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Norvaline

Norvaline: A naturally-occuring amino acid with potential therapeutic applications.
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Most cited protocols related to «Norvaline»

1
Plant Amino Acid Quantification by UPLC
Cited 16 times
Amino acids were extracted by homogenizing plant shoots (200 mg FW) in 1 ml of 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (MagNALyser; Roche, Vilvoorde, Belgium; 1 min, 7000 rpm), spiked with norvaline to estimate the loss of amino acids during extraction, and centrifugation at 20 000 g for 20 min. The supernatant was vacuum‐evaporated, and the pellet resuspended in 1 ml of chloroform. The plant residue was re‐extracted with 1 ml HPLC grade water using MagNALyser and the supernatant after centrifugation (20 000 g for 20 min) was mixed with the pellet suspended in chloroform. Then the extracts were centrifuged for 10 min at 20 000 g and the aqueous phase was filtered by Millipore microfilters (0.2‐μm pore size) before assaying amino acid concentrations. Amino acids were measured by using a Waters Acquity UPLC‐tqd system (Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a BEH amide 2.1 × 50 column (Sinha et al., 2013).
AbdElgawad H., De Vos D., Zinta G., Domagalska M.A., Beemster G.T, & Asard H. (2015). Grassland species differentially regulate proline concentrations under future climate conditions: an integrated biochemical and modelling approach. The New Phytologist, 208(2), 354-369.
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Publication 2015
Amides Amino Acids Centrifugation Chloroform Ethanol High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies norvaline Plants Plant Shoots Vacuum
2
Quantifying Plasma Amino Acids by LC-MS/MS
Cited 14 times
Plasma samples and amino acid calibration standards were prepared with MassTrak Amino Acid Analysis Solution (AAA) kit from Waters according to instructions with slight modifications for detection on a mass spectrometer. A 10 point standard concentration curve was made from the calibration standard solution to calculate amino acid concentrations in plasma samples. A solution containing U-13C4-L-aspartic acid, U-13C3-L-alanine, U-13C4-L-threonine, U-13C5-L-proline, U-13C5-L-valine, U-13C6-leucine, U-13C6-phenylalanine all from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, 13C6-tyrosine from Isotec, L-arginine (15N2, 2H2) from MassTrace, norvaline from Sigma dissolved in 0.01N HCl was used as the internal standard solution. Frozen plasma samples were thawed, spiked with internal standard then deproteinized with cold MeOH followed by centrifugation at 10,000 g for 5 minutes prior to derivatization according to MassTrak instructions. The amino acid derivatizing reagent used was 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. High resolution separation was done using an Acquity UPLC system, injecting 1 µl of derviatized solution, with a UPLC BEH C18 1.7 micron 2.1×150 mm column from Waters. Column flow was set to 400 µl/min with a gradient from 99.9%A to 98%B where buffer A is 1% acetonitrile in 0.1% formic acid and buffer B is 100% acetonitrile. A column temp of 43 degrees Celsius and a sample tray temp of 6% Celsius. Mass detection was completed on a TSQ Ultra Quantum from Thermo Finnigan running in ESI positive mode. A scan width of 0.002, scan time of 0.04 seconds per transition mass, collision energy of 25, collision gas pressure of 1.5 mTorr, tube lens value set to 90, monitoring a signature ion of the derivitized amines at m/z 171.04 by selected reaction monitoring. Using this method 39 amino acids and metabolites were measured as shown in Table 2 and Table S1 (supplementary data).
Lanza I.R., Zhang S., Ward L.E., Karakelides H., Raftery D, & Nair K.S. (2010). Quantitative Metabolomics by 1H-NMR and LC-MS/MS Confirms Altered Metabolic Pathways in Diabetes. PLoS ONE, 5(5), e10538.
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Publication 2010
6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate acetonitrile Alanine Amines Amino Acids Arginine Aspartic Acid Buffers Centrifugation Cold Temperature formic acid Freezing Isotopes Lens, Crystalline Leucine Neoplasm Metastasis norvaline Phenylalanine Plasma Pressure Proline Radionuclide Imaging Threonine Tyrosine Valine
3
Amino Acid Recovery from Plasma Samples
Cited 13 times
Although the need for assessing recovery of AA during the solid-phase extraction and derivatisation procedure is rendered unnecessary by the use of the internal standard, recovery of some amino acids of interest from plasma samples was tested. Four different plasma samples were spiked with three concentrations (50, 200 and 400 μM) of the three AA of interest, namely Val, Leu and Ile. The lowest concentration is equal to or less than the physiological lower value, whereas the highest can be attained and/or exceeded during the acute Trp depletion or loading tests. The values obtained from each control (unspiked) plasma sample were subtracted from those observed with the corresponding spiked plasma and recorded as a percentage of the corresponding standard concentration of each AA calibrant. Additionally, a recovery of the norvaline internal standard (NVIS; added at the 200 μM concentration used routinely) was calculated from a previous experiment with 10 different plasma samples.
Badawy A.A., Morgan C.J, & Turner J.A. (2007). Application of the Phenomenex EZ:faast™ amino acid analysis kit for rapid gas-chromatographic determination of concentrations of plasma tryptophan and its brain uptake competitors. Amino Acids, 34(4), 587-596.
Publication 2007
Amino Acids norvaline physiology Plasma Solid Phase Extraction
4
Comprehensive Peptide Modifications in PEPstrMOD
Cited 13 times
The updated web server PEPstrMOD (PEPstr with modified residues) can handle natural as well as modified peptides. Apart from incorporation of these modifications, the simulations are performed using AMBER v11.0 instead of old v6.0. The GROMACS (version 4.6.5) molecular dynamics software package is also used for implementing the SwissSideChain force field library. Table 1 shows different modifications, which can be handled using PEPstrMOD and the resources used to handle such modifications. The modifications incorporated in the PEPstrMOD are described below.

Types of peptides that can be handled with different modifications and the resources used to handle such modifications

Module nameBrief descriptionResources used
Natural peptidesPrediction of peptides having natural residue.PEPstr algorithm using AMBER11.
D-amino acidsIncorporation of D amino acids in a peptide.Using inbuilt ‘flip’ command in AMBER11
Terminal modificationsAcetylation at N-terminus and/or amidation/N-methylamide group at C-terminus.Using existing force field parameters in AMBER11.
Peptide cyclizationN-C cyclization of peptides or peptides having disulfide bridges.Using inbuilt ‘bond’ command in AMBER11.
Non-natural modificationIncorporation of any of the 147 non-natural residues. (e.g. Homoserine, N-alkylated residues, β-substituted residues etc.).FFNCAA library comprising 147 non-natural residues compatible with AMBER11.
Incorporation of any of the 210 non-natural residues. (e.g. Ornithine, Norvaline, Halogenated residues etc.).SwissSideChain library comprising 210 non-natural residues compatible with GROMACS.
PTMs of residuePeptides with any of the 32 diverse PTMs. (e.g. phosphorylation, palmitoylation, hydroxylation etc.).FFPTM library compatible with AMBER11.
Advance modificationCombination of all the above six modules to provide facility to incorporate multiple modifications in one step.All the resources used in the above modules.
Structure simulationsFacility to provide extended simulations.All the resources used in the above modules.
Singh S., Singh H., Tuknait A., Chaudhary K., Singh B., Kumaran S, & Raghava G.P. (2015). PEPstrMOD: structure prediction of peptides containing natural, non-natural and modified residues. Biology Direct, 10, 73.
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Publication 2015
Amber Amino Acids cDNA Library Cyclization Disulfides Homoserine Hydroxylation Molecular Dynamics norvaline Ornithine Palmitoylation Peptides Phosphorylation polypeptide C Post-Translational Protein Processing
5
Intracellular Metabolite Analysis via GC-MS
Cited 12 times
For GC-MS analysis of intracellular metabolites, cells were grown to about 1
million cells/0.5 mg cell protein per culture well. Medium was removed and saved
for analysis, cells were washed quickly 3 times with cold PBS, and 0.45 ml cold
methanol (50% v/v in water with 20 μM L-norvaline as internal standard)
was added to each well. Culture plates were transferred to dry ice for 30 min.
After thawing on ice, the methanol extract was transferred to a microcentrifuge
tube (the described treatment disrupted cells without the necessity of
scraping). Chloroform (0.225 ml) was added, the tube was vortexed and
centrifuged at 10,000g for 5 min at 4°C. The upper layer was dried in a
centrifugal evaporator and derivatized with 30 μl O-isobutylhydroxylamine
hydrochloride (20 mg/ml in pyridine, TCI) for 20 min at 80°C, followed by
30 μl
N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide
(Sigma or Regis) for 60 min at 80°C. After cooling, the derivatization
mixture was transferred to an autosampler vial for analysis.
For digestion of cellular proteins, cells washed as above (while still attached
to plates) were lysed in 0.6 ml 10 mM tris-HCl, pH 7.3 containing 1 mM EDTA, 1%
Triton X100 and 0.4 mM L-norvaline. A small fraction (20 μl) was dried
and digested for 18 h with 200 μl 6N HCl. After drying under nitrogen,
the digest was derivatized for GC-MS as above.
For GC-MS analysis of medium, 40 μl of medium was mixed with 0.4 ml cold
methanol (50% v/v in water with 20 μM L-norvaline as internal standard).
The methanolic extract was counter-extracted with 0.2 ml chloroform, dried, and
derivatized as for cell extracts.
GC-MS protocols were similar to those described before [3 (link)], except a modified temperature gradient was used for GC:
Initial temperature was 130°C, held for 4 min, rising at 6°C/min
to 243°C, rising at 60°C/min to 280°C, held for 2 min. Data
were corrected for natural 13C labeling as before [3 (link)]. Metabolites were quantified against
varied amounts of standard mixtures run in parallel and data were analyzed using
Metaquant [35 (link)]. Quantities were corrected
for recovery using the L-norvaline internal standard. Glutamine uptake from
medium and lactate secretion into medium were measured using a YSI model 7100
enzyme analyzer rather than by GC-MS.
Ratnikov B., Aza-Blanc P., Ronai Z.A., Smith J.W., Osterman A.L, & Scott D.A. (2015). Glutamate and asparagine cataplerosis underlie glutamine addiction in melanoma. Oncotarget, 6(10), 7379-7389.
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Publication 2015
ARID1A protein, human Cell Culture Techniques Cell Extracts Cells Chloroform Cold Temperature Dry Ice Edetic Acid Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Glutamine Lactate Methanol Nitrogen norvaline Protein Digestion Proteins Protoplasm pyridine secretion TERT protein, human Triton X-100 Tromethamine

Most recents protocols related to «Norvaline»

1
Rapamycin-Induced Protein Dimerization Assay
0.25 μg of the FRB-flag-APEX2 plasmid and 0.125 μg of the FKBP-myc-DAAO plasmid were co-transfected into HeLa cells using lipofectamine 2000. Rapamycin (Sigma, 553210) was dissolved in DMSO and added from a 110 μM stock solution directly to the cells (before seeding into 96-well plates) to a final concentration of 100 nM. DMSO was used as a solvent control. Cells were incubated with Rapamycin for 24 h, then stimulated with D-norvaline and measured. For the glucose starvation assay, transfected cells were seeded in DMEM (no glucose, no glutamine, no phenol red) supplemented with 2% (v/v) bovine calf serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 50 units/mL penicillin and streptomycin with or without 100 nM Rapamycin for 24 h. During the AmUR measurement and before the addition of D-norvaline, 10 μL of a 10 g/L glucose in PBS solution was added to the cells for about 2 min (final concentration of 1 g/L). This was then followed by the addition of D-norvaline and the continuation of the measurement.
Eid M., Barayeu U., Sulková K., Aranda-Vallejo C, & Dick T.P. (2024). Using the heme peroxidase APEX2 to probe intracellular H2O2 flux and diffusion. Nature Communications, 15, 1239.
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Publication 2024
2
Amino Acid Derivatization Procedure
Not available on PMC !
Eluent A and B (Cas 186003839) were used as received in the AccQ Tag Ultra Derivatization Kit, Water kit (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) (186003836). Eluent A (50 mL) was prepared by mixing with 950 mL of deionised water, while Eluent B was supplied [14] (link). A weak wash solvent was made by adding 5% acetonitrile in water, while a strong wash solvent was used at 95% acetonitrile (Cas 75-05-8/100030). The preparation of 6-Aminoq, quinoline N-succinimidyl ester (AQC) with the catalogue number [Cas 148757-94-2] was carried out by drying in acetonitrile of 1 mL. AQC was added to the reagent in a vial containing 3 mg of AQC [15] (link). This vial was then heated, vortexed, and sonicated to dissolve the reagent completely. A derivatising agent of 20 µL was used for each sample, allowing a 1 mL sample for each reaction. The derivatising agent was prone to hydrolysis and was stored in a desiccator to maintain its stability for approximately one week.
Internal Standard (L-Norvaline) [Cas 6600-40-4/841505] ISO 90012] [16] was prepared by weighing 10 mg of L-Norvaline into a 15 mL centrifuge tube and making up to 10 mL with MilliQ water. This 1000 ppm L-Norvaline stock solution was diluted five times to produce a 200 ppm solution used during sample preparation. The derivatisation reaction was also sped up by heating the vials at 55 • C for 10 min before analysis. The amino acids were measured as free amino acids or after hydrolysis of proteins using standard 6 M hydrochloric acids (HCl) [Cas 7647-01-0] acid digestion as an 800 µL sample + 200 µL of Norvaline stock solution. A dilution of 10 µL was used during derivatisation. The standards were prepared using an 80 µL std solution + 20 µL of Norvaline stock solution with no dilution factor [15] (link). Derivatisation Procedure of Amino Acids Borate buffer (Cas 101645) of 70 µL was poured into a 200 µL glass and inserted into a 2 mL glass vial. A diluted egusi flour/standard solution of 10 µL was added. AQC reagent of 20 µL was added, and the sample was capped and vortexed well to mix. The mixture was transferred into vials previously heated in an oven/heating mantle at 55 • C for 10 min. After 10 min at 55 • C, the vials were ready and loaded into the autosampler tray for analysis [17] (link).
Olubi O., Felix-Minnaar J.V., & Jideani V.A. (2024). Nutritional Profiling of Underutilised Citrullus Lanatus Mucosospermus Seed Flour. Applied Sciences, 14(9), 3709-3709.
Publication 2024
3
Fecal Metabolome Extraction and GC-MS Analysis
A total of 62 feces samples were categorized into three groups according to clinical types. Internal standards, L-norleucine and L-norvaline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). For the sample preparation, 80 μL of cold methanol with 5 μg/mL L-norleucine was added to extract metabolites from 20 ul of the supernatant obtained from a mixture of 100 mg feces and 100 ul water. After centrifuging at 4 °C and 14,000 × g for 15 min, 40 μL supernatants and 5 μL L-norvaline (50 μg/mL) were evaporated under a nitrogen stream. The dried products were reconstituted in 35 μL methoxyamine hydrochloride in pyridine (containing 5 μg/mL n-alkanes standards) (37 ℃, 90 min) and derivatized in 35 μL of BSTFA (with 1% TMCS) (70 ℃, 60 min) for GC–MS metabolomics analysis. Additionally, 100 µL of each fecal sample was mixed as a quality control (QC) sample.
Wang Y., Xie Y., Mahara G., Xiong Y., Xiong Y., Zheng Q., Chen J., Zhang W., Zhou H, & Li Q. (2024). Intestinal microbiota and metabolome perturbations in ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Translational Medicine, 22, 89.
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Publication 2024
4
Amino Acid Standards Preparation
Not available on PMC !

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Publication 2024
5
Metabolite Extraction and Derivatization Protocol
The metabolite standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (MO, USA), Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan), Aladdin (Shanghai, China), J&K Chemicals (Beijing, China), and Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). The extraction solvents methanol and chloroform were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China). Methoxyamine hydrochloride (MEOX, ≥98%), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA, ≥98%), and anhydrous pyridine (≥99.5%) were used as derivatization reagents and were obtained from Sigma. Internal standards (ISs) of phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (TCI, ≥99%), hexanedioic acid (Aladdin, ≥99%), and L-norvaline (Aladdin, ≥99%) were used.
Jing Y., Chen W., Qiu X., Qin S., Gao W., Li C., Quan W, & Cai K. (2024). Exploring Metabolic Characteristics in Different Geographical Locations and Yields of Nicotiana tabacum L. Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Pseudotargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics. Metabolites, 14(4), 176.
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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Norvaline»

1
Norvaline by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe
Norvaline is a laboratory reagent used in biochemical research and analysis. It serves as a chemical standard and intermediate for various analytical techniques. The core function of Norvaline is to provide a reliable and consistent reference point for the identification and quantification of related compounds in scientific experiments and procedures.
2
L norvaline by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China
L-norvaline is a non-proteinogenic amino acid used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as a substrate for studying enzymatic reactions and as a building block in the synthesis of various organic compounds. The core function of L-norvaline is to enable scientific research and experimentation in a controlled laboratory environment.
3
Acquity uplc system by Waters Corporation
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Singapore, China, Ireland
The Acquity UPLC system is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument designed for analytical and preparative applications. The system utilizes ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technology to provide rapid and efficient separation of complex samples. The Acquity UPLC system is capable of operating at high pressures and flow rates, enabling the use of small particle size columns to achieve enhanced chromatographic resolution and sensitivity.
4
Accq tag ultra derivatization kit by Waters Corporation
Sourced in United States, Germany, France
The AccQ-Tag Ultra Derivatization Kit is a laboratory product designed for the derivatization of amino acids. The kit contains the necessary reagents and components to facilitate the chemical modification of amino acids, enabling their analysis and quantification using chromatographic techniques.
5
Ultimate 3000 rslc by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom
The Ultimate 3000 RSLC is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system designed for efficient and reliable separation and analysis of a wide range of samples. It features a modular design, allowing for customization to meet specific analytical needs. The system delivers precise flow control, accurate temperature regulation, and robust performance to support various applications in analytical laboratories.
6
L serine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, China, Canada
L-serine is a naturally occurring amino acid that serves as a building block for proteins. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. L-serine is commonly used in various laboratory applications, including cell culture media, biochemical assays, and as a reagent in analytical procedures.
7
Empower software by Waters Corporation
Sourced in United States, Singapore, France
Empower software is a comprehensive data acquisition and management system developed by Waters Corporation for use in analytical laboratories. It provides a user-friendly interface for controlling various analytical instruments, collecting and processing data, and managing laboratory workflows.
8
Luna nh2 by Phenomenex
Sourced in United States
The Luna NH2 is a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column designed for the separation and analysis of a wide range of polar and moderately polar analytes. It features a silica-based stationary phase with amino (NH2) functional groups, which provide a unique selectivity for the separation of these compounds.
9
Formic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, France, Spain, China, Poland, India, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Macao, Hungary, Czechia, Netherlands, Portugal, Brazil, Singapore, Austria, Mexico, Chile, Sweden, Bulgaria, Denmark, Malaysia, Norway, New Zealand, Japan, Romania, Finland, Indonesia
Formic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid chemical compound. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
10
L glutamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Switzerland, Australia, Spain, Belgium, Canada, China, Austria, Macao, Brazil, Poland, Japan, Ireland, Israel, Sao Tome and Principe, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Argentina, Hungary, Portugal, India, Singapore, Norway, Romania, New Zealand, Senegal
L-glutamine is a laboratory-grade amino acid that serves as a key component in cell culture media. It provides a source of nitrogen and energy for cellular metabolism, supporting the growth and proliferation of cells in vitro.

More about "Norvaline"

Norvaline is a naturally-occurring amino acid that has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic applications.
This non-proteinogenic amino acid, also known as L-norvaline, has been the subject of extensive research due to its unique properties and possible clinical uses.
One of the key advantages of working with Norvaline is the availability of advanced analytical tools and techniques.
Researchers often leverage the Acquity UPLC system, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) platform, in conjunction with the AccQ-Tag Ultra Derivatization Kit to accurately quantify and characterize Norvaline samples.
The Ultimate 3000 RSLC, another state-of-the-art HPLC system, is also commonly employed in Norvaline studies.
Alongside these analytical instruments, researchers may utilize amino acid analysis techniques, such as those involving the Luna NH2 column, to separate and identify Norvaline and its related compounds.
The Empower software, a powerful data acquisition and processing tool, can further facilitate the analysis and interpretation of Norvaline-related data.
Norvaline's potential therapeutic applications have been explored in various contexts.
For instance, it has been investigated for its potential role in modulating amino acid metabolism, particularly in relation to L-serine and L-glutamine.
These interconnected pathways may hold the key to unlocking novel treatments or optimizing existing therapies.
By leveraging the insights and tools available, researchers can streamline their Norvaline studies, accelerating the discovery process and identifying the most effective products and procedures.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform is designed to assist in this endeavor, providing data-driven comparisons and facilitating the identification of the optimal Norvaline-related protocols from the vast body of literature, preprints, and patents.