> Chemicals & Drugs > Amino Acid > Hydroxyproline

Hydroxyproline

Hydroxyproline is a non-standard amino acid found in collagen and other structural proteins.
It plays a crucial role in stabilizing the triple-helix structure of collagen fibrils, contributing to the strength and resilience of connective tissues.
Hydroxyproline is an important biomarker for evaluating collagen metabolism and can be used to assess the severity of certain medical conditions, such as liver fibrosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and chronic kidney disease.
Understanding the distribution and metabolism of hydroxyproline is essential for researchers studying connective tissue disorders and developing therapies to improve collagen-related pathologies.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the importance of hydroxyproline in human physiology and disease.

Most cited protocols related to «Hydroxyproline»

Quantifying Collagen Solubilization in Demineralized Dentin

Cited 38 times

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Publication 2010

Bath Calcium Calcium Sulfate, Anhydrous Collagen Collagen Type I Dentin Enzymes Hydrolysis Hydroxyproline Matrix Metalloproteinases Pellets, Drug Peptide Fragments Sodium Hydroxide Vacuum Zinc

Detailed Liver Injury and Fibrosis Protocols

Cited 15 times

Alcoholic and hepatitis B-associated cirrhotic liver samples (stage 3-4 fibrosis) were collected from donor livers during liver transplantation from the Liver Tissue Cell Distribution System (LTCDS), University of Minnesota. The LTCDs were supported by NIH Contract #N01-DK-7-0004 / HHSN267200700004C. Additional information on the sample preparation, age and gender of the donors is provided in the Supplemental Materials.
The details of the induction of liver injury and fibrosis by CCl₄ and bile duct ligation (BDL) and the treatment protocols are described in the Supplemental Methods.
The determination of liver function, histology and immunohistochemistry, quantitative analysis of hepatic fibrosis are described in the Supplemental Methods.
The determination of hepatic PARP and myeloperoxidase activities, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and hydroxyproline contents, real-time PCR, Western immunoblot analysis are described in the Supplemental Methods.
Other procedures such as isolation and treatments of murine hepatic hepatocytes and stellate cells, cell death determination by flow cytometer and activation of hepatic stellate cells are also described in the Supplemental Methods.

Mukhopadhyay P., Rajesh M., Cao Z., Horváth B., Park O., Wang H., Erdelyi K., Holovac E., Wang Y., Liaudet L., Hamdaoui N., Lafdil F., Haskó G., Szabo C., Boulares A.H., Gao B, & Pacher P. (2014). Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is a key mediator of liver inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 59(5), 1998-2009.

Publication 2013

3-nitrotyrosine 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal Alcoholics CCL4 protein, human Cell Death Cells Cell Transplantation Determination of Death Donors Duct, Bile Fibrosis Fibrosis, Liver Hepatic Stellate Cells Hepatitis B Hepatocyte Hydroxyproline Immunohistochemistry Injuries isolation Ligation Liver Mus Peroxidase Portal System Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Tissue Donors Tissues Tissue Transplantation Transplantation Treatment Protocols Western Blot

Hepatic Fibrosis Induction and Assessment

Cited 15 times

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Publication 2011

3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine Acetic Acid Acids Aftercare Animals Biological Assay Buffers Carbon Tetrachloride CCL4 protein, human Centrifugation Collagen Dental Caries Edetic Acid Fibrosis Fibrosis, Liver Freezing Homo sapiens Horseradish Peroxidase Hydrolysis Hydroxyproline Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Liver Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL N,N-dimethylcasein Nitrogen Oil, Mineral Pepsin A Peritoneum Peritonitis Procollagen Protease Inhibitors Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 Radiotherapy Dose Fractionations Rodent Serial Extraction Sodium Chloride Streptavidin Susceptibility, Disease Thioacetamide Tissue Adhesions Tissues Treatment Protocols Tromethamine Tube Feeding Tweens

Evaluating Fibrosis Progression in Mast Cell-Deficient Mice

Cited 11 times

We measured fibrosis progression and collagen deposition from both WT and Kit^W-sh mice with sham or BDL surgery. Fast Green/Sirius Red, Masson’s Trichrome and hydroxyproline content were assessed in liver sections and snap liver, respectively (29 (link)). In total liver from all groups, we measured the following fibrotic markers by real-time PCR: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type-1a and fibronectin-1 (29 (link)). Since TGF-β1 is a known regulator of fibrosis (11 (link)) we evaluated the expression of TGF-β1 in total liver by real-time PCR and the secretion of TGF-β1 by EIA in serum from these mice (19 ). We also evaluated the effects of mast cell deficiency on HSC activation by immunofluorescence for synaptophysin-9 (SYP-9) (32 (link)). Livers were co-stained with CK-19 to also visualize bile ducts.

Hargrove L., Kennedy L., Demieville J., Jones H., Meng F., DeMorrow S., Karstens W., Madeka T., Greene J J.r, & Francis H. (2017). BDL-induced biliary hyperplasia, hepatic injury and fibrosis are reduced in mast cell deficient Kitw-sh mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 65(6), 1991-2004.

Publication 2017

Actins Collagen Disease Progression Duct, Bile Fast Green Fibrosis FN1 protein, human Hydroxyproline Immunofluorescence KRT19 protein, human Liver Liver Function Tests Mast Cell Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction secretion Serum Smooth Muscles Synaptophysin TGF-beta1

Cardiac Hypertrophy Modeling and Analysis

Cited 11 times

All experiments involving animals were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China. An expanded Methods section is available in the online-only Data Supplement, which includes Reagents, Mice Used in This Study,^{17 (link)} Aortic Banding,^{1 (link),8 (link),9 (link),15 (link)} Echocardiography and Hemodynamic Measurements,^{1 (link),8 (link),9 (link)} Histological Analysis, Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes and Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors,^{1 (link)} Measurement of the Protein/DNA Ratio, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Quantification Assays, Immunofluorescence Analysis, Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Western Blotting,^{1 (link),8 (link),9 (link)} IKKβ Activity Assays, Luciferase Reporter Assays,^{23 (link),24 (link)} Hydroxyproline Assay,^{25 (link)} Immunoprecipitation, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) Pull-down Assay, Confocal Microscopy, and Statistical Analysis.

Jiang D.S., Liu Y., Zhou H., Zhang Y., Zhang X.D., Zhang X.F., Chen K., Gao L., Peng J., Gong H., Chen Y., Yang Q., Liu P.P., Fan G.C., Zou Y, & Li H. (2014). Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Functions as a Novel Negative Regulator of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 63(4), 713-722.

Publication 2014

Adenoviruses Animals Aorta Atrial Natriuretic Factor Biological Assay Cloning Vectors Dietary Supplements Echocardiography Glutathione S-Transferase Hemodynamics HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins Hydroxyproline IkappaB Kinase beta Immunofluorescence Immunoprecipitation Infant, Newborn Lanugo Luciferases Mice, House Microscopy, Confocal Myocytes, Cardiac Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Most recents protocols related to «Hydroxyproline»

Pulmonary Hydroxyproline and Myeloperoxidase Assays

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Publication 2023

Biological Assay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Hydroxyproline Lung Mice, House Peroxidase

Synthesis of 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide Derivative

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃, 5 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-hydroxyproline (5 mmol) in water (15 mL) with continuous stirring until all the solutes dissolved. The solution was cooled to − 5 °C and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (5 mmol) was added in four portions over a period of 1 h. The reaction mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 4 h(Scheme 1). The mixture was acidified using 20% HCl until a pH of 2 was obtained. The white product obtained was filtered, washed, and dried in the open air. Yield (1.12 g, 71.34%), MP = 190–192 °(O), 1004 (C–N), 685 (S–N). ¹H-NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ: 8.40 (m, 2H, ArH), 8.10 (m, 2H, ArH), 4.87 (s, 1H, OH exchangeable with HDO), 4.31 (m, 2H, CH-CO₂H and CH-OH), 3.59 (dd, 1H, CH_a of CH₂-CH-CO₂H, J = 8.00, 4.00 Hz) 3.41 (dt, 1H, CH_b of CH₂-CH-CO₂H, J = 8.00, 4.00 Hz), 2.19 (ddt, 1H, CH of CH2-N, J = 12.00, 8.00, 4.00 Hz), 2.06 (ddd, 1H, CH_b of CH₂-N, J = 12.00, 8.00,4.00 Hz).¹³C NMR (DMSO, 100 MHz) δ: 174.19 (C = O), 150.28, 143.40, 128.81, 123.79 (4 aromatic carbons), 69.21, 59.94, 56.51, 39.00 (4 aliphatic carbon). DEPT (100 MHz) δ: 174.19, 150.28, 143. 40 (tertiary C), 128.81, 123.79, 69.21, 59.94 (CH carbons), 56.51 and 39.00 (CH₂ carbons).

Ugwu D.I., Eze F.U., Ezeorah C.J., Rhyman L., Ramasami P., Tania G., Eze C.C., Uzoewulu C.P., Ogboo B.C, & Okpareke O.C. (2023). Synthesis, Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Non-Covalent Interaction, and In Silico Studies of 4-Hydroxy-1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)Sulfonyl]Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxyllic Acid. Journal of Chemical Crystallography.

Publication 2023

1H NMR 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride Carbon Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Hydroxyproline sodium carbonate Sulfoxide, Dimethyl

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Compound

Na₂CO₃, NaCl, and 20% HCl were obtained from Fluka, while 4-nitrobenzene sulfonyl chloride and 4-hydroxyproline were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Bristol Scientific Nigeria). IR spectra were recorded on Bruker FT-IR spectrophotometer. The NMR peaks were recorded on Bruker DPX 300 spectrophotometer with ¹H at 400 MHz and 13 ℃ at 100 MHz. Chemical shifts δ are given in ppm and referenced to tetramethylsilane. Methanol was used as a solvent for crystallization. X-ray data of the single crystal were collected on an XtaLAB Synergy, Dualflex, Pilatus 200 K diffractometer using CuKα radiation at 105.4 (7)K. The pharmacokinetic properties were studied using SwissADME free online tool (https://www.swissadme.ch), while the Molecular docking was carried out using the Molecular operating environment (MOE) (AutoDock Vina, BIOVIA).

Publication 2023

Crystallization Electromagnetic Radiation Hydroxyproline Infrared Spectrophotometry Methanol Nitrobenzenes Radiography Sodium Chloride Solvents sulfonyl chloride tetramethylsilane

Hydroxyproline Quantification in HLF Lysates

Hydroxyproline was measured in HLF lysates as directed (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States). Briefly, cells were dried and homogenized then hydrolyzed in order to break down proteins. Chloramine T was added and incubated in the wells followed by addition of dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) reagent. Standards were processed in the same way. Samples and standards were read in a Bio-Rad iMark plate reader at 550 nm.

Savage A., Risquez C., Gomi K., Schreiner R., Borczuk A.C., Worgall S, & Silver R.B. (2023). The mast cell exosome-fibroblast connection: A novel pro-fibrotic pathway. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1139397.

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Publication 2023

Cells chloramine-T Hydroxyproline Protein Hydrolysates

Hepatic Hydroxyproline Content Analysis

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Publication 2023

Hydroxyproline Liver

Top products related to «Hydroxyproline»

Hydroxyproline assay kit by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain

The Hydroxyproline Assay Kit is a laboratory tool designed to quantify the amino acid hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline is a key component of collagen, a structural protein found in various tissues. The kit provides a colorimetric method to measure hydroxyproline levels, which can be useful for research applications involving collagen analysis.

Hydroxyproline assay kit by Nanjing Jiancheng

Sourced in China, United States

The Hydroxyproline assay kit is a laboratory tool used to quantify the amount of hydroxyproline, an amino acid found in collagen. The kit provides a colorimetric method for the determination of hydroxyproline concentration in a variety of biological samples.

Chloramine t by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, India, Sao Tome and Principe, Sweden, Denmark

Chloramine-T is a chemical compound commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as an oxidizing agent and is often employed in various analytical and synthetic procedures. The core purpose of Chloramine-T is to facilitate chemical reactions and analyses in controlled laboratory environments.

Hydroxyproline colorimetric assay kit by Abcam

Sourced in United States

The Hydroxyproline Colorimetric Assay Kit is a laboratory tool used to quantify the amount of hydroxyproline, an amino acid found in collagen. This assay provides a simple, colorimetric method to measure hydroxyproline levels in a variety of sample types.

Papain by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Switzerland, Canada, Australia, Denmark

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme derived from the papaya fruit. It is a highly purified and concentrated form of the naturally occurring enzyme. Papain exhibits catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins.

Hydroxyproline assay kit by Abcam

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada

The Hydroxyproline Assay Kit is a colorimetric assay designed to quantify the amount of hydroxyproline, an amino acid found in collagen. The kit provides a simple, direct, and accurate method for the measurement of hydroxyproline levels in various biological samples.

Hydroxyproline by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, India, United Kingdom

Hydroxyproline is a non-standard amino acid that is a key component of collagen, the primary structural protein in connective tissues such as skin, bone, and cartilage. It plays a crucial role in the stability and function of collagen fibrils.

Trans 4 hydroxy l proline by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States

Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative. It is a colorless crystalline solid that can be used as a reagent in various laboratory applications.

Mak008 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

MAK008 is a multi-channel photometric microplate reader designed for high-throughput optical density measurements. It can perform absorbance readings in the visible and UV spectrum ranges. The device is equipped with a temperature-controlled incubation chamber to maintain samples at user-defined temperatures during measurements.

Hydroxyproline detection kit by Nanjing Jiancheng

Sourced in China

The Hydroxyproline detection kit is a laboratory tool designed to quantify the amino acid hydroxyproline in biological samples. Hydroxyproline is a key component of collagen, and its measurement can provide insights into collagen synthesis and turnover. The kit utilizes a colorimetric reaction to detect and measure hydroxyproline levels, enabling researchers to analyze collagen-related processes in their study samples.

What are some common usage challenges with Hydroxyproline?

Hydroxyproline can be difficult to accurately measure and quantify, especially in complex biological samples. The amino acid is found in small amounts and requires specialized analytical techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry for reliable detection and quantification. Improper sample preparation or analysis can lead to inaccurate results, making it crucial to follow established protocols carefuly.

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers optimize the use of Hydroxyproline in their studies?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can assist researchers in several ways when working with Hydroxyproline. First, the platfrom allows you to efficiently screen the literature to identify the most effective and reproducible protocols for Hydroxyproline analysis. The AI-powered comparisons can highlight key differences between protocols, helping you choose the best option for your specific research needs and ensuring accurate and reliable results. Secound, the platform's critical insights can help you troubleshoot common challenges with Hydroxyproline quantification and ensure you are using the optimal techniques for your sample type and experimental goals.

What are the different variations or types of Hydroxyproline that researchers should be aware of?

In addition to the standard hydroxyproline amino acid, there are also some variations that researchers may encounter. For example, 4-hydroxyproline is the most common form found in collagen, while 3-hydroxyproline is present in smaller amounts. Researchers should be aware of these different forms and understand how they may be detected and quantified using various analytical methods. Failure to distinguish between the variations could lead to inaccurate results and misinterpretations.

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers identify the best protocols and products for Hydroxyproline analysis?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can be invaluable in helping researchers find the most effective protocols and products for Hydroxyproline analysis. The platfrom allows you to quickly scren the literature, including research papers, preprints, and even patent information, to identify the latest and most robust methodologies. The AI-powered comparisons can then highlight key differences between protocols, such as sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, enabling you to choose the option that best fits your research needs. This can help ensure you are using the most accurate and reliable techniques for Hydroxyproline quantification and avoiding costly mistakes or erroneous results.

More about "Hydroxyproline"

Hydroxyproline, also known as trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, is a non-standard amino acid that plays a crucial role in the structure and function of collagen, a primary component of connective tissues throughout the body.
This modified amino acid helps stabilize the triple-helix structure of collagen fibrils, contributing to the strength, resilience, and flexibility of tissues like skin, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.
Hydroxyproline is an important biomarker for evaluating collagen metabolism and can be used to assess the severity of certain medical conditions, such as liver fibrosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and chronic kidney disease.
Understanding the distribution and metabolism of hydroxyproline is essential for researchers studying connective tissue disorders and developing therapies to improve collagen-related pathologies.
Hydroxyproline can be detected and quantified using various analytical techniques, including colorimetric assays, such as the Hydroxyproline Assay Kit and Hydroxyproline colorimetric assay kit, which utilize reagents like Chloramine-T and Papain to facilitate the measurement of hydroxyproline levels in biological samples.
These assays provide a reliable and efficient way to assess collagen turnover and may help in the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions involving altered collagen metabolism.
By leveraging the insights gained from the MeSH term description and the capabilities of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their research protocols, locate relevant literature and pre-prints, and identify the best products and methods for enhanced reproducibility and accuracy in their studies of hydroxyproline and collagen-related pathologies.