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IgG4

IgG4, a subclass of immunoglobulin G, plays a pivotal role in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
It is characterized by its unique structural and functional properties, such as antibody-mediated effector functions and immune regulation.
IgG4-related diseases, including autoimmune pancreatitis and multifocal fibrosclerosis, have garnered significant attention due to their complex pathogenesis and therapeutic challenges.
Understanding the role of IgG4 in disease processes is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the importance of IgG4 in medical research and clinical practice.

Most cited protocols related to «IgG4»

Engineered CAR T-cell Receptors for ROR1 and CD19

ROR1-specific and CD19-specific CARs were constructed using VL and VH segments of the 2A2 and R12 (ROR1) (24 (link), 25 (link)), and FMC63 mAbs (CD19) (26 (link)). Each scFV was linked by a (G₄S)₃ peptide to a spacer domain derived from IgG4-Fc (Uniprot Database: P01861) comprising either ‘Hinge-CH2-CH3’ (229 AA), ‘Hinge-CH3’ (119 AA) or ‘Hinge-only’ (12 AA) sequences. All spacers contained a S→P substitution within the ‘Hinge’ domain located at position 108 of the native IgG4-Fc protein, and were linked to the 27 AA transmembrane domain of human CD28 (Uniprot: P10747) and to a signaling module comprising either (i) the 41 AA cytoplasmic domain of human CD28 with an LL→GG substitution located at positions 186-187 of the native CD28 protein (27 (link)) or (ii) the 42 AA cytoplasmic domain of human 4-1BB (Uniprot: Q07011), each of which was linked to the 112 AA cytoplasmic domain of isoform 3 of human CD3ζ (Uniprot: P20963). The construct encoded a T2A ribosomal skip element (28 ) and a tEGFR sequence downstream of the CAR (29 (link)). Codon-optimized nucleotide sequences encoding each transgene were synthesized (Life Technologies) and cloned into the epHIV7 lentiviral vector (29 (link), 30 (link)). ROR1-CAR, CD19-CAR or tEGFR-encoding lentiviruses were produced in 293T cells using the packaging vectors pCHGP-2, pCMV-Rev2 and pCMV-G.

Hudecek M., Lupo-Stanghellini M.T., Kosasih P.L., Sommermeyer D., Jensen M.C., Rader C, & Riddell S.R. (2013). Receptor affinity and extracellular domain modifications affect tumor recognition by ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor T-cells. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 19(12), 3153-3164.

Publication 2013

Cloning Vectors Codon Cytoplasm HEK293 Cells Homo sapiens IgG4 Lentivirus Monoclonal Antibodies Protein Domain Protein Isoforms Proteins Ribosomes Transgenes

Multiplex Bead Assay for Bloodspot IgG and IgG4

Bloodspot eluates were screened in duplicate with the antigen-coupled beads in a multiplex bead assay [8] (link). Filter-bottom plates (96-well) (Millipore, Bedford, MA) were pre-wet with 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.02% sodium azide in PBS (PBN2). Antigen-coupled beads (2500 each) were added to each well and washed twice with PBN2. Control sera and bloodspot eluates (1∶400) were added in duplicate at 50 µl per well to the beads. The plates were vigorously shaken for 30 seconds, covered, and shaken at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After incubation, wells were washed three times with 100 µl of 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS (PBST) with a vacuum device (Millipore). Total IgG was detected with 50 ng of biotinylated mouse anti-human total IgG (clone H2; Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL) and 40 ng of biotinylated mouse anti-human IgG4 (clone HP6025; Invitrogen, South San Francisco, CA) per well in 50 µl PBN2. After incubation, wells were washed as above. R-phycoerythrin-labeled streptavidin (Invitrogen, South San Francisco, CA) was added at a concentration of 250 ng per well and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. Wells were washed as previously after incubation. Wells were additionally incubated in 50 µl of PBN2 to remove any loosely bound antibodies for 30 minutes with shaking. After the final incubation in PBN2, wells were vacuum-evacuated and washed once with PBST. Beads were suspended in 125 µl PBS, shaken, and immediately read on a BioPlex 200 instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) equipped with Bio-Plex Manager 6.0 software (Bio-Rad).

Goodhew E.B., Priest J.W., Moss D.M., Zhong G., Munoz B., Mkocha H., Martin D.L., West S.K., Gaydos C, & Lammie P.J. (2012). CT694 and pgp3 as Serological Tools for Monitoring Trachoma Programs. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(11), e1873.

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Publication 2012

anti-IgG Antibodies Antigens Biological Assay bioplex Clone Cells Homo sapiens IgG4 Medical Devices Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Phycoerythrin Serum Sodium Azide Strains Streptavidin Tween 20 Vacuum

Phase 1 Study of Anti-PD-1 Antibody

This study was sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb, which provided the study drug and worked jointly with the senior academic authors to design, collect, analyze, and interpret the study results. All the authors signed a confidentiality agreement with the sponsor. The protocol, including a detailed statistical analysis plan, is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. All drafts of the manuscript were prepared by the authors with editorial assistance from a professional medical writer paid by the sponsor. All the authors vouch for the accuracy and completeness of the reported data and for the fidelity of this report to the trial protocol, and all the authors made the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
This phase 1 study assessed the safety, anti-tumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of BMS-936558, a fully human IgG4-blocking monoclonal antibody directed against PD-1, in patients with selected advanced solid tumors. All patients (or their legal representatives) gave written informed consent before enrollment. The antibody was administered as an intravenous infusion every 2 weeks of each 8-week treatment cycle. Response was assessed after each treatment cycle. Patients received treatment for up to 2 years (12 cycles), unless they had a complete response, unacceptable adverse effects, or progressive disease or they withdrew consent. In clinically stable patients, study treatment could be continued beyond apparent initial disease progression until progression was confirmed, as outlined by proposed immune-response criteria.^{15 (link)} Patients with stable disease or an ongoing objective response (complete or partial response) at the end of treatment were followed for up to 1 year and were offered retreatment for 1 additional year in the event of disease progression.
Safety evaluations (clinical examination and laboratory assessments) were conducted for all treated patients at baseline and regular intervals. The severity of adverse events was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0.¹⁶

Topalian S.L., Hodi F.S., Brahmer J.R., Gettinger S.N., Smith D.C., McDermott D.F., Powderly J.D., Carvajal R.D., Sosman J.A., Atkins M.B., Leming P.D., Spigel D.R., Antonia S.J., Horn L., Drake C.G., Pardoll D.M., Chen L., Sharfman W.H., Anders R.A., Taube J.M., McMiller T.L., Xu H., Korman A.J., Jure-Kunkel M., Agrawal S., McDonald D., Kollia G.D., Gupta A., Wigginton J.M, & Sznol M. (2012). Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 366(26), 2443-2454.

Publication 2012

BMS-936558 Disease Progression Drug Kinetics Homo sapiens IgG4 Immunoglobulins Intravenous Infusion Monoclonal Antibodies Neoplasms Patients Physical Examination Response, Immune Retreatments Safety

Pembrolizumab Phase 2 Clinical Trial

This phase 2 trial was conducted with the use of a Green–Dahlberg two-stage design and included the three parallel cohorts described above. The study agent, pembrolizumab, was administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every 14 days (Fig. S1 in Supplementary Appendix 1, available at NEJM.org). Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti–PD-1 antibody of the IgG4 kappa isotype that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2 (Fig. S1 in Supplementary Appendix 1).
Safety assessments were performed before each treatment. At the start of each treatment cycle, the total tumor burden was assessed by means of measurement of serum biomarkers. Radiographic assessments were performed at 12 weeks and every 8 weeks thereafter. Further details concerning the clinical protocol are available at NEJM.org.

Le D.T., Uram J.N., Wang H., Bartlett B.R., Kemberling H., Eyring A.D., Skora A.D., Luber B.S., Azad N.S., Laheru D., Biedrzycki B., Donehower R.C., Zaheer A., Fisher G.A., Crocenzi T.S., Lee J.J., Duffy S.M., Goldberg R.M., de la Chapelle A., Koshiji M., Bhaijee F., Huebner T., Hruban R.H., Wood L.D., Cuka N., Pardoll D.M., Papadopoulos N., Kinzler K.W., Zhou S., Cornish T.C., Taube J.M., Anders R.A., Eshleman J.R., Vogelstein B, & Diaz LA J.r. (2015). PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency. The New England journal of medicine, 372(26), 2509-2520.

Publication 2015

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized Body Weight CD274 protein, human Clinical Protocols IgG4 Immunoglobulin Isotypes Ligands pembrolizumab Radiography Safety Tumor Burden

Versatile Antibody Expression Vectors

The PIPE cloning method was also used to swap constant regions within the dual antibody expression vectors. pVITRO1-CSPG4-IgE/κ vector was linearized by primer pair pAn_Fwd and CSPG4-VH_Rev (Table 2), flanking the Cε region. The PCR reaction was treated exactly as above, except the extension step for 2 minutes at 72°C, followed by DpnI treatment. Simultaneously, a human Cγ₁ region was amplified from a monocistronic pIgγ1 vector39 (link) using primer pair Cg1_Fwd and Cg1_Rev (Table 2), in which the 5′-ends are complementary to the CSPG4 V_H terminus and vector sequence downstream of Cε respectively, while the 3′-ends are Cγ₁ specific. The Cγ₁ region PCR had an extension step for 10 seconds at 72°C. Unpurified DpnI-treated linearized vector was mixed in 1:1 (v/v) ratio with unpurified Cγ₁ region PCR product and transformed into competent E. coli cells as described above, assembling pVITRO1-CSPG4-IgG₁/κ vector. pVITRO1-102.1F10-IgE/λ vector was linearized by primer pair pAn_Fwd1 and 102.1F10-VH_Rev (Table 2), flanking the Cε region, and human Cγ₄ was amplified from a pIgγ4 vector41 using primer pair Cg4_Fwd and Cg4_Rev (Table 2). Unpurified PCR products were mixed and transformed into competent E. coli cells as described above, assembling pVITRO1-102.1F10-IgG₄/λ vector. Similarly, the linearized pVITRO1-102.1F10-IgE/λ vector was mixed with vector-end homologous PCR amplified human Cγ₁, Cγ₂, Cγ₃, Cα₁ and Cα₂ to generate Phl p 7 specific human IgG₁, IgG₂, IgG₃, IgA₁ and IgA₂ expression vectors, which have been deposited with Addgene (http://www.addgene.org/Andrew_Beavil).

Dodev T.S., Karagiannis P., Gilbert A.E., Josephs D.H., Bowen H., James L.K., Bax H.J., Beavil R., Pang M.O., Gould H.J., Karagiannis S.N, & Beavil A.J. (2014). A tool kit for rapid cloning and expression of recombinant antibodies. Scientific Reports, 4, 5885.

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Publication 2014

Cells Cloning Vectors CSPG4 protein, human Escherichia coli Homo sapiens IgA1 IgA2 IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4 Immunoglobulin Constant Regions Neoplasm Metastasis Oligonucleotide Primers

Most recents protocols related to «IgG4»

Serum IgG4 Prognostic Evaluation in IgG4-RD

Continuous variables were represented as median (interquartile range [IQR]) and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data were expressed as numbers (percentages) and compared using the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare paired data of serum IgG4 levels within the two groups at baseline and six months. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of normalized serum IgG4 level for the prediction of relapse. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the predictor of relapse in IgG4-RD. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models include variables with a p-value < 0.2 in the univariate Cox analysis, and were adjusted for age, sex, baseline IgG4-RD RI score, baseline serum IgG4 level, and medication. We performed the Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test to evaluate the cumulative relapse rates for two years in groups with normalized and elevated serum IgG4 levels at six months. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. We used SPSS software, version 24.0, for all analyses.

Choi S.J., Ahn S.M., Oh J.S., Hong S., Lee C.K., Yoo B, & Kim Y.G. (2023). Serum IgG4 level during initial treatment as a predictor of relapse in IgG4-related disease. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282852.

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Publication 2023

Hypersensitivity IgG4 Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Pharmaceutical Preparations PTGS2 protein, human Relapse Serum

IgG4-RD Treatment Outcomes

This study was conducted on patients with active IgG4-RD who were treated with immunosuppressants and had elevated serum IgG4 levels at a tertiary referral center in South Korea between January 2011 and December 2020. All patients met the 2011 IgG4-RD diagnostic criteria [7 (link)]: (1) a clinical examination with diffuse/localized swelling or masses in single or multiple organs; (2) an elevated serum IgG4 level; and (3) histopathologic findings of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis, > 40% IgG4-positive plasma cells, and > 10 IgG4-positive plasma cells per high-power field. Patients were also evaluated according to the 2019 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for diagnosis of IgG4-RD [14 (link)]. Patients with pancreatic involvement were classified as definite or probable cases using the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC) for autoimmune pancreatitis [15 (link)]. We excluded patients with other rheumatic diseases, malignancy, or infection. Either glucocorticoid alone or glucocorticoid plus azathioprine were used as an initial regimen for remission and were maintained for at least six months and up to 24 months. To evaluate the factors associated with relapse, we classified patients into relapsed and non-relapsed groups.

Choi S.J., Ahn S.M., Oh J.S., Hong S., Lee C.K., Yoo B, & Kim Y.G. (2023). Serum IgG4 level during initial treatment as a predictor of relapse in IgG4-related disease. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282852.

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Publication 2023

Autoimmune Pancreatitis Azathioprine Collagen Diseases Diagnosis Europeans Fibrosis Glucocorticoids IgG4 Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Immunosuppressive Agents Infection Malignant Neoplasms Pancreas Patient Participation Patients Physical Examination Plasma Cells Rheumatism Serum Treatment Protocols

Evaluating IgG4-RD Disease Response

We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of these patients at the time of the initial treatment, including age, sex, diagnostic classification, disease duration, affected organs, and treatment regimen. The IgG4-RD responder index (RI), which is a score for each organ system and serum IgG4 level, was calculated to assess the disease activity [8 (link)]. Laboratory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (reference value: 0–20 mm/hr) and the levels of C-reactive protein (reference value: 0–0.6 mg/dL), serum IgG (reference value: 700–1,600 mg/dL), and serum IgG4 (reference value: 6–121 mg/dL) were also collected. Serum IgG levels were measured using nephelometry (Nephelometer, Dade Behring, Germany) and serum IgG4 levels were measured using a single radial immunodiffusion method (The Binding Site, Birmingham, UK).
At six months of initial treatment, the clinical and serological response was assessed. The clinical response included the IgG4-RD RI score, > 50% decline in IgG4-RD RI score, and remission. Remission was defined as meeting all of the following [16 (link)]: (1) > 50% decline in IgG4-RD RI score; (2) tapering of prednisolone to less than 10 mg/day; and (3) no relapse during the initial treatment period (within six months). Relapse was defined as recurrence, worsening, or de novo organ involvement as determined via imaging or the analysis of biochemical parameters (e.g., urinalysis and liver function), regardless of serum IgG4 levels. The change of serum IgG4 levels at six months was also evaluated as the serological response. Patients were divided into two groups according to serum IgG4 levels at six months (normalized and elevated serum IgG4 levels).

Choi S.J., Ahn S.M., Oh J.S., Hong S., Lee C.K., Yoo B, & Kim Y.G. (2023). Serum IgG4 level during initial treatment as a predictor of relapse in IgG4-related disease. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282852.

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Publication 2023

3,3'-diallyldiethylstilbestrol Binding Sites C Reactive Protein Diagnosis Erythrocyte Indices IgG4 Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Liver Nephelometry Patients Prednisolone Recurrence Relapse Serum Test, Gel Diffusion Treatment Protocols Urinalysis

Bibliometric Analysis of AIP Research

Bibliometric data were analyzed using HisCite (version 12.03.17), VOSviewer (version 1.6.18), CiteSpace (version 6.1.R3), and bibliometrix package (version 3.2.1; https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bibliometrix/) based on R language (version 4.1.2). HisCite was used to identify the number of publications and the number of citations for productive countries, institutions, and authors. The top 10 publications with the highest number of citations in AIP research were recognized by HisCite. The annual number of publications was also identified by HisCite and visualized by ggplot2 package (version 3.3.6; https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2) based on R language. VOSviewer was used to recognize the top 10 keywords with the highest number of occurrences, as well as the clustering of the top 50 keywords. A list of thesauri was employed for better understanding, which included “serum IgG4 concentrations,” represented by “serum IgG4”; “diagnostic criteria,” represented by “diagnosis”; “carcinoma,” represented by “cancer”; “disease,” represented by “IgG4-related disease”; “clinical feature”; and “characteristics,” represented by “features.” CiteSpace was used to construct a dual-map overlay of the journals related to AIP and to perform a keyword burst detection of the top 25 keywords with the strongest emergent strength. CiteSpace was used to measure the collaborative centrality of countries/regions, institutions, and authors. The setting of CiteSpace was as follows: scale factor k=25, the strength of links measured by cosine, the scope of links measured within slices, and pruning with pathfinder and sliced network. The distribution of publications and collaborations between countries/regions and the annual output of the top 10 most productive authors were visualized using bibliometrix package. Clustering of collaboration among countries/regions, institutions, and authors was also visualized by bibliometrix package. The ratios of original and review articles for each year were measured using bibliometrix package.

Zhang X.D., Zhang Y., Zhao Y.Z., Zhou C.H, & Zou D.W. (2023). Autoimmune pancreatitis: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1135096.

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Publication 2023

Carcinoma Diagnosis IgG4 Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Malignant Neoplasms Serum

Systematic Search of Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Literature search was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on June 6, 2022, at the Ruijin Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Thesauruses of AIP were identified in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh) and added to the search query, as follows: TI = (“autoimmune pancreatitis” OR “IgG4-related pancreatitis” OR “lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis” OR “idiopathic duct centric pancreatitis”) OR AB = (“autoimmune pancreatitis” OR “IgG4-related pancreatitis” OR “lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis” OR “idiopathic duct centric pancreatitis”) OR AK = (“autoimmune pancreatitis” OR “IgG4-related pancreatitis” OR “lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis” OR “idiopathic duct centric pancreatitis”). According to our search query, articles that mentioned AIP or its synonyms in the title, abstract, or keywords were identified. The date of publications was set between January 1, 2002, and June 6, 2022, and the type of publications was restricted to articles and review articles. Documents published earlier than January 1, 2002, were excluded. Moreover, case reports, meeting abstracts, editorial materials, and other documents types were excluded. No restriction on languages was applied.

Zhang X.D., Zhang Y., Zhao Y.Z., Zhou C.H, & Zou D.W. (2023). Autoimmune pancreatitis: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1135096.

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Publication 2023

Autoimmune Pancreatitis IgG4 Pancreatitis Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Top products related to «IgG4»

Immunocap by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Sweden, United States, Germany, Denmark, France

The ImmunoCAP is a laboratory instrument used for in vitro allergen-specific IgE testing. It provides quantitative measurement of IgE antibodies to a wide range of allergens. The ImmunoCAP system utilizes fluorescent enzyme immunoassay technology to detect and measure IgE levels in patient samples.

Bio plex manager 6 by Bio-Rad

Sourced in United States, France, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, Italy

Bio-Plex Manager 6.1 software is a data analysis software for the Bio-Plex multiplex assay system. It is designed to acquire, analyze, and manage data from Bio-Plex assays.

Nivolumab by Bristol-Myers Squibb

Sourced in United States, China

Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor. It is designed to block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, thereby enhancing the immune system's ability to detect and respond to cancer cells.

Bnii nephelometer by Siemens

Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland

The BNII nephelometer is a laboratory instrument used for the measurement of protein concentrations in biological samples. It operates by directing a beam of light through a sample and detecting the scattered light, which is proportional to the concentration of particles in the sample. The BNII nephelometer provides quantitative data on the levels of specific proteins present in the analyzed solution.

Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group

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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.

Facscalibur by BD

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Singapore, Uruguay, Australia, Spain, Poland, India, Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Jersey, Finland, Sweden

The FACSCalibur is a flow cytometry system designed for multi-parameter analysis of cells and other particles. It features a blue (488 nm) and a red (635 nm) laser for excitation of fluorescent dyes. The instrument is capable of detecting forward scatter, side scatter, and up to four fluorescent parameters simultaneously.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Sulfo nhs by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

Sulfo-NHS is a water-soluble, amine-reactive compound commonly used in protein conjugation and modification reactions. It functions as an activated ester, facilitating the formation of stable amide bonds between primary amines and carboxyl groups. The core purpose of Sulfo-NHS is to enable efficient protein labeling and cross-linking in various biochemical and analytical applications.

N latex igg4 by Siemens

Sourced in United States

The N Latex IgG4 is a laboratory equipment product from Siemens. It is used for the quantitative determination of IgG4 in human serum and plasma.

What is IgG4 and why is it important in medical research?

IgG4 is a subtype of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody class, known for its unique structural and functional properties. It plays a pivotal role in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmune pancreatitis and multifocal fibrosclerosis. Understanding the mechanisms of IgG4 in disease processes is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. Researchers rely on IgG4 studies to gain insights into the complex pathogenesis of these conditions and explore novel therapeutic approaches.

What are some common challenges in working with IgG4 in research?

Researchers often face challenges in accurately identifying and quantifying IgG4 levels, as well as differentiating it from other IgG subtypes. Additionally, the heterogeneous nature of IgG4-related diseases and the limited availability of standardized protocols can make it difficult to ensure reproducibility and consistency in IgG4 research. These challenges can hinder the development of reliable diagnostic tools and effective treatments.

How can PubCompare.ai help optimize IgG4 research?

PubCompare.ai allows researchers to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols related to IgG4 for specific research goals. By highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness, PubCompare.ai enables researchers to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy, ultimately enhanceing their IgG4 studies.

Are there different variations or types of IgG4 that researchers should be aware of?

Yes, there are different variations and types of IgG4 that researchers should consider. For example, researchers have identified IgG4-specific autoantibodies that can serve as biomarkers for certain IgG4-related diseases. Additionally, the glycosylation patterns of IgG4 molecules can influence their effector functions and immune regulation, which is an area of active investigation. Understanding these nuances can help researchers design more targeted and effective studies on the role of IgG4 in health and disease.

What are some specific applications of IgG4 research?

IgG4 research has a wide range of applications in the medical field. Researchers study IgG4 to gain insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmune pancreatitis, multifocal fibrosclerosis, and IgG4-related kidney disease. Additionally, IgG4 levels and profiles are used as diagnostic markers for these conditions. Furthermore, therapies targeting IgG4-mediated pathways are being developed to manage IgG4-related diseases more effectively. By understanding the role of IgG4 in disease processes, researchers can contribute to improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of personalized medicine.

More about "IgG4"

IgG4, a subtype of immunoglobulin G, plays a pivotal role in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
This antibody is characterized by its unique structural and functional properties, including antibody-mediated effector functions and immune regulation.
IgG4-related diseases, such as autoimmune pancreatitis and multifocal fibrosclerosis, have garnered significant attention due to their complex pathogenesis and therapeutic challenges.
Understanding the role of IgG4 in disease processes is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Researchers can utilize tools like ImmunoCAP, Bio-Plex Manager 6.1 software, and BNII nephelometers to measure and analyze IgG4 levels.
Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody, has also shown promise in treating IgG4-related conditions.
To enhance reproducibility and accuracy in IgG4 research, scientists can leverage AI-driven comparisons from platforms like PubCompare.ai to identify the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Optimizing IgG4 research may involve using techniques such as flow cytometry with FACSCalibur, working with Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Sulfo-NHS, and leveraging N Latex IgG4 assays.
By expanding our knowledge of IgG4's involvement in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, researchers can develop more effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden of these complex conditions.