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Polymyxin B

Q: What are the common uses and applications of Polymyxin B?

Polymyxin B is an important antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. It is commonly used to treat multidrug-resistant infections when other antibiotics are not effective. Polymyxin B works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to cell death. It is an important treatment option for serious infections, though its use may be limited by potential side effects like nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

Q: Are there different forms or variations of Polymyxin B?

Yes, there are different formulations of Polymyxin B available. The most common forms are Polymyxin B sulfate and Polymyxin B methanesulfonate. These variants may have slightly different pharmacokinetic profiles and potencies. Researchers should carefully consider the specific form of Polymyxin B used in their studies to ensure accurate and reproducible results.

Q: How can PubCompare.ai help with Polymyxin B research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platfrom can greatly assist Polymyxin B research in several ways. First, it allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently, helping you quickly identify the most relevant and effective Polymyxin B protocols for your specific research goals. Second, the platfrom's AI analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibiltiy and accuracy. This can be especially helpful when working with potent antibiotics like Polymyxin B that have a narrow therapeutic index. By leveraging PubCompare.ai, you can make more informed, data-driven decisions to optimize your Polymyxin B research endeavors.

Polymyxin B is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa.
It is used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species.
Polymyxin B works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to cell death.
It is an important treatment option for multidrug-resistant infections, though its use may be limited by potential nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to enhance the reproducibility and accurracy of their Polymyxin B research, easily locate relevant protocols, and optimize their scientific endeavors through data-driven decision making.

Most cited protocols related to «Polymyxin B»

Polymyxin Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity

Cited 21 times

The recommendations in this guideline were developed following a review of studies published before December 31, 2018, in English. Studies were identified through Library of Congress, LISTA (Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts [EBSCO]), and PubMed database searches with no date restrictions using Medical Subject Headings. Examples of keywords used to conduct literature searches were polymyxin, colistin, polymyxin B, nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, area under the curve, toxicodynamics, resistance, carbapenem, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Tsuji B.T., Pogue J.M., Zavascki A.P., Paul M., Daikos G.L., Forrest A., Giacobbe D.R., Viscoli C., Giamarellou H., Karaiskos I., Kaye D., Mouton J.W., Tam V.H., Thamlikitkul V., Wunderink R.G., Li J., Nation R.L, & Kaye K.S. (2019). International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Pharmacotherapy, 39(1), 10-39.

Publication 2019

Carbapenems cDNA Library Colistin Drug Kinetics Klebsiella pneumoniae Polymyxin B Polymyxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Polymyxin B Modulation of PBMC Response

Cited 12 times

Suspension of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (3 × 10⁶cells/mL) were pre-incubated with Polymyxin B (CALBIOCHEM, Germany) in the concentration of 10 and 20 μg/mL for 30 minutes at 37°C, 5% CO₂. They were then incubated with the different recombinant proteins (10 μg/mL) or LPS (0.14 ng/mL) and the cultures were incubated for 6 to 48 hours as described above. Polymyxin B (10 or 20 μg/mL) was also added each 12 hours, during all culture period.

Cardoso L.S., Araujo M.I., Góes A.M., Pacífico L.G., Oliveira R.R, & Oliveira S.C. (2007). Polymyxin B as inhibitor of LPS contamination of Schistosoma mansoni recombinant proteins in human cytokine analysis. Microbial Cell Factories, 6, 1.

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Publication 2007

Cells PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Polymyxin B Recombinant Proteins

Evaluating Bacterial Membrane Permeability with CV Assay

Cited 7 times

The alteration in membrane permeability was also evaluated by crystal violet (CV) assay (Vaara and Vaara 1981 (link); Devi et al. 2010 (link)). Bacterial cell suspensions were harvested at 4500×g for 5 min at 4 °C. The cells were washed twice and resuspended in 0.5 mM potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Washed bacterial cell suspension was incubated with CTAB and Polymyxin B at 37 °C for 30 min. Control samples were prepared similarly without treatment. The cells were resuspended in 0.5 mM potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) containing 10 g/ml of crystal violet after harvesting them at 9300×g for 5 min. After incubating the suspension at 37 °C for 10 min the suspension was centrifuged at 13,400×g for 15 min and the OD of the supernatant was measured at a wavelength of 590 nm (SPECTRA MAX M5). OD of the supernatant of the normal untreated cell was used as blank. The OD value of crystal violet solution, was considered as 100 %. The percentage of crystal violet uptake was expressed as follows:

(OD value of sample / OD value of CV solution) \times 100 = Percentage uptake of crystal violet .

Halder S., Yadav K.K., Sarkar R., Mukherjee S., Saha P., Haldar S., Karmakar S, & Sen T. (2015). Alteration of Zeta potential and membrane permeability in bacteria: a study with cationic agents. SpringerPlus, 4, 672.

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Publication 2015

Bacteria Biological Assay Buffers Cell Membrane Permeability Cells Cetrimonium Bromide Polymyxin B potassium phosphate Violet, Gentian

Inflammatory Response to Dust Exposure

Cited 7 times

Endotoxin levels determined by rFC bioassay were normalized to the total amount of dust sampled (EU/mg). Endotoxin’s 3-OHFA (pmol/mg or pmol/mL), muramic acid (ng/mg or ng/mL), and ergosterol (ng/mg or ng/mL) concentrations were normalized to the total amount of dust sampled or to concentration in a 1% HBSS extract solution. The sum of all 3-OHFA constituents measured is reported and the % total 3-OHFA for carbon chain length is reported. Cytokine/chemokine data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Differences in dust-stimulated inflammatory mediator secretion were compared to no stimulation (media control) and to each other. Differences in inflammatory responses between complete (untreated) dust and endotoxin-depleted (polymyxin B treated) dusts were also made. Statistics were performed using one-way parametric ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferonni for multiple comparisons. To determine difference between complete (untreated) and endotoxin depleted (polymyxin-B treated), a two-tailed, paired t-test was utilized using SPSS (16.0) software. Due to sample size, correlation testing was not conducted. Significance was set at p<0.05.

Poole J.A., Dooley G.P., Saito R., Burrell A.M., Bailey K.L., Romberger D.J., Mehaffy J, & Reynolds S.J. (2010). Muramic Acid, Endotoxin, 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids, and Ergosterol Content Explain Monocyte and Epithelial Cell Inflammatory Responses to Agricultural Dusts. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 73(10), 684-700.

Publication 2010

Biological Assay Carbon Chemokine Cytokine Endotoxins Ergosterol Hemoglobin, Sickle Inflammation Muramic Acid neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Polymyxin B secretion

Comprehensive Campylobacter Surveillance Across Environments

Cited 7 times

Structured environmental sampling was conducted throughout the study period at 3 urban (Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and Glasgow) and 2 rural (northeast and southwest) locations. Rural farms with livestock were chosen randomly from each postal sector, and urban sampling focused on areas where animal feces coincided with human activity (e.g., parks). Sampled food (i.e., chicken, pate, and liver) was obtained from retail outlets. Approximately 100-g fecal samples were collected for each animal group, and moistened sterile swabs were used to collect smaller fecal specimens (e.g., from wild birds). Meat specimens were incubated in enrichment broth for 1 h before subculture. Sample information, including source species—the only information used in this study—was recorded. Fecal (10 g) and swab samples were homogenized (1:10) in Campylobacter enrichment broth [22 (link)] and incubated at 37°C for 5 days in 5% horse blood plus growth supplement (Mast Selectavial SV61), amphotericin (2 μg/mL), cefoperazone (15 μg/mL), and trimethoprim (10 μg/mL). Polymixin B (2500 IU/L) and rifampicin (5 μg/mL) were added to the broth after 7 h. Samples (0.1 mL) of enrichment broth were plated on CCDA (CM0739; Oxoid) and incubated in microaerobic conditions at 37°C. Colonies were enumerated and presumptively identified to be Campylobacter with microscopy (Gram stain) and agglutination (Microscreen latex; Microgen), and single colonies were stored at −80°C in nutrient broth with 15% glycerol.

Sheppard S.K., Dallas J.F., Strachan N.J., MacRae M., McCarthy N.D., Wilson D.J., Gormley F.J., Falush D., Ogden I.D., Maiden M.C, & Forbes K.J. (2009). Campylobacter Genotyping to Determine the Source of Human Infection. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 48(8), 1072-1078.

Publication 2009

Agglutination Amphotericin Animals Aves BLOOD Campylobacter Cefoperazone Chickens Dietary Supplements Equus caballus Feces Food Glycerin Gram's stain Latex Liver Livestock Meat Microscopy Nutrients Polymyxin B Rifampin Sterility, Reproductive Trimethoprim

Most recents protocols related to «Polymyxin B»

Generating Bone Marrow Chimera Mice

Bone marrow was isolated from the tibia and femur of mice. Bone marrow was isolated as previously described (56 ). Bone marrow chimera mice were generated by reconstituting lethally irradiated (1,000 rad) mice with 1 × 10⁷ T cell–depleted donor bone marrow cells. Irradiated mice were given neomycin and polymyxin B supplemented water for at least 2 wk following irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. Chimeras were analyzed a minimum of 6 wk after reconstitution.

Martinez R.J., Breed E.R., Worota Y., Ashby K.M., Vobořil M., Mathes T., Salgado O.C., O’Connor C.H., Kotenko S.V, & Hogquist K.A. (2023). Type III interferon drives thymic B cell activation and regulatory T cell generation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(9), e2220120120.

Publication 2023

Bone Marrow Bone Marrow Cells Bone Marrow Transplantation Chimera Femur Mus Neomycin Polymyxin B Radiotherapy T-Lymphocyte Tibia Tissue Donors

Detailed Protocol for Molecular Techniques

Enzymes EcoRI (R3101), BamHI (R3136), SphI (R3182), MscI (R0534), T4 Polynucleotide kinase (M0201), Protoscript II (M0368), calf intestinal phosphatase (M0290), Q5 High fidelity DNA polymerase (M0491), XRN-1 (M0338) and Vent (exo–) DNA Polymerase (M0257) were purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). Ampicillin (AMP201.5), Chloramphenicol (CLR201.5), kanamycin (KAN201.5), Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONP301.5), Polymyxin B (POL435.5), tetracyclin (TET701) and Phenol (PHE509.1) were purchased from BioShop (Burlington, ON, Canada). Acrylamide:Bisacrylamide 19:1 and 29:1 (A0006 and A0007) and PCR product purification kit (BS-365) were purchased from BioBasic (Markham, ON, Canada). Turbo DNase (AM2238) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit was purchased from QIAGEN (Hilden, Germany). Pyrophosphatase (10108987001) was purchased from Millipore Sigma (Burlington, MA, USA). T4 DNA ligase and RNase Inhibitor were produced by the Sherbrooke University Protein Purification Platform. T7 RNA polymerase was purified in house (Massé Laboratory).

Carrier M.C., Lalaouna D, & Massé E. (2023). Hfq protein and GcvB small RNA tailoring of oppA target mRNA to levels allowing translation activation by MicF small RNA in Escherichia coli. RNA Biology, 20(1), 59-76.

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Publication 2023

Acrylamide Ampicillin bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase Chloramphenicol Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI Deoxyribonucleases DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Enzymes Galactosides Intestines Kanamycin Phenol Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Polymyxin B Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase Proteins Pyrophosphatase Ribonucleases T4 DNA Ligase Tetracycline

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of A. baumannii

All A. baumannii strains were isolated from a tertiary, first-class teaching hospital in East China, and the strain number, ST type, etc. are shown in Table S1. 10 strains of ST191, 12 strains of ST195, 11 strains of ST208, 10 strains of ST462, and 9 strains of ST547, total 52 strains were used for each biological experiments. Two strains from each ST type above, plus two STn strains, a total of 12 strains were selected for subsequent genomic and transcriptomic analysis based on their ability to resist complement killing. The antimicrobial susceptibility of all A. baumannii isolates was determined using agar dilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines from 2020. Resistance breakpoints determined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) were used for polymyxin B.

Kong X., Chen T., Guo L., Zhou Y., Lu P, & Xiao Y. (2023). Phenotypic and genomic comparison of dominant and nondominant sequence-type of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in China. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1118285.

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Publication 2023

Agar Biopharmaceuticals Clinical Laboratory Services Europeans Gene Expression Profiling Genome Microbicides Polymyxin B Strains Susceptibility, Disease Technique, Dilution

Evaluation of Polymyxin Susceptibility Testing

The BMD method, as the standard reference method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), was performed in strict accordance with the CLSI M7-A10 document.13 The antibiotic drugs polymyxin B and colistin were obtained from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control of China (polymyxin B lot: 130313-202111, colistin lot: 130327-200906). E. coli ATCC25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 were used as polymyxin-susceptible control strains, while E. coli NCTC 13846 (mcr-1-positive) and K. pneumoniae CCUG59348 (colistin resistant, mcr-negative) served as the polymyxin-resistant control strains.14 (link) The performance of five commercial methods, including VITEK 2^® COMPACT (BioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) with an AST-N335 card (colistin), Phoenix^TM M50 (Becton Dickinson Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, USA) with a NMIC-502 card (colistin), DL-96II (Zhuhai DL Biotech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China) with a DL-E card (polymyxin B), MA120 (Zhuhai Meihua Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China) with a MA card (polymyxin B), and Polymyxin B Susceptibility Test strip (Autobio Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China), which were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, were evaluated.
The possible ranges of MIC readings for each method were as follows: BMD (colistin and polymyxin B), ≤ 0.5 to ≥ 32mg/L; Vitek 2, ≤ 0.5 to ≥ 16 mg/L; Phoenix M50, ≤ 1 to ≥ 8 mg/L; DL-96II, ≤ 2 to ≥ 4 mg/L; MA120, ≤ 1 to ≥ 4 mg/L; Polymyxin B Susceptibility Test Strip (POL E-Strip), ≤ 0.06 to ≥ 256 mg/L. All POL E-Strip results were recorded up to the nearest MIC measured in the BMD category (eg, 0.75 mg/L was recorded as 1 mg/L).

Zhang Q., Yan W., Zhu Y., Jing N., Wang S., Yuan Y., Ma B., Xu J., Chu Y., Zhang J., Ma Q., Wang B., Xu W., Zhu L., Sun Y., Shi C., Fang J., Li Y, & Liu S. (2023). Evaluation of Commercial Products for Colistin and Polymyxin B Susceptibility Testing for mcr-Positive and Negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in China. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 1171-1181.

Publication 2023

Antibiotics Colistin Diagnosis Escherichia coli Food Klebsiella pneumoniae Microbicides Polymyxin B Polymyxins Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Susceptibility, Disease

Evaluation of Colistin Susceptibility Testing

EUCAST clinical breakpoints-bacteria (v 12.0)15 was used for the interpretation of colistin and polymyxin B MIC results (susceptible, ≤ 2 mg/L; resistant, > 2 mg/L). BMD results were considered the reference standard. Essential agreement (EA) was defined as the percentage of MICs within a single doubling dilution of the corresponding reference MICs. Categorical agreement (CA) was the proportion of isolates classified in the same susceptibility category by BMD and the compared methods. Very major error (VME) was defined as false susceptible results compared to BMD. VME rates were calculated using the number of resistant isolates reported by BMD as the denominator. Major error (ME) was defined as false resistant results compared to BMD. ME rates were calculated using the number of susceptible isolates by BMD as the denominator. According to CLSI recommendations, a new system can be acceptable when it meets the standards as follows: CA > 90%, EA > 90%, VME < 1.5%, and ME < 3%.16

Publication 2023

Bacteria Colistin MICA protein, human Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Polymyxin B Susceptibility, Disease Technique, Dilution

Top products related to «Polymyxin B»

Polymyxin b by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia, United Kingdom, India, China, France, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland

Polymyxin B is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is an antibiotic compound used in various research and analytical applications.

Vancomycin by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, India, Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, Ireland, France, China, Japan, Australia

Vancomycin is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is an antibiotic used for the detection and quantification of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in clinical samples.

Polymyxin b by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

Polymyxin B is a polypeptide antibiotic. It functions as an antimicrobial agent, specifically targeting Gram-negative bacteria.

Polymyxin b by InvivoGen

Sourced in United States, France

Polymyxin B is a cationic polypeptide antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a permeabilizing agent, disrupting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Neomycin by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Spain, Macao, Belgium

Neomycin is an antibiotic medication produced by the Merck Group. It is a type of aminoglycoside antibiotic that functions by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacterial cells.

Ciprofloxacin by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Italy, Spain, Poland, Switzerland, India, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Ireland, Czechia, Japan, Macao, Israel, Belgium, Portugal

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobial agents. It is used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin functions by inhibiting the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication and transcription.

Trimethoprim by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, Spain, India

Trimethoprim is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent and in the production of pharmaceutical products. It functions as an antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria. The core function of Trimethoprim is to serve as a research and development tool for scientists and manufacturers within the pharmaceutical industry.

Gentamicin by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Switzerland, China, India, Japan, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Denmark, Macao, Israel, Ireland, Argentina, Poland, Portugal, Czechia, Belgium

Gentamicin is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is an antibiotic used for the detection and identification of Gram-negative bacteria in microbiological analysis and research.

Polymyxin b agarose by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Polymyxin B-agarose is a chromatography resin used for the purification of polymyxin-binding proteins. It consists of polymyxin B, an antibiotic, immobilized on agarose beads.

What are the common uses and applications of Polymyxin B?

Polymyxin B is an important antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. It is commonly used to treat multidrug-resistant infections when other antibiotics are not effective. Polymyxin B works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to cell death. It is an important treatment option for serious infections, though its use may be limited by potential side effects like nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

Are there different forms or variations of Polymyxin B?

How can PubCompare.ai help with Polymyxin B research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platfrom can greatly assist Polymyxin B research in several ways. First, it allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently, helping you quickly identify the most relevant and effective Polymyxin B protocols for your specific research goals. Second, the platfrom's AI analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibiltiy and accuracy. This can be especially helpful when working with potent antibiotics like Polymyxin B that have a narrow therapeutic index. By leveraging PubCompare.ai, you can make more informed, data-driven decisions to optimize your Polymyxin B research endeavors.

More about "Polymyxin B"

Polymyxin B is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa.
It is a potent antimicrobial agent used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species.
Polymyxin B works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to cell death.
It is an important treatment option for multidrug-resistant infections, though its use may be limited by potential nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their Polymyxin B research.
The platform allows users to easily locate relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and to optimize their scientific endeavors through data-driven decision making.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai's powerful tools and features to compare different protocols, products, and methods, and to identify the best approaches for their Polymyxin B studies.
Other related terms and compounds that may be of interest to researchers include Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections; Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), a commonly used cell culture supplement; Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic; Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic; Trimethoprim, a synthetic antibacterial agent; Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic; and Polymyxin B-agarose, a resin used for the purification of Polymyxin B.
By understanding the properties and applications of these related compounds, researchers can optimize their Polymyxin B research and make informed, data-driven decisions.