follows: ALT 9 to 50 U/L, γ-glutamyl aminotransferase 10 to 60 U/L, ADA 4 to 24 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 15 to 40 U/L, TC 2.83 to 5.17 mmol/L, triglyceride 0.56 to 1.7 mmol/L, HDL-C 0.9 to 2.19 mmol/L, LDL-C 0 to 3.36 mmol/L, Hcy 6 to 17 μmol/L, glucose 3.9 to 6.1 mmol/L, BUN 3.6 to 9.5 mmol/L, Cre 57-111 μmol/L, UA 208 to 428 μmol/L, β2-microglobulin 0.8 to 1.8 mg/L, Cys-C 0.63 to 1.25 mg/L, and RBP 25 to 70 mg/L.
Wang Z., Hou J., Zheng H., Wang D., Tian W., Zhang D, & Yan J. (2023). Genetic and phenotypic frequency distribution of ACE, ADRB1, AGTR1, CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, CYP3A5*3, NPPA and factors associated with hypertension in Chinese Han hypertensive patients. Medicine, 102(10), e33206.
Publication 2023
ADA protein, human Aspartate Transaminase BLOOD Blood Glucose Cholesterol Cholesterol, beta-Lipoprotein Creatinine D-Alanine Transaminase Glucose Hematologic Tests High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Homocysteine Nitrogen Patients Post-gamma-Globulin Retinol Binding Proteins Transaminases Triglycerides Urea Uric Acid

Top products related to «Homocysteine»

1
Homocysteine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Homocysteine is a laboratory test used to measure the level of homocysteine, an amino acid, in the blood. Homocysteine is a byproduct of protein metabolism and is involved in various biochemical processes in the body.
2
Automatic clinical analyzer by Beckman Coulter
Sourced in China, United States, Canada
Automatic clinical analyzers are laboratory instruments designed to perform a wide range of biochemical and immunochemical tests on biological samples, such as blood, serum, or urine. These analyzers automate the analytical processes, enabling efficient and consistent testing, and providing reliable results to support clinical decision-making.
3
Dl homocysteine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
DL-homocysteine is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It serves as a reference material for analytical procedures involving the detection and quantification of homocysteine, an amino acid that is commonly measured for various clinical and research applications.
4
L cysteine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Canada, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Norway, Japan, Sweden, China, Israel, Macao, Switzerland, Spain, Austria, Brazil
L-cysteine is an amino acid that serves as a key component in the manufacturing of various laboratory reagents and equipment. It functions as a building block for proteins and plays a crucial role in the formulation of buffers, cell culture media, and other essential laboratory solutions.
5
L homocysteine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
L-homocysteine is a laboratory reagent used for various analytical and research applications. It is a non-protein amino acid that plays a role in several biochemical processes. This product is intended for use in controlled laboratory settings by trained professionals.
6
Glutathione (gsh) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, India, France, Spain, Japan, Macao, Poland, Canada, Australia, Morocco, Belgium, Thailand
GSH is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for a variety of applications in research and development. It serves as a versatile tool for general laboratory tasks.
7
Imx analyzer by Abbott
Sourced in United States, Germany, Norway, Japan
The Abbott IMx analyzer is a compact, automated immunoassay instrument designed for clinical laboratory testing. It performs a variety of in-vitro diagnostic tests, including those for therapeutic drug monitoring, cardiac markers, and infectious disease detection. The IMx analyzer utilizes microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) technology to provide accurate and reliable results.
8
L methionine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom
L-methionine is an essential amino acid that is used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a building block for proteins and plays a role in cellular metabolism. L-methionine is commonly utilized in cell culture media, biochemical assays, and research studying protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism.
9
Acs 180 by Bayer
Sourced in United States
The ACS:180 is a laboratory instrument designed for automated cell separation. It utilizes a proprietary technology to efficiently isolate and purify specific cell populations from complex biological samples. The core function of the ACS:180 is to enable researchers to obtain high-purity cell samples for further analysis and experimentation.
10
Cysteine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan, China, France, Macao
Cysteine is a non-essential amino acid used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Cysteine plays a role in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins and serves as a precursor to other sulfur-containing compounds.

More about "Homocysteine"

Homocysteine is a crucial sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a vital role in metabolic processes.
It is an intermediary product in the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine and is involved in the remethylation and transsulfuration pathways.
Elevated levels of homocysteine, a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia, have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and other health issues.
Understanding the regulation and function of homocysteine is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to address these conditions.
Research in this field aims to elucidate the complex biochemical pathways and genetic factors that influence homocysteine levels, as well as explore novel interventions to optimize homocysteine metabolism and promote overall health.
Synonyms and related terms include DL-homocysteine, L-cysteine, L-homocysteine, GSH (glutathione), and L-methionine.
Automated clinical analyzers, such as the Abbott IMx analyzer and ACS:180, are commonly used to measure homocysteine levels.
By incorporating these insights, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their homocysteine studies, leading to more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.