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LGALS9 protein, human
LGALS9 protein, human
LGALS9 (Galectin-9) is a lectin-family protein that binds to β-galactoside sugar moieties.
It plays a role in immune regulation, cell adhesion, and apoptosis.
The LGALS9 protein is expressed in various tissues and has been implicated in inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders.
Researchers can explore the latest LGALS9 protein reserch and optimize their experiments using PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that helps identify the most effective protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
It plays a role in immune regulation, cell adhesion, and apoptosis.
The LGALS9 protein is expressed in various tissues and has been implicated in inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders.
Researchers can explore the latest LGALS9 protein reserch and optimize their experiments using PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that helps identify the most effective protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Most cited protocols related to «LGALS9 protein, human»
Amylase
Animals
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Cells
Ceruletide
Females
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
K-ras Genes
LGALS9 protein, human
Lipase
Males
matrigel
Monoclonal Antibodies
Mus
Neoplasms
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Pancreatitis, Acute
Plasmids
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Fig. S1 shows the Tim-3 and PD-1 expression on CD8 and CD4 cells in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice. Fig. S2 shows the expression of PD-L1, Tim-3, and Galectin-9 on CT26 tumor cells. Fig. S3 shows the effects of anti–PD-L1 antibody on the growth of CT26 tumor in vitro. Fig. S4 shows the effect of in vivo targeting of the Tim-3 and PD-1 signaling pathways in tumor-bearing mice on peripheral T cell responses. Online supplemental material is available at http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/jem.20100637/DC1 .
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes
CD274 protein, human
Cells
HAVCR2 protein, human
LGALS9 protein, human
Mus
Neoplasms
Signal Transduction Pathways
Splenic Neoplasms
T-Lymphocyte
Plasma samples were centrifuged for 15 min at 1,500 × g followed by dilution at 2- and 4-fold for quantifying cytokine and chemokine profiles, respectively. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were quantified using the V-plex Plus proinflammatory panel 1, cytokine panel 1 kit, and chemokine panel 1 kits from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) according to the manufacturer’s instruction, which included IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12/23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, TNF-α, VEGF, eotaxin, MIP-1α, eotaxin-3, TARC, IP-10, MIP-1β, MCP-1, MDC, and MCP-4. A total of 120 plasma samples from COVID-19 patients and 59 plasma samples from healthy subjects were examined for cytokine/chemokine analysis. Data were acquired on the V-plex Sector Imager 2400 plate reader. Analyte concentrations were extrapolated from a standard curve calculated using a four-parameter logistic fit using MSD Workbench 3.0 software. CRP concentrations were received from the patient’s clinical files. The plasma Gal-9 was quantified using ELISA (R&D; DY 2045) as we reported elsewhere (24 (link), 25 (link)).
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CCL2 protein, human
CCL26 protein, human
Chemokine
COVID 19
Cytokine
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Eotaxin-1
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Healthy Volunteers
IL10 protein, human
Interferon Type II
Interleukin-1 beta
Interleukin-12
Interleukin-13
Interleukin-15
Interleukin-17A
LGALS9 protein, human
MCP-4 protein, human
Patients
Plasma
Technique, Dilution
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
HeLa (CCL-2), HepG2 (HB-8065) and NCI-H358 (CRL-5807) cells were purchased from ATCC whilst Huh7 (Riken - RCB1366) were a kind gift from Prof. Samir El-Andaloussi (KI, Stockholm), all cell lines were authenticated by STR profiling and tested negative for mycoplasma contamination. Cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified incubator in a complete media of DMEM + Glutamax (Huh7, HeLa, HepG2) or RPMI + Glutamax (NCI-H358 cells) both supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum.
Stable cells expressing mCherry-GAL9 were generated by knock-in at the AAVS1 locus. Cells were seeded at 2 × 105 cells/well (12-well) and transfected with mCherry-GAL9 reporter:AAVS1 zinc-finger nuclease (1:9) using FuGENE HD transfection reagent (Promega) as per manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were incubated for 48 h before the addition of 1 µg/ml Puromycin to select for stably integrated cells. Stable cells were subsequently sorted into similar expression pools by flow cytometry.
Stable cells expressing mCherry-GAL9 were generated by knock-in at the AAVS1 locus. Cells were seeded at 2 × 105 cells/well (12-well) and transfected with mCherry-GAL9 reporter:AAVS1 zinc-finger nuclease (1:9) using FuGENE HD transfection reagent (Promega) as per manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were incubated for 48 h before the addition of 1 µg/ml Puromycin to select for stably integrated cells. Stable cells were subsequently sorted into similar expression pools by flow cytometry.
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Cell Lines
Cells
Fetal Bovine Serum
Flow Cytometry
FuGene
HeLa Cells
LGALS9 protein, human
Mycoplasma
Promega
Puromycin
Transfection
Zinc Finger Nucleases
The expanded lymphocytes were reconstituted and cultured for 18–24 h (37 °C, 5% CO2) in LM supplemented with IL-2 (80 IU/mL). The cells were harvested, pelleted, and resuspended in the corresponding fresh medium at a concentration of 4 × 106 cells/mL. Alternatively, the cells were supplemented with recombinant galectin-9 (20 μg/mL, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) 30 min before cell stimulation. Cultured PC-3 cells were rinsed with PBS, trypsinized, harvested, and resuspended in the corresponding LM medium at a concentration of 1 × 106 cells/mL. The suspensions (100 µL) of lymphocytes and fresh PC-3 cells in the corresponding LM medium were combined in a U-bottom 96-well plate (Nalgene), extensively resuspended and cultured for 1 h (4:1 ratio of lymphocytes and PC-3 cells). The cells were gently supplemented with brefeldin A (BioLegend) and cultured for 4 h. The cells were transferred to V-bottom 96-well plates (Nalgene) and stained with live/dead fixable stain (Aqua, Waltham, MA, USA), fixed, and permeabilized as described [39 (link)]. The fixed and permeabilized cells were stained with the following antibodies: CD3-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD4-PE-Cy7 (eBiosciences), CD8-Alexa Fluor 700 (Exbio), TNFα-APC, and IFNγ-PE (Becton Dickinson) for 30–60 min at 4 °C. The stained cells were washed with PBS/EDTA and analyzed by flow cytometry as described above.
For determination of cytokine release, the expanded lymphocytes were stimulated as described above with the exception that the cells were not supplemented with brefeldin A and the cells were stimulated for 20 h. After the stimulation, 150 µL of supernatant was recovered from the U-bottom wells. The supernatant was cryopreserved or directly analyzed. The contents of TNFα and IFNγ released into the supernatant were determined as the concentration of cytokines released by 1 × 106 cells/mL into the supernatant using Duo-Set ELISA (R&D Systems).
For determination of cytokine release, the expanded lymphocytes were stimulated as described above with the exception that the cells were not supplemented with brefeldin A and the cells were stimulated for 20 h. After the stimulation, 150 µL of supernatant was recovered from the U-bottom wells. The supernatant was cryopreserved or directly analyzed. The contents of TNFα and IFNγ released into the supernatant were determined as the concentration of cytokines released by 1 × 106 cells/mL into the supernatant using Duo-Set ELISA (R&D Systems).
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Antibodies
Brefeldin A
Cells
CY5.5 cyanine dye
Cytokine
Edetic Acid
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Flow Cytometry
Interferon Type II
LGALS9 protein, human
Lymphocyte
PC 3 Cell Line
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Most recents protocols related to «LGALS9 protein, human»
Example 1
A formulation of a suspension composition of the type in the present disclosure for 1000 gram fluid is listed in Table 1 below. The suspension composition was prepared and used in Examples 1 and 2.
The suspension composition was firstly used in stability tests. The suspension composition was kept static in a standing 25 ml measuring cylinder to observe mixture stability.
After 21 days from preparation, density of the suspension composition was checked from top, middle and bottom portion of the suspension composition and shown in Table 2.
As shown in
Physical properties were measured for the suspension composition and shown in Table 3 below.
Example 2
Wellbore servicing fluids were prepared using a dry powder suspending agent or the suspension composition in Example 1. Test conditions and formulas of the wellbore servicing fluids are listed in Tables 4 and 5. The amounts of the cement blend composition are based on the total weight of the cement blend. The amount of the dry powder suspending agent is based on the total weight of the cement blend, while the dry powder suspending agent is not a part of the cement blend. Both of the wellbore servicing fluids had a density of 14.60 lbm/gal and a specific gravity of 1.75. The amount of the dry powder suspending agent in wellbore servicing fluid 1 (WSF1) was 1.3 g per 600 ml WSF1, which was equivalent to the amount of the crosslinked guar gum in wellbore servicing fluid 2 (WSF2).
Table 6 below shows 24 hr sonic compressive strength is lower in WSF2 compared to WSF1, however other properties are comparable.
Table 7 shows that the rheology data measured by a Fann® Model 35 viscometer for WSF 1 and WSF 2 are comparable.
Further, WSF1 and WSF2 were cured at 168° F./5.000 psig for 7 days and then tested for mechanical properties. The results are in Table 8 below.
The experiments demonstrate the following. 7 days curing data shows there was no adverse effect of the use of the suspension composition on mechanical properties of set cement. UCA Compressive Strength shows a slight delay in strength development for WSF2. Regarding to other slurry properties such as mixability, free fluid, rheology, gel strength, and fluid loss, there was no adverse effect of the use of the suspension composition by comparing WSF1 and WSF2.
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Dental Cements
Diet, Formula
GAL-1
Glycols
Gravity
guar gum
LGALS9 protein, human
Physical Processes
Powder
Pressure
Viscosity
The intracellular MAP load at 2 h and 7 d p. i. and the expression of NO-, EREG, Gal9, and C3 were the quantitative phenotypes analyzed. The variance components and h2 explained by all the SNPs were calculated using the genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) software 1.93.2, according to the following formula
where Is the variance explained by all the SNPs and is the residual variance (28 (link)).
where Is the variance explained by all the SNPs and is the residual variance (28 (link)).
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EREG protein, human
Genome
LGALS9 protein, human
MAP2 protein, human
Phenotype
Polygenic Traits
Protoplasm
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
The EREG, Gal9, and C3 expression was assessed in the supernatants of MAP-infected MDMs collected at 7 days p. i. using quantitative sandwich ELISAs according to the manufacturer’s instructions (MyBioSource, San Diego, US). The sensitivity of the EREG, Gal9, and C3 ELISA kits is 5 pg/ml (detection range, 31.2-1.000 pg/ml), 0.1 ng/ml (detection range, 0.625-20 ng/ml), and 2 µg/ml (detection range, 15.6 μg/ml-500 μg/ml), respectively. Briefly, standards and samples (50 µl) were added in duplicate into a Microelisa Stripplate provided with each kit. One hundred microliters of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody were added to each well. After incubation for 60 min at 37°C in the dark, the plate was washed four times with 350 µl of wash solution and incubated with 50 µl of 3, 3′, 5, 5′-Tetramethylbenzidine for 15 min at 37°C in the dark. After adding 50 µl of stop solution into each well, the OD values were measured in an ELISA reader at 450 nm (Thermo Scientific Multiskan, US). We average the duplicate readings for each standard and sample and subtract the average OD of the blank. A standard curve was generated by plotting the mean OD values of each standard on the vertical axis and the corresponding concentration on the horizontal axis. The levels of EREG, Gal9, and C3 in each sample were interpolated from the standard curve. The correlations between the intracellular MAP load within MDMs at 2 h and 7 d p. i., and the quantification of EREG, Gal9, and C3 protein levels were analyzed using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) implemented in R 4.1.2. considering a coefficient with a P-value less than or equal to 0.05 as significant.
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3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Epistropheus
EREG protein, human
Horseradish Peroxidase
Hypersensitivity
Immunoglobulins
LGALS9 protein, human
methylene dimethanesulfonate
Proteins
Protoplasm
Immunohistochemistry was performed using our laboratory protocol described previously (8 (link),9 (link)). Briefly, 4-μm serial sections were deparaffinized and subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using 10 mM sodium citrate (pH 6.0) at 95°C for 20 min. The endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched using a 0.3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Sections were incubated with primary antibodies against LAG-3 (Clone D4G40, 1:100), TIM-3 (Clone D5D5R, 1:200), GAL-9 (Clone D9G40, 1:200), PD-1 (Clone D4W2J, 1:200), CD68 (Clone D4B9C, 1:500), CD8 (Clone D8A8Y, 1:200), and FOXP3 (Clone D2W8E, 1:200). All antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, United states). All slides were stained using an automatic immunohistochemistry staining instrument (Bond Max, Leica Biosystems; Buffalo Grove, IL, United states) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Human tonsil tissues stained using the primary antibodies were used as positive controls; the same tissues with isotypematched immunoglobulins comprised the negative controls.
The tumors were distinguished from the stroma and TIIs using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of LAG-3, TIM-3, GAL-9, PD-1, CD68, CD8, and FOXP3 in the TIIs was assessed independently by two pathologists (LJ. Z and SN. Y), who were blinded to clinical outcomes. Five representative fields were selected for each slide at ×40 magnification. The percentages of cells that stained positive for each marker were quantified in 5% increments of the overall tumor section. The density of the positive immune cells in the TIIs was classified using a semi-quantitative score as 0 (negative, <5%), 1 (sporadic, 5%–25%), 2 (moderate, 25%–50%), or 3 (strong positive, >50%).
The tumors were distinguished from the stroma and TIIs using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of LAG-3, TIM-3, GAL-9, PD-1, CD68, CD8, and FOXP3 in the TIIs was assessed independently by two pathologists (LJ. Z and SN. Y), who were blinded to clinical outcomes. Five representative fields were selected for each slide at ×40 magnification. The percentages of cells that stained positive for each marker were quantified in 5% increments of the overall tumor section. The density of the positive immune cells in the TIIs was classified using a semi-quantitative score as 0 (negative, <5%), 1 (sporadic, 5%–25%), 2 (moderate, 25%–50%), or 3 (strong positive, >50%).
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Antibodies
Buffaloes
Clone Cells
Eosin
Epitopes
HAVCR2 protein, human
Hematoxylin
Homo sapiens
Immunoglobulins
LGALS9 protein, human
Neoplasms
Palatine Tonsil
Pathologists
Peroxidase
Peroxide, Hydrogen
Sodium Citrate
Tissues
HeLa cells stably expressing YFP-galectin-9 were imaged using live-cell microscopy for 8 h during treatment with lipoplex-formulated siGFP-1 at 2:4 pmol:µl ratio of siRNA to LF2000. Endosomal siRNA release was then automatically and manually detected in each cell. For manual event detection, each cell was observed frame by frame until a release event was visible or until the end of the acquisition. For event detection, both automated and automated combined with manual quality control, the procedure was performed as described above. De novo recruitment and colocalization of galectin-9 with siRNA-lipoplexes was then manually evaluated in all cells and the first galectin-9 positive event was recorded. Cells located partially outside the image border at the time of siRNA release or galectin-9 recruitment were excluded. For the manual and automated detection of cytosolic siRNA release, cells were evaluated up until the first detected event. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the cytosolic release detection to correctly identify the first siRNA release event in an evaluated cell, observations were classified as follows: cytosolic release events detected within five frames before or after galectin-9 recruitment to the releasing lipoplex were considered true positive observations. If no cytosolic siRNA was detected even though galectin-9 was recruited to a visible lipoplex, the observation was considered false negative. Observations were classified as true negative if no cytosolic siRNA release was detected and no recruitment of galectin-9 to lipoplexes could be observed, and false positive if the cytosolic release was detected in the absence of observable galectin-9 recruitment to the releasing lipoplex within five frames before or after the detection. Manual quality control was then performed of all siRNA release events identified by the automated detection algorithm, providing the opportunity to correct false positive events, that were then reclassified as true negative observations. This approach is analogous to the manual quality control of release events identified in experiments evaluating d1-eGFP knockdown (without galectin-9 reference). Release detection sensitivity was calculated as all true positive events divided by the sum of true positive and false negative observations. Specificity was calculated as true negative observations divided by the sum of true negative and false positive events.
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Cells
Cytosol
Endosomes
Germ Cells
HeLa Cells
Hypersensitivity
LGALS9 protein, human
lipofectamine 2000
Microscopy
Reading Frames
RNA, Small Interfering
Top products related to «LGALS9 protein, human»
Sourced in United States
Galectin-9 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that belongs to the galectin family. It plays a role in various biological processes, including immune regulation, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. This product is intended for research use only.
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Gal-9 is a recombinant human Galectin-9 protein. Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family of proteins that bind to beta-galactoside sugar moieties. It functions as a lectin and plays a role in various biological processes.
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The Microplate spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the absorbance of samples in a microplate format. It is used to quantify various biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, by detecting their optical properties.
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α-lactose is a disaccharide compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. α-lactose serves as a basic laboratory reagent and is often utilized in various biochemical and microbiological applications.
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IFN-γ is a laboratory reagent used to detect and measure interferon-gamma, a cytokine protein that plays a key role in the immune response. It is often used in cell-based assays and immunoassays to quantify IFN-γ levels in biological samples.
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The Human Galectin-9 Quantikine ELISA Kit is a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay designed for the measurement of human galectin-9 in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma.
Sourced in United States
Galectin-9 is a protein that plays a role in various biological processes, including immune regulation, cell-cell interactions, and cell adhesion. It is a member of the galectin family of lectins, which bind to beta-galactoside carbohydrates. Galectin-9 is expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues, and its functions are an area of active research.
More about "LGALS9 protein, human"
LGALS9, Galectin-9, Lectin, β-galactoside, Immune regulation, Cell adhesion, Apoptosis, Inflammatory disorders, Autoimmune disorders, Neoplastic disorders, PubCompare.ai, TRIzol reagent, RNeasy Mini Kit, FBS, Gal-9, Microplate spectrophotometer, α-lactose, IFN-γ, Human Galectin-9 Quantikine ELISA Kit