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Nucleocapsid Proteins

Nucleocapsid proteins are essential structural components of viruses, encapsulating the viral genome and facilitating viral assembly and infection.
They play a crucial role in the biology and pathogenesis of many viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and HIV.
Understanidng the properties and function of nucleocapsid proteins is critical for developing effective diagnostic tools, therapeutics, and vaccines.
This MeSH term provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and clinical significance of nucleocapsid proteins.

Most cited protocols related to «Nucleocapsid Proteins»

COVID-19 Diagnostic RT-PCR Protocol

Cited 19 times

The 2019-nCoV laboratory test assays were based on the previous WHO recommendation.¹⁰ Upper and lower respiratory tract specimens were obtained from patients. RNA was extracted and tested by real-time RT-PCR with 2019-nCoV–specific primers and probes. Tests were carried out in biosafety level 2 facilities at the Hubei (provincial) CDC and then at the National Institute for Viral Disease Control at China CDC. If two targets (open reading frame 1a or 1b, nucleocapsid protein) tested positive by specific real-time RT-PCR, the case would be considered to be laboratory-confirmed. A cycle threshold value (Ct-value) less than 37 was defined as a positive test, and a Ct-value of 40 or more was defined as a negative test. A medium load, defined as a Ct-value of 37 to less than 40, required confirmation by retesting. If the repeated Ct-value was less than 40 and an obvious peak was observed, or if the repeated Ct-value was less than 37, the retest was deemed positive. The genome was identified in samples of bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid from the patient by one of three methods: Sanger sequencing, Illumina sequencing, or nanopore sequencing. Respiratory specimens were inoculated in cells for viral isolation in enhanced biosafety laboratory 3 facilities at the China CDC.^{3 (link)}

Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X., Zhou L., Tong Y., Ren R., Leung K.S., Lau E.H., Wong J.Y., Xing X., Xiang N., Wu Y., Li C., Chen Q., Li D., Liu T., Zhao J., Liu M., Tu W., Chen C., Jin L., Yang R., Wang Q., Zhou S., Wang R., Liu H., Luo Y., Liu Y., Shao G., Li H., Tao Z., Yang Y., Deng Z., Liu B., Ma Z., Zhang Y., Shi G., Lam T.T., Wu J.T., Gao G.F., Cowling B.J., Yang B., Leung G.M, & Feng Z. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199-1207.

Publication 2020

Biological Assay Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cells Genome isolation Nucleocapsid Proteins Oligonucleotide Primers Patients Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Respiratory Rate Respiratory System SARS-CoV-2 Virus Diseases

Optimized RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection

Cited 15 times

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Publication 2020

Antibodies Antigens Biohazards Biological Assay Biological Markers Buffers Child Clinical Laboratory Services Communicable Diseases COVID 19 Cross Reactions Diagnosis Dimercaprol DNA, Complementary DNA, Double-Stranded Donors Emergencies Enzymes Fluorescent Dyes Food Gene Amplification Gene Products, env Genes Genes, vif Genes, Viral Genome Gold Health Personnel Human Body Hydrolysis Hypersensitivity Immunoglobulins Infection Membrane Proteins Nasopharynx Nose Nucleic Acids Nucleocapsid Nucleocapsid Proteins Oligonucleotide Primers Oropharynxs Pandemics Parts, Body Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharynx Plasma Quarantine Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Rectum Respiratory Rate Respiratory System Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription RNA, recombinant RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase RNase P Safety Saline Solution Sarbecovirus SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Specimen Collection spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Sputum Test Preparation Tests, Serologic Viral Genome Virus Virus Diseases

Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Proteome

Cited 12 times

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Publication 2021

Amino Acid Sequence COVID 19 DNA Helicases Endopeptidases Endoribonucleases Exons Genome Guanine Membrane Proteins Methyltransferase nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease Nucleocapsid Proteins Papain Proteins Protein Synthesis Inhibitors RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase SARS-CoV-2 SH2D3A protein, human spike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Comparative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assays

Cited 12 times

Plasma/serum specimens were analyzed using five commercially available EIAs: the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, the Epitope Diagnostics, Inc. (EDI), Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 IgG ELISA kit, the ImmunoDiagnostics SARS-CoV-2 NP IgG ELISA kit, the Abbott-Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), and the Roche Diagnostics Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 E-CLIA (Table 1). These EIAs were selected because data on their performance characteristics in diverse samples are limited, because of the feasibility (with respect to the supply chain) of obtaining the assay kits, and because of the availability of the necessary equipment (e.g., platform). In addition to the inclusion of EIAs that have received an EUA by the FDA for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Euroimmun, Abbott, Roche), EIAs that have not received an EUA were included as they may still be used for research purposes or may be approved later by the FDA (EDI and ImmunoDiagnostics) (21 (link)). The target antigen for each EIA is the nucleocapsid protein, with the exception of the Euroimmun assay, for which the target antigen is the S1 protein. The Roche assay measures total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, whereas the others measure only anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Specimens were tested by each EIA based on sample volume availability and assay kit availability at the time of testing. All EIAs were purchased from the manufacturer.
EIAs were conducted according to the manufacturers’ instructions, unless specified otherwise. The intended use of each EIA per the manufacturers’ instructions is the qualitative detection of antibodies; however, each EIA provides continuous output normalized by a calibrator. Indeed, interpretation of the continuous output as a semiquantitative measure is in contradiction with some of the manufacturers’ instructions (i.e., Roche). For simplicity, we refer to the normalized continuous output of each EIA as a “ratio” value. The manufacturers’ cutoff values to indicate positive, indeterminate/borderline, or negative serostatus for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are listed in Table 1.

Patel E.U., Bloch E.M., Clarke W., Hsieh Y.H., Boon D., Eby Y., Fernandez R.E., Baker O.R., Keruly M., Kirby C.S., Klock E., Littlefield K., Miller J., Schmidt H.A., Sullivan P., Piwowar-Manning E., Shrestha R., Redd A.D., Rothman R.E., Sullivan D., Shoham S., Casadevall A., Quinn T.C., Pekosz A., Tobian A.A, & Laeyendecker O. (2021). Comparative Performance of Five Commercially Available Serologic Assays To Detect Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and Identify Individuals with High Neutralizing Titers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 59(2), e02257-20.

Publication 2020

anti-IgG Antibodies Antigens Biological Assay Cell-Derived Microparticles COVID 19 Diagnosis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epitopes Immunoassay Immunodiagnosis Nucleocapsid Proteins Plasma Proteins SARS-CoV-2 Serum

Household COVID-19 Surveillance Protocol

Cited 9 times

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Publication 2020

ABI1 protein, human Biological Assay Child COVID 19 Gene Products, Protein Genes Health Personnel Households M protein, multiple myeloma Nose Nucleocapsid Proteins Parent Pharynx Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Workers Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Nucleocapsid Proteins»

Immunofluorescent Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Tissue

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Publication 2023

Antibodies Biological Factors Cattle Cytokeratin DAPI Equus asinus Freezing Goat Gold Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins isononanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate Lung Microscopy, Confocal Mus Novus Nucleocapsid Proteins Pecam1 protein, mouse Rabbits SARS-CoV-2 Serum Serum Albumin Technique, Dilution Tissues Triton X-100

COVID-19 Progression Monitoring

Nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from patients the day before enrolment and every two days after enrolment until the patients were discharged. Positive or negative results for SARS-CoV-2 and cycle threshold (CT) values for open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) and nucleocapsid protein (N) in specific genomes were tested by RT-PCR. Laboratory tests for patients’ liver enzymes, blood cell counts, and immune-related indicators (percentage and absolute count of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells) were performed on the day of pre-treatment and the day before discharge visits. Administration records of arbidol tablets and adverse events (AEs) were monitored daily by the responsible physician. In addition, patients’ demographic data, previous health status, pre-admission epidemiological characteristics, and treatment received after admission were thoroughly recorded.

Zhao J., Li Y., Chen R., Xu Y., Yang Q., Zhang H., Yin Z., Gu W., Hu J., Chen L., Li J., Ning G., Cheng Q., Zhou M, & Qu J. (2023). Real-world experience of arbidol for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 15(2), 452-461.

Publication 2023

Arbidol Blood Cell Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Enzymes Genome Liver Function Tests Nasopharynx Nucleocapsid Proteins Patient Discharge Patients Physicians Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody and Biomarker Detection

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Publication 2023

Antibodies Chemiluminescent Assays COVID 19 C Reactive Protein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Flow Cytometry Immunoassay Immunoglobulins Leukocytes Lymphocyte Nucleocapsid Nucleocapsid Proteins Plasma Procalcitonin Proteins Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Serum Vision

Anti-HCoV-OC43 Activity of PSB

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Publication 2023

Biological Assay Cells Cell Survival Coronavirus OC43, Human Cytotoxin Immunoglobulins Nucleocapsid Proteins Psychological Inhibition Sincalide Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Virion

Histopathology Scoring and SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection

Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedding tissue sections (4 μm each) were observed for histopathology changes. Severity of histopathology in lungs were given score under complete masking²⁷ (link) by assessment of pulmonary congestion, interstitial infiltration, alveolar infiltration, hemorrhage and scored 0–4 as described previously.²⁶ The following criteria were used for scoring: 0, normal lung section; 1, blood vessel congestion, perivascular or peribronchiolar infiltration; 2, in addition to 1 with diffuse alveolar wall congestion and infiltration; 3, air space infiltration, exudation, hemorrhage of localized alveolitis; 4, diffuse alveolitis were observed. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed by a DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) substrate kit (Vector Laboratories) as we previously described.²⁸ Briefly, For ACE2 antigen detection, ACE2 recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody (MA5-32307, Invitrogen) were used and followed with color development by using the DAB substrate kit. The ACE2 protein was detected by haematoxylin and then mounted the tissue sections with the VectaMount permanent mounting medium (Vector Laboratories). For SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression, slides of lung and NT tissues were stained with an in-house antibody of rabbit anti SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) followed by a secondary antibody of FITC–conjugated goat anti rabbit IgG (65-6111, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The following criteria were used for NP scoring. Lung: “score 0”- no fluorescence staining signal; “score 1”- only in 1–3 bronchiolar epithelium with N antigen positive cells; “score 2”- more than 3 bronchiolar epithelium with N antigen positive cells; “score 3”- Bronchiolar epithelium with a few positive cells in nearby alveolar; “score 4”- multiple foci or large area of alveoli with N antigen positive cells. NT: “score 0”- no fluorescence staining signal; “score 1”- a few N antigen positive cells scattered in the epithelium; “score 2”- epithelium showing continually positive N antigen focus in adjacent cells; “score 3”- more N antigen positive of epithelial foci distributed in different area. Images were captured by using microscope of Olympus BX53 semi-motorized fluorescence or bright-field with OLYMPUS CellSense Standard Software.

Chen Y., Song W., Li C., Wang J., Liu F., Ye Z., Ren P., Tong Y., Li J., Ou Z., Lee A.C., Cai J.P., Wong B.H., Chan J.F., Yuen K.Y., Zhang A.J, & Chu H. (2023). COVID-19 mRNA vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 infection in diet-induced obese mice through boosting host innate antiviral responses. eBioMedicine, 89, 104485.

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Publication 2023

ACE2 protein, human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 anti-IgG Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Blood Vessel Bronchioles Cells Cloning Vectors Eosin Epithelioid Cells Epithelium Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescence Formalin Goat Hematoxylin Hemorrhage Immunoglobulins Lung Microscopy, Fluorescence Monoclonal Antibodies nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Proteins Rabbits SARS-CoV-2 Tissues Tooth Socket

Top products related to «Nucleocapsid Proteins»

Elecsys anti sars cov 2 by Roche

Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, United States, Italy

The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 is a laboratory equipment product designed for the detection of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is intended for use as an aid in determining the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Qiaamp viral rna mini kit by Qiagen

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Japan, China, Netherlands, Italy, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Belgium

The QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the extraction and purification of viral RNA from various sample types. It utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to efficiently capture and isolate viral RNA, which can then be used for downstream applications such as RT-PCR analysis.

Elecsys anti sars cov 2 s by Roche

Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, United States, Italy

The Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S is an immunoassay for the quantitative determination of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in human serum and plasma.

4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, Denmark, Panama, Poland, Singapore, Austria, Morocco, Netherlands, Sweden, Argentina, India, Finland, Pakistan, Cameroon, New Zealand

DAPI is a fluorescent dye used in microscopy and flow cytometry to stain cell nuclei. It binds strongly to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, emitting blue fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet light.

Sars cov 2 igg assay by Abbott

Sourced in United States, Ireland

The SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay is a laboratory equipment product designed to detect the presence of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in human serum or plasma samples. The assay provides a qualitative measurement of the IgG immune response to the virus.

Allplex 2019 ncov assay by Seegene

Sourced in Cameroon, Italy, Spain, Germany, United States

The Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay is a real-time RT-PCR test designed for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The test targets three viral genes: E gene, RdRp gene, and N gene.

Elecsys anti sars cov 2 assay by Roche

Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, United States, Canada

The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay is a laboratory test designed to detect antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is a qualitative immunoassay that uses electrochemiluminescence technology to measure the presence of these antibodies in human serum or plasma samples.

Hoechst 33342 by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, France, Canada, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal, Brazil, Argentina, Singapore, Poland, Ukraine, Macao, Thailand, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden

Hoechst 33342 is a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA. It is commonly used in various applications, such as cell staining and flow cytometry, to identify and analyze cell populations.

Cobas diagnostic test platform by Roche

The Cobas diagnostic test platform is an integrated system for automated in vitro diagnostic testing. It is designed to perform a range of laboratory analyses, including immunoassays and clinical chemistry tests. The Cobas platform provides automated sample handling, processing, and results reporting to support efficient and reliable diagnostic workflows.

Sars cov 2 total assay by Siemens

Sourced in Germany

The SARS-CoV-2 Total Assay is a laboratory equipment product developed by Siemens. It is designed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in patient samples. The assay utilizes advanced technology to provide accurate and reliable results for the identification of the virus.

What are Nucleocapsid Proteins and why are they important?

Nucleocapsid proteins are essential structural components of viruses, responsible for encapsulating the viral genome and facilitating viral assembly and infection. They play a crucial role in the biology and pathogenesis of many viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and HIV. Understanding the properties and function of nucleocapsid proteins is critical for developing effective diagnostic tools, therapeutics, and vaccines.

What are the different types or variations of Nucleocapsid Proteins?

Nucleocapsid proteins can vary across different viral families and species. For example, the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the causative agent of COVID-19) has a unique structure and function compared to the nucleocapsid proteins of other coronaviruses. Additionally, some viruses may have multiple nucleocapsid protein isoforms or variants that serve different roles in the viral life cycle.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in the optimal use and comparison of Nucleocapsid Proteins?

PubCompare.ai allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform can help researchers identify the most effective protocols related to Nucleocapsid Proteins for their specific research goals. PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. This can be particularly helpful in comparing different assays, purification methods, or experimental approaches involving Nucleocapsid Proteins.

What are some common usage challenges or considerations when working with Nucleocapsid Proteins?

One of the main challenges when working with Nucleocapsid Proteins is ensuring the specificity and sensitivity of assays or detection methods. Due to the structural similarities between Nucleocapsid Proteins from different viral species, it can be difficult to develop highly selective reagents and protocols. Additionally, the recombinant expression and purification of Nucleocapsid Proteins can be technically demanding, requiring optimization of factors like solubility, folding, and post-translational modifications.

How can Nucleocapsid Proteins be applied in research and clinical settings?

Nucleocapsid Proteins have a wide range of applications in both research and clinical settings. In research, they are commonly used as targets for the development of diagnostic assays, such as ELISA and lateral flow tests, to detect viral infections. They are also studied as potential therapeutic targets, with researchers investigating ways to disrupt their interactions with other viral or host proteins. Clinically, Nucleocapsid Protein-based tests are often used for the early detection and monitoring of viral infections, such as COVID-19, influenza, and HIV. Understanding the unique properties of Nucleocapsid Proteins from different viruses is crucial for designing effective diagnostic tools and therapies.

More about "Nucleocapsid Proteins"

Nucleocapsid proteins (N proteins) are essential structural components of viruses, playing a crucial role in viral assembly, infection, and pathogenesis.
These proteins encapsulate the viral genome, facilitating viral replication and transmission.
Understanding the properties and functions of N proteins is critical for developing effective diagnostic tools, therapeutics, and vaccines against viral diseases, including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.
N proteins are found in a wide range of viruses, such as coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and HIV.
They are responsible for packaging the viral genetic material and interacting with other viral components to ensure the successful assembly and release of new virus particles.
N proteins also play a key role in the host immune response, as they can be targeted by antibodies and utilized in serological assays to detect past viral infections.
The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assays, along with the Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay and the SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, are examples of diagnostic tests that utilize N protein-based detection methods.
These tests can help identify current or past SARS-CoV-2 infections, aiding in disease monitoring and epidemiological surveillance.
In addition to their diagnostic applications, N proteins are also targets for therapeutic interventions.
Researchers are exploring ways to disrupt the functions of N proteins, such as their interactions with the viral genome or other viral components, as a means of inhibiting viral replication and infectivity.
Techniques like the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit and the Cobas diagnostic test platform are commonly used in the extraction and detection of viral genetic material, including N protein-encoding sequences.
Fluorescent dyes like DAPI and Hoechst 33342 are also employed in microscopy and flow cytometry studies to visualize and quantify N proteins and other viral components.
By leveraging the insights gained from the comprehensive understanding of N proteins, scientists and clinicians can develop more effective diagnostic tools, therapeutics, and vaccines to combat a wide range of viral diseases, ultimately improving patient outcomes and public health.